ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET

Student Name: __________________________________________

Student ID: __________________________________________

Unit Name: __________________________________________

Lecturer’s Name: __________________________________________

Due Date: __________________________________________

Date Submitted: __________________________________________

DECLARATION

I have read and understood Curtin’s policy on plagiarism, and, except where indicated, this assignment is my own work and has not been submitted for assessment in another unit or course. I have given appropriate references where ideas have been taken from the published or unpublished work of others, and clearly acknowledge where blocks of text have been taken from other sources.

I have retained a copy of the assignment for my own records.

________________________________________

[Signature of student]

For Lecturer’s Use Only:

Overall Mark: ________ out of a total of _________ Percentage:

Lecturer’s Comments:

Lecturer’s Name: Date Returned:

Sutthisrisaarng Pholpark

17682974

Geophysical Data Processing 612 (Petroleum)

Sasha S.

7 November 2014

7 November 2014

Sutthisrisaarng Pholpark

Lab 1. Unix basics, ProMAX user interface.

Part 1. Unix basics

Promax basic command

Command Response

man Call manual, a page must be specified.

man --help

man man Call a manual of manual.

man ls Call a manual of ls.

ls Show files in a current directory.

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ ls

config-local-gp312 mycalendar.txt part1.sgy run wd_nov2008_shots.sgy

ls Show files in a current directory in a long detail format.

ls -a Show files in a current directory (short forma6t), included hidden files .

pwd Show a current directory.

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ pwd

/share/data/home/students/T17682974

who List a current user in the same network.

whoami Show a current username.

cp file1 file2 Copy a file.

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ ls

config-local-gp312 mycalendar.txt part1.sgy run wd_nov2008_shots.sgy

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ cp part1.sgy copy.sgy

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ ls

config-local-gp312 copy.sgy mycalendar.txt part1.sgy run

wd_nov2008_shots.sgy

rm Remove a file

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ rm copy.sgy

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ ls

config-local-gp312 mycalendar.txt part1.sgy run wd_nov2008_shots.sgy

rmdir dir1 Remove an empty directory.

mkdir dir1 Create a new directory.

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ mkdir testdirect

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ ls

config-local-gp312 mycalendar.txt part1.sgy run testdirect

wd_nov2008_shots.sgy

chmod Changes the permissions of file.

cal Call a calendar.

cat Print a text file on the screen

top Display all current tasks.

ps Show a snap shot of the current operation.

ps -e To see every process on the system using standard syntax

kill

xterm Strart a new panel, the old panel is unable to operate until the new panel is

closed.

xterm& Strart a new panel, the old panel is still able to operate.

- Create text file named ‘mycalendar.txt’ containing calendar of this month; display content of the file on your screen

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ cal > mycalendar.txt

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ cat mycalendar.txt

August 2014

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

- Change permissions for that file; allow all users to read the content

[T17682974@egplnxc1 ~]$ chmod 755 mycalendar.txt

Part 2. ProMAX user interface

Marine seismic

- Display raw data

> STEP 1/3: Create line

>> STEP2/3: Create flow

>>> STEP3/3: Select operation method in flow, the execute

- Display raw data in WA/WT, WT, and greyscale mode.

Grayscale mode

WA (Display only maximum amplitude)

WT(Display only traces, no maximum

amplitude highlighted)

WA/WT(Combined WA and WT)

Comment: We can also display traces in color mode.

- Annotate axis using FFID and CHAN

- Answer the following questions:

a. What are the main parameters of file, i.e. sampling interval, number of samples (see the

log file)?

# Traces per Ensemble .............. = 230

# Auxiliary Traces per Ensemble .... = 51614

Sample interval (micro sec) ........ = 6000

Recording sample interval .......... = 2000

# samples per trace ................ = 668

# recording samples per trace ...... = 4097

Data sample format ................. = 4 Byte IBM floating point

b. Which trace headers have some defined values?

FFID: Field File Identification Number , increases

with #of shots

CHAN: #of channel

OFFSET

AOFFSET

CDP: Common Depth Point

CDP_X

CDP_Y

DEPTH

FILE_NO

SEQNO

SOURCE

SOU_H2OD

TFULL_E

TLIVE_E

TOTSTAT

TRACENO

TRC_TYPE

TR_FOLD

c. Identify main components of the wave field.

Land seismic

- Answer the following questions:

a. What are the main parameters of file, i.e. sampling interval, number of samples (see the

log file)?

# Traces per Ensemble .............. = 156

# Auxiliary Traces per Ensemble .... = 51614

Sample interval (micro sec) ........ = 1000

Recording sample interval .......... = 0

# samples per trace ................ = 3001

# recording samples per trace ...... = 1250

Data sample format ................. = 4 Byte IBM floating point

b. Which trace headers have some defined values?

b. Which trace headers have some defined values?

FFID: Field File Identification Number , increases

with #of shots

CHAN: #of channel

OFFSET

AOFFSET

CDP: Common Depth Point

CDP_X,CDP_Y

LINE_NO

REC_X,REC_XD

FILE_NO

SEQNO

SOURCE

SOU_X,SOU_XD

SOU_H2OD

TFULL_E

TFULL_S

TLIVE_E

TLIVE_S

TRACENO

TRC_TYPE

TR_FOLD

c. Identify main components of the wave field.

Lab 2: Geometry

Objective

Learn to set geometry for raw seismic data and perform quality control after geometry is

assigned.

FLOWS

1/5 Load seismic data to the database

Flow: 010 – SEGY Input

SEG-Y Input - read all traces from ‘’part1.sgy”

Disk Data Output – Stored data in the database (at the current flow) name “raw data”

The loaded data can be viewed by clicking

‘datasets’ tab, then use MB2 to click ‘raw data’.

If use MB3, Promax will show history of the file.

2/5 Creating database files

Flow: 020 – Extract DB Files

The main function of this flow is to extract headers from ‘raw data’ in order to generate Promax database entries.

Since trace headers are only used for DB files

generation, click ‘YES’ at ‘Process trace headers

only’.

3/5 Assigning geometry

Flow: 030 – Geometry

The only one function of this flow is to generate ‘2D Marine Geometry Spreadsheet’. The picture below has been taken from GP312, lecture2 geometry.

Number of channels in the streamer: 230

Minimum inline offset: 130 m

Crossline source offset: 0 m

Receiver group interval 12.5 m

Source interval: 50 m

Streamer towing depth: 8 m

Source towing depth: 6 m

Nominal sail line azimuth: 0°

Use ‘matching pattern’ midpoints assignment method.

After flow ‘030 – Geometry’ has been executed, the geometry spreadsheet will show

up.

Geometry assignment sequence (menu items) as provided in the lab instructions are:

1. Setup – enter parameters

2. Sources – coordinates of sources

3. Pattern – define pattern of recievers

4. Bin – assign midpoints, bin and finalize database

5. QC the results – show survey pattern

Setup

Sources

Patterns

Binning

All parameters assigned above are used to construct a binning grid in binning process.

QC the results - using TarceQC create cross-plot SIN

vs REC_Y coloured according to OFFSET (View->View

All->XY Graph).

Explanation: Since each header of raw

seismic trace does not contain geometry

information, geometry information is

needed to be assigned before a processing

in further steps e.g. stacking. In order to

create a survey grid regarding to survey

geometry, important survey parameters are

binned together. After binning process, the

QC results are obtained from the plot SIN vs

REC_Y coloured according to OFFSET.

Overall, the plot shows geometry of survey

lines. Each line indicates shot locations

obtained from the same SIN or source index

number which is an assigned number for

each shot point. The highest number of

each line in Y-axis indicates the minimum

inline offset. Every move of a source

position (source interval) increases SIN

number one step (+1) until 208 (the last

shot). In addition, as source interval is 50m,

the move of source also increases the

minimum inline offset by 50m.

Note: Source live number is obtained from

the field data but for Sin we created it in

geometry assignment process.

4/5 Updating trace headers with correct values

In step 3/5, geometry spread sheet was created, however, the geometry has not been applied to

the data set ‘raw data’. Hence, the main purpose of this flow is to apply the geometry to the data set.

Flow: 040 – Inline geometry

After assigned geometry for the dataset, dataset

information shows that geometry matches database and

trace number matches database.

4/5 QC

1. Sort data in SOURCE:AOFFSET order, tune display parameters to see 5 ensembles each time

(displayed in grayscale), use FFID and OFFSET to annotate traces

2. Make sure that tools used for travel time approximation with a straight line and hyperbola show

realistic values for direct wave and bottom reflection.

Note: the average velocity of direct wave is 1534.6 m/s and the average velocity of bottom

reflection is 1487.4 m/s.

3. Pick direct wave and project on a first ensemble and project to all of them. It must follow direct

wave on all ensembles, scroll till the end of the line.

In order to pick direct wave and project the pick to ensembles, “Pick Miscellaneous Time Gates function is used”. The method is shown below.

After project the direct wave pick to all ensembles, all of them follow the projected lines which

indicates that assigned geometry works properly.

4. Resort data in CDP:AOFFSET order, explain changes in number of traces per ensemble in respect

to SOURCE:AOFFSET.

SOURCE:AOFFSET - #trace = 230 traces per ensemble (constant number thorough all of SIN)

CDP:AOFFSET- #trace = traces per ensemble increasing as the number of fold increasing as in the

fold diagram below. Number of traces start from 1 at CDP1, increasing up to 29 and then decreasing

to 1 afterwards.

Hence, in the case of CDP:AOFFSET sorting, #trace in each CDP ensemble depends on #fold while

SOURCE:AOFFSET sorting #trace in SIN ensemble is a constant number 230 traces per ensemble.

#traces increses with #fold

Fold diagram