asteroids, comets and moons[1]

8/6/2019 Asteroids, Comets and Moons[1]

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Asteroids,Comets, and Moons

By: Ryan and Jaspreet


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Video Links

http://www.brainpop.com/science/space/asteroids/

http://www.brainpop.com/science/space/comets/

http://www.brainpop.com/science/space/moon/


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Asteroids

Are a class of small Solar System bodies in

orbit around the Sun.

Small, airless rock, revolving around the sunthat are too small to be called planets.

They are also known as planetoids or minor

planets.


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Types ofAsteroids

# C-type more than 75% of asteroids:

extremely dark approximately the same

chemical composition as the Sun

# S-type, 17%: relatively metallic nickel-iron

mixed with iron- and magnesium-silicates;

# M-type, most of the rest: bright (albedo .10-

.18); pure nickel-iron.


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Main belt

v

Population is concentrated in the Main Belt

between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter Aka Asteroid Belt


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Location ofAsteroids in

Space Lie in a vast ring between the orbits of Mars

and Jupiter talk about main belt

Main belt holds more than 200 asteroidslarger than 100 kilometers in diameter.

Scientists estimate the asteroid belt contains

more than 750,000 asteroids larger than

three-fifths of a kilometer in diameter and

millions of smaller ones


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Location OfA

steroids Main Belt; located between Mars and Jupiter

roughly 2 - 4AU

from the Sun; further divided intosubgroups: Hungarias, Floras, Phocaea, Koronis,

Eos, Themis, Cybeles and Hildas (which are named

after the main asteroid in the group).

Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs): ones that closely

approach the Earth

* 1 Astronomical Unit = 149 598 000 kilometers *


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Moons

Did you know that neither Mercury or Venus

have moons?

Earth, as you may know, only has 1 moon

There are many theories as to how Earths

moon came to be.

The most popular hypothesis is that an

object the approximate size of Mars hit Earth

and the collision caused what the Earth is

today, and also our moon.


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Continued Trojans: located near Jupiter's Lagrange

points (60 degrees ahead and behind Jupiter

in its orbit). hundred such asteroids are now

known; it is estimated that there may be athousand or more altogether

Many asteroids travel outside of theasteroid belt, and remain on elliptical orbits

pulled around by gravity from the sun.


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Earths Moon

Earth, as you may know, only has 1 moon

There are many theories as to how Earths

moon came to be.

The most popular hypothesis is that an

object the approximate size of Mars hit Earth

and the collision caused what the Earth istoday, and also our moon.

Humans first landed on the moon on July

20th

, 1969.


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Mars Moons

Mars has 2 moons; Demos and Phobos.

They are extremely small, only 12.6km and

22.2km, which is smaller than most towns. Theyre small sizes cause their gravity to be

very weak.

Since the gravity is very weak, the moons donot even form into spheres, like our moon.

They just look like typical asteroids.


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Jupiters Moons

Jupiter has more than 50 moons

Most of these moons are small, and

were probably once asteroids that gotsucked in by its gravitational pull, so are

not classified as moons

Jupiter's large size means that it has verystrong gravity, and its powerful gravity

sometimes grabs onto objects that

wander too close


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Saturns Moons

Of all the planets, Saturn reigns supreme,

well at least in the moon department.

That is because Saturn has more moonsthan any other planet, 62 currently, and

counting.

Out of these 62 moons, 53 are actuallyclassified as moons and 9 are provisional

(unofficial) moons.


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Uranus Moons

The planet Uranus has many fascinating

worlds that orbit it.

There are likely still other moons ofUranus

that have yet to be discovered.

Uranus has 27 moons

5 of which are large, while the rest are most

likely smaller asteroids caught in Uranus

gravity


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Comets

Is an icy, small Solar System body that, when

close enough to the Sun, displays a visible

coma (a thin, fuzzy, temporary atmosphere)

These phenomena are both due to the effects

of solar radiation and the solar wind upon the

nucleus of the comet.


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Comet tails

Two types of comet tails: dust and gas ion.


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1) Dust Ion

dust tail, which is usually yellow, contains

small, solid particles that are about the same

size as those found in cigarette smoke.

This tail forms because sunlight acts on these

small particles, gently pushing them away

from the comet's nucleus.


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2) Gas Ion

A gas ion tail, which is usually blue, forms

when ultraviolet sunlight rips one or more

electrons from gas atoms in the coma making

them into ions (a process called ionization).

Then solar wind carries these ions straight

outward away from the Sun.

Resulting tail is straighter and narrower. Both

types of tails may extend millions of

kilometers into space.


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Location In Space

The orbit of a Comet usually takes the comets

to a cold and dark outermost reaches which

the solar system is close to the Sun.

When comets venture into the more intense

sunlight of the inner solar system, the ices on

the comet nucleus begin to melt and fall away.

The wake of particles forms the comet's tail,which can be hundreds of miles long and can

often be seen from Earth.


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Thank You

asteroids, comets and moons[1]

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