associated ohs process: industrial hygiene€¦ · 12/04/2019 · the master copy of this document...

Document Code: 5600-1.0

Issue Date: 03.01.2019

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Laboratory Safety Manual–5600-1.0

Associated OHS Process:

Industrial Hygiene

Prepared by: Bonnie Hockins

Job Title: Occupational Health & Safety Specialist

[email protected]

Verified by: Trey Dean

Job Title: Occupational Health & Safety Assistant Director

[email protected]

Accredited by: Laura Duckworth

Job Title: Occupational Programs Director

ld6pq @virginia.edu

The master copy of this document resides in electronic format.

Printed copies of this document are for convenience only. Verify

that the revision of this printed document matches the current

revision of the electronic master before use. Ownership of this

document may be determined by viewing the electronic master.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:@virginia.edu

mailto:@virginia.edu



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Table of Contents

1. Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.1 Objective ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................. 4

2. Regulations & Other Requirements ............................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) ................................................................................. 4

3. Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................ 5

3.1 Facilities Management Occupational Health & Safety ................................................................................ 5

3.2 Principal Investigators (PIs) or his/her designee ......................................................................................... 5

3.3 Environmental Health & Safety (EHS) .......................................................................................................... 5

3.4 Facilities Management Supervisors ............................................................................................................. 5

3.5 Facilities Management Employees ............................................................................................................... 5

4. Laboratory Safety Manual ............................................................................................................................. 6

4.1 Entrance to Laboratory.................................................................................................................................. 6

4.2 Signage and Labels ....................................................................................................................................... 6

4.2.1 Laboratory Hazard Communication Door Sign…………………………………………………………………………………..7

4.2.2 Emergency / Safety Equipment .................................................................................................................... 7

4.2.3 Green Decommission Sign............................................................................................................................ 7

4.2.4 Non-Operational Equipment ......................................................................................................................... 8

4.2.5 Warning Labels .............................................................................................................................................. 8

4.2.6 Moving Authorization Label ........................................................................................................................ 10

4.2.7 Radiation ...................................................................................................................................................... 11

4.2.8 Radio Frequency and Microwave ............................................................................................................... 11

4.2.9 Thermal Hazards ......................................................................................................................................... 12

4.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ........................................................................................................ 12

4.3.1 Gloves .......................................................................................................................................................... 12

4.3.2 Eye Protection .............................................................................................................................................. 12

4.3.3 Respiratory Protection ................................................................................................................................. 13

4.3.4 Hearing Protection ....................................................................................................................................... 13

4.4 Fire Safety .................................................................................................................................................... 13

4.6 Emergency Equipment ................................................................................................................................ 14

4.6.1 First Aid Kits…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14

4.6.2 Fire Extinguisher…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..15



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4.7 Fire Procedure ............................................................................................................................................. 15

4.8 Chemical Fume Hoods………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15

4.9 Laboratory Emergencies ............................................................................................................................. 15

4.9.1 Fire ............................................................................................................................................................... 16

4.9.2 Free Flowing Liquid / Spills ......................................................................................................................... 16

4.9.3 Personal Exposure / Injury…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….16

4.9.4 Equipment Failures / Planned Outages………………………………………………………………………………………….16

4.10 Chemical Storage ........................................................................................................................................ 16

4.10.1 Chemical Storage Best Practice…………………………………………………………………………………………………….17

4.10.2 Compressed Gas and Cylinder Storage ..................................................................................................... 20

4.11 Electrical ...................................................................................................................................................... 20

4.12 Lockout Tagout ............................................................................................................................................ 21

4.13 Ladders………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..21

4.14 Animal Facilities........................................................................................................................................... 21

Appendix A: Definitions .............................................................................................................................................. 23



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1. Summary

1.1 Objective

The primary objective of the Laboratory Safety Manual is to provide a general guide for Facilities Management

(FM) employees planning, initiating, and completing projects or activities in laboratories at the University of

Virginia.

1.2 Scope

This Manual applies to all University of Virginia FM employees when work assignments expose them to any

laboratory environment. This work includes housekeeping, maintenance, renovation, and construction.

2. Regulations & Other Requirements

2.1 Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)

This Laboratory Safety Manual complies with UVA-FM requirements as well as applicable OSHA 1910.1200.

Employees need to understand fundamental concepts of OSHA HazCom including, but not limited to hazard

classification, pictograms, container labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS). Hazard Communication uses

numbers to classify hazards 1-4 to determine what label information is required. The most severe hazard

would be classified as a ‘1’ with a ‘4’ being the least severe hazard.

Figure 1. Hazard Classification and Pictogram



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3. Roles and Responsibilities

3.1 Facilities Management Occupational Health & Safety

It is the responsibility of UVA FM-OHS to:

a) Develop, administer, and evaluate Laboratory Safety Manual.

b) Provide Laboratory Safety training to personnel operating in laboratory spaces.

c) Assist in developing and conducting Job Hazard Analyses (JHA).

It is the responsibility of UVA FM-OHS to:

d) Develop, administer, and evaluate Laboratory Safety Manual.

e) Provide Laboratory Safety training to personnel operating in laboratory spaces.

f) Assist in developing and conducting Job Hazard Analyses (JHA).

3.2 Principal Investigators (PIs) or his/her designee

It is the responsibility of Principal Investigators to:

a) Provide Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) with laboratory hazard information and emergency

contact information for the Hazard Communication Door Sign; provide subsequent updates when/if a

new hazard is introduced

b) Communicate with FM personnel in regards to specific laboratory hazards present.

c) Remove, relocate, and decontaminate materials and equipment to remove hazards from work areas

or equipment that will impact FM work, as applicable.

3.3 Environmental Health & Safety (EHS)

It is the responsibility of UVA EHS to:

a) Respond to and assist with spills of hazardous materials.

b) Provide assistance in all matters of laboratory safety and regulatory compliance.

c) Post Hazard Communication Door Signs at the laboratory entrance.

d) Review proposed laboratory renovations.

e) Decommission laboratory areas upon request and post appropriate clearance signage.

3.4 Facilities Management Supervisors

It is the responsibility of UVA-FM Supervisors to:

Review the Laboratory Safety Manual with employees they supervise.

Ensure proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is available to employees performing work in

laboratories.

Ensure employees comply with all provisions of the Lab Safety Manual

Ensure employees are trained on Lab Safety procedures

3.5 Facilities Management Employees

It is the responsibility of UVA-FM Employees to:

a) Attend required training.

b) Follow policies outlined in this Manual.

c) Wear required PPE.



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d) Notify Supervisor and/or FM-OHS or EHS of any unsafe act or condition before proceeding with

assigned work.

4. Laboratory Safety Manual

4.1 Entrance to Laboratory

1) Coordinate with laboratory Principal Investigator (PI) or his/her designee to ensure that laboratory

has been decontaminated (if applicable) and is safe to enter. Also, ensure that any laboratory

work currently ongoing will not be interrupted.

2) In preparation for your arrival, the laboratory staff will remove sensitive equipment or possible

hazards that maintenance personnel may encounter (e.g., moving containers of potentially

infectious agents, radioactive materials or chemicals to a secure area, stop laser alignments or

otherwise secure the laser beam, prior to initiation of maintenance work).

3) Entry to the laboratory requires two employees at a minimum.

4) Read and understand the laboratory hazard communication door sign (Figure 2) specific to each

lab.

5) Conduct a visual assessment of surroundings and the work area. If a hazard is found, do not

continue until the hazard has been assessed and controlled.

6) Ensure proper PPE is worn according FM-OHS protocol, and as advised by laboratory occupants.

Individual laboratories may post minimum PPE requirements to enter space.

4.2 Signage and Labels

Laboratories contain various signs and labels (often with symbols) to communicate hazards (or absence of

hazards), safety equipment and information, and emergency information.

4.2.1 Laboratory Hazard Communication Door Signs

A standard UVA Lab Hazard Communication Door Sign (Figure 2) is ‘required’ to be posted at each lab

entrance. The purpose of the sign is to indicate the person responsible for the space, potential types of

hazards present beyond the door, and contact information for the Principal Investigator, EHS, and the UVA

Emergency Operator in the event of an emergency. This sign is not meant to prohibit access and is designed to

provide basic hazard information. Further questions about hazards present should be addressed to the

Principal Investigator (i.e. the person listed on the door sign).



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Figure 2. Hazard Communication Door Sign

4.2.2 Emergency / Safety Equipment

Signs are posted to identify the location of exits, safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire extinguishers.

4.2.3 Green Decommission Sign

Any laboratory with hazardous materials (i.e. chemical, biological, radioactive, lasers) being vacated must have

the lab decommissioned prior to the space being turned over to a new principal investigator, and/or FM

employees or contractors. EHS ensures that hazardous materials and wastes are removed from the lab. Once

the lab has been decommissioned, the ‘Green Sign’ (Figure 3) will be placed on the door.



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Figure 3. ”Green Sign” Indicating Room Has Been Decommissioned

4.2.4 Non-Operational Equipment

Non-operational equipment that is maintained by FM personnel must be taken out of service and labeled to

prevent further use. The responsible party for broken equipment should be contacted to return the equipment

to service. Contact your Supervisor for assistance.

4.2.5 Warning Labels

Warning signs and labels should be posted in areas or on equipment where special or unusual hazards exist,

such as biohazards (Figure 4), lasers (Figure 5), ultraviolet (UV) light (Figure 6), radiofrequency (Figures 7-10),

magnetic fields (Figure 11), radiation and (Figure 12) high voltage (Figure 13) when hazards are present.

Other warning signs that should be adhered to are no food and drink (Figure 14), hot items (Figure 15) and

cold items (Figure 16). Labels for Biohazards and Radioactive materials must include the universal hazard

symbols.

Figure 4. Universal Biohazard Symbol Figure 5. Laser Symbol Figure 6. UV Light

Symbol



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Figures 7-10. Radiofrequency Warnings

Figure 11. Magnetic Fields Figure 12. Radiation Figure 13. High Voltage

Figure 14. No Food or Drink Figure Figure 15. Hot Item Figure 16. Cold Item



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4.2.6 Moving Authorization Label

Laboratory equipment (e.g. refrigerators, freezers, incubators, centrifuges, Biological Safety Cabinets and

similar types of equipment) may be labeled with a biohazard and/or radiation symbol. In such cases, the labels

indicate that the equipment was used in conjunction with experiments involving biological agents, radioactive

material or used to store biological agents or radioactive material.

Accordingly, biohazard-labeled equipment must often be decontaminated before it can be moved within UVA

(to another lab space), to another institution, or to a surplus contractor. Likewise, radioactive-labeled

equipment must be surveyed to determine no contamination is detected before the equipment can be moved

or released.

A piece of equipment that still has the biohazard or radiation symbol must have the below EHS authorization

label (Figure 17) with approver initial and date in order for the equipment to be moved.

Figure 17. Moving Authorization Sticker for Biohazard and/or Radioactive Labeled Equipment

If a chemical fume hood is to be removed or renovated, it must be first be properly decommissioned and

labeled as safe. Do not commence work unless the following label (Figure 18) is attached to the face of the

hood and dated and signed by EHS IH personnel. Contact EHS if there are any additional questions.

Figure 18. Chemical Fume Hood Decommission Sticker



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4.2.7 Radiation

Employees are not authorized to touch, move, or work on any item labeled as radioactive without direct

assurances from qualified lab personnel or EHS that the exterior of the item is free of contamination.

Supervisors are responsible for annual training of their employees to recognize “Radioactive” symbols (Figure

4) and to safely handle those items.

Laser Radiation

Accidental exposure to Class 3B or Class 4 laser radiation can be harmful to the eyes and/or skin. These

lasers are located within Laser Controlled Areas (LCA) in laboratories where special precautions are taken to

keep the beam contained by laser curtains, table edge guards, beam traps and/or beam tubes. In many cases

the entire room is designated as the laser controlled area with locked doors and special window coverings and

door signs.

For normal operations, the laser equipment is bolted to the laser table to keep the beam path set. The beam is

not harmful as long as it is not disturbed. It can be accidently reflected and some beams are invisible. Keep a

minimum of two feet away from a laser table. Never rest anything on a laser table or allow tools or other items

to cross over or onto the table. For extensive work in a laser lab, request the laser be turned off or contact the

Laser Safety Officer at EHS to ensure safe work can be done. Never enter a laser lab when laser alignment or

laser servicing is occurring.

4.2.8 Radio Frequency and Microwave

“Radiofrequency (RF) Radiation" refers to electromagnetic fields with frequencies between 300 kHz and 300

MHz, while "Microwave (or MW) Radiation" covers fields from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Since they have similar

characteristics, RF and MW radiation are usually treated together. As well, the lower-frequency boundary of RF

radiation is often extended to 10 kHz, or even to 3 kHz, to include emissions from commonly used devices.

Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation Microwave radiation (MW) is absorbed near the skin, while

radiofrequency (RF) radiation may be absorbed throughout the body. At high enough intensities both will

damage tissue through heating. Know and adhere to the warning signs (Figures 7 - 10)



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4.2.9 Thermal Hazards

Hazards in a laboratory not only contain chemical hazards, but physical hazards as well. Possibility of thermal

burns due to contact with hot (Figure 14) or cold (Figure 15) equipment or exposure to extreme temperatures.

Be aware and use caution with items below:

a) Hot Plates

b) Bunsen burners.

c) Liquid Nitrogen

4.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

UVA-FM requires that all FM personnel and visitors entering a laboratory are provided and wear appropriate

PPE. At a minimum, eye protection, closed-toe shoes and clothing that covers the legs is required. The purpose

of PPE is to reduce FM personnel, and visitor’s exposure to laboratory hazards.

A PPE Assessment should be completed to determine the hazards and risks of exposure for each procedure

performed. Employees should be trained on how to select, inspect, use, maintain and store PPE.

4.3.1 Gloves

Appropriate gloves should be worn whenever touching laboratory equipment or surfaces that has been used

with laboratory chemicals, working with FM work-related chemicals, or whenever working with rough- or sharp-

edged objects, or very hot or very cold materials. Gloves should be selected based on the material being

handled and the hazard involved. When supplying disposable gloves, provide alternatives to latex since latex is

a common allergy.

Inspect gloves before each use and discard if you see discoloration, punctures, and tears. Do not blow into

gloves to check for integrity, but if there is no external contamination, the glove may be squeezed to determine

if the trapped air is escaping through small holes.

Gloves must be removed before leaving the laboratory.

4.3.2 Eye Protection

Appropriate eye protection must be worn when working with and/or around chemicals or equipment in the

laboratory.

a) Safety Glasses - Safety glasses with side-shields are designed to provide impact protection but

provide little protection from chemical splashes, dusts, or hot particles.

b) Goggles - Wear splash goggles with splash-proof sides when there is a danger of a chemical

splashing. Goggles that have screened sides or other vents are not splash proof but can be worn

when working with apparatus that could produce flying particles (e.g. glassware under reduced or

elevated pressure).

c) Face Shields - Face shields, in addition to safety glasses or splash goggles, provide maximum

protection to the face and neck from flying particles and harmful liquids. Face shields may also be

needed when a vacuum system is used.



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4.3.3 Respiratory Protection

Respiratory protection requirements vary depending on the type of respiratory hazard present.

All UVA-FM employees who are required to use respiratory protection must receive training prior to any

respirator use. Contact FM-OHS if you suspect you are exposed to any air contaminated hazard. Refer to FM

OHS Webpage for additional information regarding the Respiratory Protection Program.

4.3.4 Hearing Protection

OSHA sets legal limits on noise exposure in the workplace. These limits are based on worker’s time weighted

average over an 8-hour day. Hearing protection (earplugs or earmuffs) may be required for some procedures in

laboratory settings.

Contact FM-OHS if there is a location where noise over-exposure is suspected. Refer to FM OHS Webpage for

additional information regarding the Hearing Conservation Program.

4.4 Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication is meant to communicate, that chemicals, and other hazardous material, may be

present in the laboratory. Refer to FM-OHS for additional information regarding Hazard Communication

4.4.1 University of Virginia Hazard Communication Equipment

All laboratory equipment (e.g., refrigerators, freezers, centrifuges, and incubators) and waste disposal

containers in which biohazardous material or radioactive materials are used or stored must be labeled to

indicate the type of hazard present. For biohazardous materials, the label must contain the universal symbol

for biohazard (Figure 4) and the word “Biohazard”. For radioactive materials and instruments that produce

radiation, the label must contain the universal symbol for radiation, the words “Caution, Radioactive Materials”

or “Caution, Radiation”, and identify the specific radioisotope (Figure 12). Labels should be affixed to the

container or as close as possible to the container using string, wire, adhesive, or any other method that

prevents their loss or unintentional removal.

4.4.2 Working in laboratories

Adhere to the following requirements while working in laboratories

a) Do not perform any work for which you are unqualified or untrained.

b) Eating, drinking, smoking, gum chewing, applying cosmetics, and taking medicine in laboratories

is strictly prohibited.

c) Laboratory water sources and deionized water should not be used for drinking water.

d) Report all accidents and potential chemical exposures, however minor, to your supervisor

immediately.

4.4 Fire Safety

All UVA laboratories should meet the requirements of Virginia Statewide Fire Prevention Code. These

requirements while doing work in a laboratory should include the following:

a) Passageways and aisles must be a minimum of 36 inches wide and must remain unobstructed.

b) The location of emergency exits must be clearly marked. If possible, there should be two exits for

each laboratory.

c) Exits, stairs, and passageways must be illuminated to facilitate evacuation in the event of an

emergency. Emergency exits must be clearly marked.

https://www.fm.virginia.edu/docs/ohs/RespiratoryProtectionProgram20170210.pdf

https://www.fm.virginia.edu/docs/ohs/RespiratoryProtectionProgram20170210.pdf

https://www.fm.virginia.edu/docs/ohs/HearingConservationProgram20170710.pdf

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d) Fire doors must remain unobstructed at all times.

e) There are specific evacuation locations for each building. Please be aware of the evacuation

location you are working in.

Figure 18. NFPA Diamond

4.6 Emergency Equipment

All safety-related equipment must be maintained, clearly labeled, and stored in a laboratory or laboratory area

so that it can be easily found in an emergency. Emergency safety equipment typically includes:

a) First aid kits

b) Emergency showers and eye wash stations

c) Fire extinguishers

4.6.1 First Aid Kits

A first aid kit may be located in a laboratories. Supply inspection and restocking is the responsibility of the

laboratory.

Emergency Showers and Eye Wash Stations

ANSI Z358.1 compliant safety showers and eye wash stations are located within ten seconds of travel time

from hazardous chemical use areas. All UVA-FM personnel should check the location of emergency showers

and eye washes in his/her work area when performing work in a laboratory. Emergency shower and eye wash

stations must be clearly identified by signs visible from all directions of travel. If you have any concerns,

contact your Supervisor.

Health Hazard Fire Hazard Reactivity Hazard

4 Lethal 4 Flashpoint below 73 F 4 May detonate

3 Serious or Permanent Injury

3 Flashpoint between 73F and 100F

3 Shock and heat may detonate

2 Temporary Incapacitation/Residual Injury

2 Flashpoint between 101F and 200F

2 Violent chemical change

1 Significant Irritation 1 Flashpoint over 200F 1 Unstable if heated

0 No Health Hazard 0 Will not burn 0 Stable



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4.6.2 Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers must be clearly labeled and readily assessable in the event of a fire. Fire Extinguishers

should be located near each exit in the lab or in the hallway within 75 feet of the laboratory.

NFPA 10 requires annual professional fire extinguisher inspections along with monthly inspections that you can

do on your own. Once a fire extinguisher is discharged, it must be serviced or replaced by a professional.

To operate a fire extinguisher, remember the word PASS:

a) Pull the pin. Hold the extinguisher with the nozzle pointing away from you and release the locking

mechanism.

b) Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of the fire.

c) Squeeze the lever slowly and evenly.

d) Sweep the nozzle from side-to-side.

4.7 Fire Procedure

Employees are not required to fight fires but shall follow the procedures below

1) Secure your work area: Power down equipment and move it out of walkways

2) Exit immediately

3) Proceed to your designated assembly area

4) Call 911 giving them the exact location

5) Inform your supervisor and make sure you’re accounted for

6) Wait until the “all clear” is given before re-entering an area or building.

4.8 Chemical Fume Hoods

a) Prior to dismantling or servicing a chemical fume hood, laboratory personnel must remove all

equipment, chemicals, and radioactive materials which may cause a hazard or impede access

b) Contact EHS IH to determine if additional decommissioning/decontamination procedures are required.

c) Work on chemical fume hood exhaust systems (associated ductwork and exhaust fans) may require

additional procedures/PPE.

d) DO NOT TURN OFF THE FAN WITHOUT NOTIFYING LAB PERSONNEL

e) If a fan needs to be shut down, and you have permission, a caution tag must be affixed to the hood

sash with the following information:

1) Date of shutdown

2) Expected duration of shutdown

3) Reason for shutdown

4) Your name

5) Supervisor’s or engineer’s phone number

4.9 Laboratory Emergencies

Laboratory emergencies are unpredictable and unexpected events. These emergencies pose a potential threat

to health and safety of personnel, property, and the environment. FM personnel should be prepared to respond

to emergencies such as hazardous materials spills, personal exposures or injuries, fire, or equipment failures.

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4.9.1 Fire

Refer to Section 4.6 and 4.7.4 for Fire and Fire extinguishers.

4.9.2 Free Flowing Liquid / Spills

1) If you notice an unidentified liquid or substance, stop work, secure the area if able and leave the work

area. If lab personnel are not present, contact EHS at 434-982-4911 for spill response and be

prepared to provide as much information as possible.

2) If lab personnel are present, enlist their help to positively identify the spilled material. Lab personnel

may assist clean-up, and/or contact EHS for assistance. DO NOT attempt to clean up any spills unless

you have been cleared by EHS (for example, it is determined to be a water leak)

3) Shut off the supply to the spill (if applicable, such as a water leak).

4) If you cannot clean up the spill, you should at the very least, contain the spill with supplies from your

spill kit (Figure 8) until EHS arrives.

Figure 8. Spill Kit

4.9.3 Personal Exposure / Injury

a) In the event you have been exposed to a substance through inhalation, ingestion, absorption, allergic

reaction or burns take appropriate response to the incident e.g. get fresh air, flush with water, remove

contaminated clothing and dress wound as appropriate. If necessary, call 911. Report the incident to

your supervisor as soon as possible.

b) In the event someone in your work area has been injured or exposed to a substance, continue to

monitor symptoms and remain with the victim until emergency response personnel arrive.

4.9.4 Equipment Failures / Planned Outages

a) In the event of power failure, you must notify lab personnel and Systems Control immediately. Some

chemicals / experiments require refrigeration, chilled water, ventilation, vacuum, etc.

b) Notify EHS and Lab Personnel when a planned outage is necessary. They will address any hazards

associated with the equipment in question prior to your arrival.

4.10 Chemical Storage

UVA requires all laboratories to segregate chemicals into compatible groups and provide adequate storage

areas. The specific Safety Data Sheet (SDS) should always be consulted when evaluating chemical properties

and hazards of the materials for storage. Most chemicals have multiple hazards; decisions should be based

on:

a) Flammability - The most important consideration for storage is the flammability characteristic of the

material. If the chemical is flammable, it should be stored in a flammable cabinet. If the total for flammables

exceeds quantity, limits they must be stored in a flammable cabinet.



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b) Reactivity - If the material will contribute significantly to a fire (e.g., oxidizers), it should be isolated from

flammables. If the material will contribute significantly to a fire when water is applied (e.g., water-reactive

chemicals), it should be stored to ensure it is protected from any contact with water, including water that would

be applied while extinguishing a fire in the lab. Isolate materials that can react with themselves.

c) Corrosives - Corrosive substances are chemicals that cause a reaction that lead to the damage of a solid be

prioritized as follows structure. A material is considered corrosive if a liquid or solid causes irreversible

destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period.

d) Toxicity - The toxicity of the material, with attention paid to regulated materials, means that certain

chemicals will be isolated within a storage area. For example, an extreme poison that is also flammable should

be locked inside the flammable storage cabinet.

4.10.1 Chemical Storage Best Practices

Establish and follow safe chemical storage and segregation (Figures 9 and Table 1) procedures for laboratory:

a) Provide an appropriate storage place (per Compatibility and storage guidelines in Figure 10 and

11) for each chemical and return the chemical to that location after use.

b) Storage cabinets should be clearly marked with primary hazard category being stored

c) Store in compatible containers. Use containers that are chemically resistant and non-breakable

d) Avoid storing chemicals on bench tops, hallways, corridors and exits.

e) Do not expose stored chemicals to heat or direct sunlight

f) Storage cabinets and shelves should be level, stable, constructed of material compatible with

chemicals being stored and should have raised edges or rim guards (minimum height: 2 inches) to

prevent containers from falling.

g) Store heavy bottles on lower shelves; store corrosives below eye level; Solids should be stored

above liquids.

h) Containers of chemicals must be capped when not in use; make sure that caps on containers are

secure; replace damaged caps.

i) Use secondary containment to prevent incompatible chemicals from mixing and reacting with

each other if they must be stored adjacent to each other.

j) Use secondary containment or spill control,

k) Signs should be posted indicating “toxic” chemical location and unique hazards.



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Figure 9 – Chemical Storage and Compatibility Chart



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Flammables Store in approved safety cans or cabinets. Do not store incompatible materials in the same cabinet. Keep away from any source of ignition: heat, sparks, or open flames. Flammable solids must be segregated from flammable liquids.

Acids Do not store with flammable solvents or combustibles. Ideally store in a cabinet designed for acids: do not store on metal shelving. Segregate inorganic from organic acids. Isolate nitric acid and perchloric acid from everything, including other perchloric.

Bases Store in corrosives cabinet or on protected shelving away from acids. Segregate inorganic from organic bases.

Light Sensitive

Chemicals Store in amber bottles in a cool, dry, dark place.

Nitrated Compounds

Nitrated compounds can be considered explosive; special care and handling may be required.

Oxidizers Store in a cool, dry place away from flammables and reducing agents. Oxidizers must not be stored on wooden shelves or in cardboard boxes.

Peroxidizable Chemicals

Store in airtight containers in a dark, cool place. Most peroxidizable compounds are flammable and should be stored in a flammable liquid storage cabinet. Label containers with receiving and opening dates. Test for the presence of peroxides at least every six months. Discard before exceeding expiration date. Inspect peroxide forming chemicals often for evidence of contamination, degradation, or any change from normal physical or chemical characteristics.

Pyrophoric Substances

Store in a cool, dry place, making provisions for an airtight seal. Materials will react with the air to ignite when exposed.

Toxic Chemicals

Store according to the nature of the chemical, using appropriate security where necessary. Store in a ventilated, dry, cool area in a chemically-resistant secondary container.

Water-Reactive

Chemicals

Store in a cool, dry location away from any water source, including sprinkler systems. Have a Class D fire extinguisher available in case of fire.

Compressed Gas

Containers

Store in a cool, dry place secured with chain or strap. Separate flammables and oxidizers by 20 feet or a 1 hour rated firewall.

General Chemicals

Store on shelves with "like" chemicals.

Table 1 – Chemical Storage Recommendations



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4.10.2 Compressed Gas and Cylinder Storage

Both physical and health hazards are present with compressed gases. Adhere to the following safe practices

when working with and storing compressed gas cylinders:

a) Make sure cylinders have proper labels including contents, concentrations, hazard classifications,

safety precautions, manufacturer or supplier’s name, and a tag that indicates whether the cylinder is

“full”, “in-service”, or “empty”. Full and Empty cylinders must be stored separately.

b) Make sure gas cylinders are not damaged and do not show signs of corrosion. If a cylinder is leaking,

leave the area and contact OHS. Do not attempt to repair.

c) Storage areas must be placarded with NFPA 704 signage.

d) Assume all cylinders contain gas under pressure and treat all gases as hazardous chemicals.

e) All cylinders (regardless of size) must be secured by chains or straps placed 2/3 of the way up the

length of cylinder.

f) Make sure caps are in place when cylinder is not in use. Make sure access to the cylinder valve is

unobstructed at all times.

g) Keep incompatible gases stored separately. If the cylinder is not in use, separate oxidizing gases from

flammable gases by 20 feet or a one-hour firewall.

h) Avoid sources of ignition and open flame.

i) Do NOT store or expose cylinders next to an open flame or temperatures higher than 25F.

j) Do NOT use or permit contact of solvents, oil, or grease on cylinders or their valves.

k) Cylinders should not be stored in an unsecured area.

4.11 Electrical

Many electrical devices in a laboratory have high voltage or high-power requirement. Equipment can store

lethal amounts of electrical energy and pose a serious danger even if the power source has been

disconnected, carrying even more risk.

Loss of electrical power can also create hazardous situations. Flammable or toxic vapors may be released as

chemicals warm or when a refrigerator or freezer fails. Fume hoods may cease to operate, allowing vapors to

be released into the laboratory. If magnetic or mechanical stirrers fail to operate, safe mixing of reagents may

be compromised.

a) Know the location of electrical panels and disconnect switches so that power can be quickly shut

down in the event of a fire or electrical accident.

b) Never obstruct electrical panels and disconnect switches. These should be clearly labeled to indicate

what equipment or power source they control. A minimum 3-foot clearance must be maintained to

permit safe operation and maintenance of such equipment

c) Avoid using extension cords whenever possible. Extension cords should not go under doors, across

aisles, be hung from the ceiling, or plugged into other extension cords.

d) Never, ever modify any high voltage equipment.

e) Service and/or repair work on hard-wired equipment may only be conducted by authorized individuals

who have received Lock Out Tag Out (LOTO) training.

f) Refer to FM OHS webpage for additional information regarding the Electrical Safety Program.

4.12 Lockout -Tagout

The purpose of LOTO is to establish procedures for affixing appropriate LOTO devices to energy isolation

devices and to otherwise disable machines or equipment to prevent unexpected re-energizing, start up, or

energy release to protect employees from injury during the servicing of equipment. Refer to FM OHS webpage

for additional information regarding the LOTO Program.

https://www.fm.virginia.edu/docs/ohs/ElectricalSafetyProgram20181107.pdf

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The following general steps will be taken by authorized FM employees when locking and tagging out

equipment:

1) Notify Others: The Authorized Employee completing the servicing must verbally notify all Affected

Employees of the impending equipment shutdown.

2) Shutdown Equipment: If the equipment is running, it must be shutdown using normal shutdown

procedures

3) Identify All Energy Sources: All electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and other energy sources feeding the

equipment must be identified. Any questionable identification of energy sources should be clarified

with the supervisor prior to beginning work.

4) Isolate Equipment from Energy Sources: Once the equipment has been shut down, all energy isolation

devices must be operated so that the equipment is disconnected from its energy sources. (e.g., turn

electrical disconnects to “Off” or “Safe” position; open electrical circuit breakers; close hydraulic

valves; close pneumatic valves, etc.)

5) Lockout/tagout the Equipment: Locks, lockout, and/or tagout devices must be affixed to each energy

isolation device to prevent the transmission of energy. A tag indicating the lock holder and the date of

application MUST accompany each lock. A tag should also be placed near the equipment’s point of

operation if it is located remotely from the energy isolation device(s).

6) Release or Block Stored Energy: After the equipment has been isolated and locked/tagged out, all

stored energy must be safely controlled. The appropriate bleeding or blocking methods must be used

to dissipate stored energy sources (such as hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, steam pressure,

suspended parts, spring-driven parts, etc.).

7) Verify Isolation of Equipment: Prior to beginning any service work, the Authorized Employee must

attempt to restart the equipment using the normal starting procedure or otherwise ensure the

effectiveness of the lockout. Operational controls must be returned to the “off” position after a restart

attempt has been completed.

8) Perform Required Servicing: During the completion of service work, employees must avoid doing

anything that could potentially reactivate the equipment.

4.13 Ladders

FM Employee should be able to recognize hazards related to ladders understand the procedures to be followed

to minimize these hazards.

a) Be aware of the swing of the ladder (depending on length) when walking through the lab.

b) Be aware of equipment above and below where ladders are set.

c) Speak with lab personnel to determine best place to set up ladder to avoid overreaching.

d) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and assembling the fall protection systems to be

used

e) The proper construction, use, placement, and care in handling of all stairways and ladders

f) The maximum intended load-carrying capacities of ladders

g) The standards stipulating proper ladder use and maintenance

Refer to FM OHS page for additional information regarding the Ladder and Stairways Program.

4.14 Animal Facilities

a) Many similar laboratory hazards are present in the animal facility as some research projects expose

animals to biological, chemical and radioactive agents. Rooms housing animals involved in these

projects are clearly marked by door signs. You may see the universal hazard sign (Figure 3) as well as

additional animal laboratory specific signage. Rooms housing animals that have been treated with

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biohazards, radioactivity, or chemicals will be clearly marked with the appropriate hazard symbols on

door signs (refer to section 4.2).

c) Your immediate work area should be cleared of any hazardous materials including animals/caging by

vivarium personnel.

d) If you encounter an animal cage or animal equipment, do not attempt to handle. Contact the vivarium

supervisor or staff for assistance.

e) Slip hazards exist due to diligent cleaning/mopping of facilities, and vivarium staff will post wet floor

signage as necessary

f) Use caution and proper PPE when servicing large equipment such as cage washers and autoclaves.

They present a burn and scalding risk, so be properly trained before servicing these types of

equipment

g) In the event you have an exposure such as a splash to your face or eyes, a cut or puncture,

immediately and thoroughly wash the exposed area with soap and water. For exposures to known

hazards (chemical or biological) flush with an eyewash or wash in the sink for at least 15 minutes.

Notify your supervisor immediately and then follow up with a medical provider as indicated by FM OHS

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Appendix A: Definitions

Affected Employee means an employee whose job requires him/her to operate or use a machine or equipment

on which servicing, or maintenance is being performed under lockout or tagout, or whose job requires him/her

to work in an area in which such servicing or maintenance is being performed.

ANSI means American National Standards Institute, a privately funded, voluntary membership organization

that identifies industrial and public needs for national consensus standards and coordinates development of

such standards.

Asphyxiant means a gas or vapor which can take up space in the air and reduce the concentration of oxygen

available for breathing. Examples include acetylene, methane, and carbon dioxide.

Authorized Employee means an approved person who locks out or tags out machines or equipment in order to

perform servicing or maintenance on that machine or equipment. An Affected Employee becomes an

Authorized Employee when that employee's duties include performing servicing or maintenance covered under

this section.

Combustible Liquid means any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C), but below 200 °F

(93.3 °C), except any mixture having components with flash points of 200 °F (93.3 °C) or higher, the total

volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.

Corrosive Material means a liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible alteration in human

skin tissue at the site of contact

Electrical Hazard means a dangerous condition such that contact equipment failure can result in electric

shock, arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast.

Employee means a person who works for the university full-time or part-time and is paid through the

university’s payroll system or receives compensation in any form from the university.

Energized means connected to an energy source or containing residual or stored energy.

Energy source means any source of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal, or other

energy.

Equipment is a general term including fittings, devices, appliances, luminaires, apparatus, machinery, and the

like, used as a part of, or in connection with, an electrical installation.

Explosive means a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat

when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.

Exposure means a person's contact with a hazardous chemical in the course of employment through any route

of entry (inhalation, ingestion, skin contact or absorption, etc.).

Flammable means a chemical that includes one of the following categories means

1) Liquid, flammable--Any liquid having a flash point below 100 °F (37.8 °C), except any mixture having

components with flash points of 100 °F (37.8 °C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or

more of the total mixture volume.

2) Solid, flammable--A solid, other than an explosive, that can cause fire through friction, absorption of

mixture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or that

can be readily ignited and, when ignited, will continue to burn or be consumed after removal from the

source of ignition.



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Hazard means a source of possible injury or damage to health.

Hazardous means exposure to at least one hazard.

Hazardous Material means, in a broad sense, any substance or mixture of substances having properties

capable of producing adverse effects on the health or safety of a human being.

Hazard Rating means material ratings of one to four which indicate the severity of hazard with respect to

health, flammability, and reactivity.

Hazard Warning means any words, pictures, symbols, or combination thereof appearing on a label or other

appropriate form of warning which convey the specific physical and health hazard(s), including target organ

effects, of the chemical(s) in the container(s). (See the definitions for "physical hazard" and "health hazard" to

determine the hazards which must be covered.)

Ingestion means the taking in of a substance through the mouth.

Inhalation means the breathing in of a substance in the form of a gas, vapor, fume, mist, or dust.

Labeled means equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark

of an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with produce

evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose

labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified

manner.

Lockout means the placement of a lockout device on an energy isolating device, in accordance with an

established procedure, ensuring that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled cannot be

operated until the lockout device is removed.

LOTO Lock means a mechanism for affixing that utilizes a key, to hold an energy isolating device in the safe

position and prevent the energizing of a machine or equipment.

LOTO Tag means a prominent warning and communication device which can be securely affixed to an energy

isolating device in accordance with an established procedure to indicate that the energy isolating device and

the equipment being controlled may not be operated until the tag is removed. LOTO tags are standardized and

provided by the employer. The owner and contact information must be listed on LOTO tags.

NFPA means National Fire Protection Association is an international membership organization which

promotes/ improves fire protection and prevention and establishes safeguards against loss of life and property

by fire. Best known on the industrial scene for the National Fire Codes (16 volumes of codes, standards,

recommended practices and manuals developed and periodically updated by NFPA technical committees).

Among these is NFPA 704M, the code for showing hazards of materials as they might be encountered under

fire or related emergency conditions, using the familiar diamond-shaped labels or placards with appropriate

numbers and symbols.

OSHA means Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, the agency that

regulates work area conditions.

Oxidizer means a chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive that initiates or promotes combustion in

other materials, thereby causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.

Qualified Person means one who has demonstrated skills and knowledge related to the construction and

operation of electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to identify and avoid the

hazards involved.



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Risk means a combination of the likelihood of occurrence of injury or damage to health and the severity of

injury or damage to health that results from a hazard.

Risk Assessment means an overall process that indemnifies hazards, estimates the potential sever9ty of injury

or damage to health, estimates the likelihood of occurrence of injury or damage to health, and determines if

protective measures are required.

Reactivity means a description of the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction with the release of

energy. Undesirable effects such as pressure build-up, temperature increase, and formation of noxious, toxic or

corrosive byproducts may occur because of the reactivity of a substance by heating, burning, direct contact

with other materials, or other conditions in use or in storage.

Servicing and/or maintenance means workplace activities such as constructing, installing, setting up,

adjusting, inspecting, modifying, and maintaining and/or servicing machines or equipment. These activities

include lubrication, cleaning or unjamming of machines or equipment and making adjustments, or tool

changes, where the employee may be exposed to the unexpected re-energizing or startup of the equipment or

release of hazardous energy.

Supervisor means the individual responsible

Toxicity means the sum of adverse effects resulting from exposure to a material, generally by the mouth, skin,

or respiratory tract.

Unqualified Person means a person who is not a Qualified Person.



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Appendix B: Acronyms

ANSI: American National Standards Institute

EHS: Environmental Health and Safety

FM: Facilities Management

JHA: Job Hazards Analysis

LOTO: Lockout/Tagout

NFPA: National Fire Protection Association

OHS: Occupational Health and Safety

OSHA: Occupational Safety & Health Administration

PI: Principal Investigator

PPE: Personal Protective Equipment

UVA: University of Virginia

associated ohs process: industrial hygiene€¦ · 12/04/2019 · the master copy of this document...

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