assignment 1. continue answering your study guide. 1 through 50

Assignment

• 1. Continue answering your study guide.

• 1 through 50

Final exam study guide

1. As a car starts to move and go up a hill what type of energy transformation is occurring?

• Potential to Kinetic

2. A racecar is driven around a circular track. It takes the car the same amount of time for each trip around the track. Explain why the statements are true or false.

The racecar has a constant speed.T because the speed is not changing.

The racecar’s motion is uniform, so there is no external force acting on it.T because the motion is still the same.

A force causes the racecar to constantly change direction.T because you need a force to change direction.

The car has a changing direction.F because you need force to change direction.

•

• 4. What causes a rock to accelerate as it falls?

• Gravity • 5. List three uses of a

screwdriver what type of simple machine is it?

• A. tighten a screw.• B. Loosen a screw.• C. Pry open a can

Lever

3. What kind of simple machine is used in the pliers below?

6. Use at least five words to describe the relationship between work and energy?You need energy to work.

• 7. How would the planet most likely be affected if Earth were not tilted on its axis?

• There will be one season on Earth.• 8. Which of the following lunar phases occurs

approximately 28 days after a new moon in the lunar cycle?

• New Moon• 9. Which landforms are made by deposition? • Delta, river banks, shores, beaches

Label the phases in the diagram below, and answer question # 10.

• 10. The diagram above shows the orbit of the moon around the Earth. Between which two points will the moon appear to change from a quarter moons to a new moon?

• S and T

1st Q

Fullmoon

3rd Quarter

NewMoon

• 11. The moon’s surface is made of rocks and dust-like soil because of the meteors hitting the moon. Meteors breaking down the moon is a example of what (weathering, erosion,deposition.)

Weathering

• 12. What must a student determine to calculate the density of a liquid?

• Density = Mass divided by volume ( D=M/V)

• 13. A field geologist collected data for two nuggets of copper and determined their density. Which two pieces of equipment did the geologist most likely use to determine the density of the copper nuggets?

• You will need Triple beam balance and a graduated cylinder

Kinetic

Elastic Potential

electrical

Kinetic

14. What type of energy is being illustrated in each picture?

Use the diagram below to answer questions 15-16.

• 15. The diagram above shows a barrel moving toward a waterfall, describe the energy at each position.

• W Potential• X Potential to kinetic• Y Kinetic• Z Kinetic

• 16. List 2 examples of kinetic energy.Ball rolling on the ground.Jumping over the fence, running car.

• 17. Give 3 examples of potential energy. Sleeping, a rock on top of a hill, books on the table

• 18. An earthquake would most likely result near which

of the land feature? • Faults• 19. What is an effect of the burning of hundreds of

acres of rain forest?• Increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere that causes global warming

Use the diagram below to answer question # 20.

• 20. What cause the moon to appear to change its shape?

• The moon’s rotation around the Earth.

Use the diagram below to answer question # 21 - 22

• 21. The phase of the moon that could replace X in the diagram is ___. Please draw you answer.

• New moon• • 22. During Phase Y of

the lunar cycle, the moon• reflects to the Earth what

phase?• Full moon


• 23. The diagram shows the moon orbiting Earth. An observer on Earth sees different phases on different dates. What is the date closes to the new-moon phase?

• May 18


24. At what latitude can the sun be visible for 24 hours straight in June?

Arctic Circle

Use the diagram below to answer question # 25

• 25. What is the most likely effect of a large earthquake that occurs beneath an ocean?

• Tsunami

CAUSEA fault beneath the ocean suddenly slides, releasing energy and causing an earthquake.

EFFECT

?

26. Which of these is the best position for the fulcrum to lift the log with the least amount of effort?Y

Use the diagram below to answer question 27.

• 27. Hurricanes can cause devastating destruction to a coastal area. Describes how a hurricane can affect a marine ecosystem:

• * Kill many marine plants

• * displaces many marine organisms

Hurricane’s Effect on Coastal Area

Effect on

Coastline

Heavy waves batter the shoreline, altering the coastline.

Effect on Marine

Ecosystems

?

Effect on Coastal

Communities

Forced evacuations of communities leave many people homeless.

28. Identify the type of tides illustrated in the

pictures below :

Neap or low Neap or low

low Spring or high

29. What three forces and events can cause the change in the Earth’s crust?

Weathering, erosion, deposition

30. What category storm would cause• both wind and water damage to the lower• floor of two-story buildings?

31. The diagram below shows layers of sediments deposited in a body

of water. Which layer was deposited last?

32. Diamonds have a density of 3.5 g/mL.

Where would diamond come to rest

if dropped into the cylinder above?

33. What type of simple machine is

found in the seesaw?

Between water and mercuryLever

Label the diagram below to answer question 34.

Waxing crescent Full moon

1st Q Waning gibbous

Waxing G New moon

Waning C3rd Q

• 35. During which two phases would a neap tide occur?

• 3 and 7

• 36. What is the net force to accelerate an object that has a mass of 25 kg to 40 m/s²?

• F = M X A

• 37. What acceleration will result when a 21 N net force applied to a 7kg object?

• A = F/M• • 38. What property of

matter keeps the average person from lifting their vehicle?

39. When a soccer player kicks a soccer ball, what type of force is acting on the ball?

Unbalanced force40. Why is a passenger who is not wearing a seatbelt likely

to hit the windshield in a head-on collision?Inertia

41. The picture below shows a pulley being used to move a load. In which direction will the load move if the force applied to the rope is greater than the force of gravity on the load?

42. What are the benefits of using simple machines?

• A. makes work easier• B. change direction• C. Lessen the force

Going up

• 43. What is the earliest and most simple, “simple machine” and contains a load, effort and fulcrum?

• Lever• Draw an illustration:

44.At which latitude can would they experiencdarkness 24 hours ?

Antarctic circle

45. The faster a ball is moving, the greater its __.

Kinetic energy

46. What catastrophic event closely resembles the impact of a Tsunami?

Hurricanes

47. The skateboarder (s) with the most potential energy is

A

48. Skateboarding on a ramp is an example of the continuous transformations between what two types of energy?

Potential to kinetic to potential

• 50. A stone resting on the edge of a cliff has what type of energy?

• Potential energy• 51.

49. In the picture above, a boy is trying to pull a dog on a leash, but the dog and the boy are moving in the same direction. Describes the forces in this situation?

There is an unbalanced force. The force of the dog is greater than the boy so the movement is to the direction of the dog.

51. A gasoline-powered vehicle goes up a hill from point X to point Y. What energy

transformation must occur in the car’s engine?

Kinetic to potential

52. A scientist forms a hypothesis about something she observes. What is her next step?

Plan an experiment to test her hypothesis

• 53. During a dissection activity, a student accidentally knocks a scalpel off the lab table. Which of these actions should the student take?

• *Use both hands to protect the eyes from the scalpel

• *try to catch the scalpel before it reaches the floor.

• * Pick up the scalpel avoiding the sharp edge.

• * Get a new scalpel, leaving the dropped one.

• Use the illustration

below to answer # 54.

• 54. The single fixed

pulley resembles a first

class lever because ____.

Change the direction of

the force are opposite

each other.

• 55. You are riding in the passenger seat of a car when suddenly the driver slams on the brakes. You continue moving forward until the dashboard stops you. Which law of motion best explains why this occurred?

• # 1 An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

• Inertia

• 56. A book is sitting at rest on your table. What type of force is the book experiencing.

• Balanced force

• 57. Give an example of work being done.

• Moving some objects to a different place.

• Pushing or pulling objects

• 58. Leaf blowing in the wind is an example of what type of energy.

• kinetic

• 59. Describe the relationship between the mass and force in the illustrations below.

60. A man pushes a rock that is 40 Kg across the beach at 5 m/s². How much force did he use? F= M x A

– 200 N– 45 kg– 200 J– 2000J

61. The above illustration best illustrates which law?

1st Law of Motion – the law of Inertia

• 62. What should you do to smell chemicals?

• You waft or waive towards your nose.

• 63. Landslides, mudflows, slump and creep are all examples of ____.

• Mass movement

• 64. To use the lease amount of force to lift a heavy load, the best position to place the fulcrum is at what point?

• C• 65. List the 6 types of simple machines and give an example of each. • Wedge – knife• screw – jar lid• Lever – seesaw• inclined plane - ramp• Wheel and axle – car wheels - • Pulley – used in blinds

66. Levers are divided into classes according to the location of what?

• 67. The type of simple machine shown above.

• Pulley

68. What type of energy is being created when you rub your hand together?

• Thermal energy

• 69. What is an example of a kinetic energy source that can be transformed into electrical energy?

• Waterfalls, windmills

• 70. Water is one of the greatest factors in nature that causes erosion, or the movement of sediment. Using what you know about erosion and nature, which of the pictures of this cliff has been eroded the most?

72. A box is pushed up an inclined plane 3.0m long to a height of 1.0m. How can the amount of force needed to push the box up the ramp be reduced?

Increase the length of the ramp.

•73. What do you call an

interpretation of observations based on past experiences and information?

Inference

71. Based only upon the foot’s structure, what function can you infer this bird is able to perform?

Can swim and paddle through water.

Answer the following two questions using the table below.

• 74. Over which two-year period does a typical female gain the most mass?

Age (years)

Mass of Males (kg)

Mass of females (kg)

8 25 25

10 31 31

12 38 40

14 50 50

16 62 57

18 68 58