ashrae presentation

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2010

Presented by

Ryan Kopko, PE BEMP, BEAP, LEED AP

March, 7th 2012

Presentation Overview

• ASHRAE 90.1 Overview and History

• Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation

Section Updates/Changes

• Lighting Section Updates/Changes

• Building Envelope Section

Updates/Changes

• ASHRAE, LEED, and Beyond!

ASHRAE 90.1 - Overview & History

• It supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 by adding 60 Addenda

• It will become the reference standard for the 2012 IECC

• It is the professional “standard of care” for energy efficiency set by ASHRAE Consensus

• Format: Structured like a code document, with a consistent numbering scheme

• Climate Zones: – Defined geographically by county lines,

not by individual city or climatic Degree Days

– Metropolitan areas kept together.


• Purpose of the Standard

– The purpose of this standard is to provide

minimum requirements for the energy-

efficient design of buildings except low-rise

residential buildings for:

1) design, construction, and plan for O&M**, and

2) Utilization of on-site, renewable energy sources

** Note: This portion is new in 2010


90.1 - 1975

• Standard First

issued

90.1 - 1980

• First Update to

Standard

90.1 – 1989

• Second Update

90.1 – 1999

• Major Rewrite of

the Standard

90.1 – 2001

• Minor Revisions

90.1 – 2004

• Improved on 2001

by ~10%

90.1 – 2007


by ~25%

90.1 – 2010


by ~5%


State Adoption as of

November 1, 2011

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Structure

Sections in the Document 1. Purpose

2. Scope

3. Definitions, Abbrev. & Acronyms

4. Administration and Enforcement

5. Building Envelope

6. HVAC

7. SWH

8. Power

9. Lighting

10. Other Equipment

11. Energy Cost Budget (ECB)

12. Normative References Appendices A-G

Technical Sections Outline x.1 General – Scope & Conditions

x.2 Compliance Paths

x.3 Simplified Building (Note 1)

x.4 Mandatory Provisions

x.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path

x.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Note 2)

x.7 Submittals – Drawings, manuals, labeling, etc

x.8 Product Information – Equipment efficiency, installation requirements, etc.

Notes:

1. Only used in HVAC

2. Only in Section 5 and 9

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 HVAC

• Airside Energy Recovery

• Chiller Minimum Efficiency Changes

• Economizer Exemptions

• Single Zone VAV

• Load Calculations

• Appendix G

• Damper/Duct Leakage Requirements

• Part Load Fan Power

• Garage Ventilation Requirements


Airside Energy Recovery

Table 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Requirements

Climate

Zone

% Outdoor Air at Full Design Airflow Rate

30~40% 40~50% 50~60% 60~70% 70~80% > 80%

Design Supply Fan Airflow Rate (cfm)

3b,3c,4b,4c,5b NR NR NR NR ≥ 5,000 ≥ 5,000

1b,2b,5c NR NR ≥ 26,000 ≥ 12,000 ≥ 5,000 ≥ 4,000

6b ≥ 11,000 ≥ 5,500 ≥ 4,500 ≥ 3,500 ≥ 2,500 ≥ 1,500

1a,2a,3a,4a,5a,

6a ≥ 5,500 ≥ 4,500 ≥ 3,500 ≥ 2,000 ≥ 1,000 > 0

7,8 ≥ 2,500 ≥ 1,000 > 0 > 0 > 0 > 0

• Incorporate exhaust air

energy recovery system

with at least 50%

enthalpy energy recovery.

• 2004 was ≥5000 cfm and ≥70% OA


Chiller Efficiencies

Equipmen

t Type

Size

Category

(Tons) Units

Before 1/1/2010

As of 1/1/2010

Path A Path B

Full Load IPLV Full Load IPLV Full Load IPLV

Air

Cooled < 150 EER ≥9.562 ≥10.416 ≥9.562 ≥12.5 NA NA

≥150 EER ≥9.562 ≥10.416 ≥9.562 ≥12.75 NA NA

Water

Cooled

Electricall

y

Operated

Positive

Disp.

<75 kW/Ton ≤0.790 ≤0.676

≤0.780 ≤0.630 ≤0.800 ≤0.600

≥75 to <150 kW/Ton ≤0.775 ≤0.615 ≤0.790 ≤0.586

≥150 to <300

kW/Ton ≤0.717 ≤0.627 ≤0.680 ≤0.580 ≤0.718 ≤0.540

≥300 kW/Ton ≤0.639 ≤0.571 ≤0.620 ≤0.540 ≤0.639 ≤0.490

Table 6.8.1C Water Chilling Packages – Efficiency Rqmts

• On 1/1/2010, the HCFC (R-22) refrigerants were eliminated and HFC’s (R-

134a, R-410a) must be used. This table shows the EER and kW/ton

requirements for chillers before and after January 2010.

• The Standard also provides guidance for chiller efficiencies at Nonstandard

Conditions (Section 6.4.1.2)


Economizer Exemptions Climate Zone Efficiency Improvement 1

2a 17%

2b 21%

3a 27%

3b 32%

3c 65%

4a 42%

4b 49%

4c 64%

5a 49%

5b 59%

5c 74%

6a 56%

6b 65%

7 72%

8 77%

• Economizer required on all

equipment 4.5 tons and above.

2004 was 11.25 Tons

• Table 6.3.2 (on the left) lists

efficiency improvement requirement

needed to not use economizer.

• Computer Rooms have a number of

exemptions and still undergoing

discussion.

• The table used to be based strictly

on specific EER or SEER

improvements not a percentage. 1) If a unit is rated with an IPLV, IEER, or SEER then to

eliminate the required air or water economizer, the minimum

cooling efficiency of the HVAC unit must be increased by the

percentage shown. If the HVAC unit is only rated with a full

load metric like EER then these must be increased by the

percentage shown.


Single Zone VAV Control

HVAC Systems shall have variable

airflow controls

• Chilled water

– Motor power 5 Hp and greater

– Reduce airflow by 50% or to

minimum OA per 62.1

• Direct Expansion

– 110,000 btuh (9.2 Tons) and

greater

– Reduce airflow by 33% or to

minimum OA per 62.1

• Either can be accomplished with

2 speed motors or VFD Control

Section 6.4.3.10


Load Calculations

• 90.1 - 2004 – Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of

sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in

accordance with generally accepted engineering standards and

handbooks acceptable to the adopting authority.

• 90.1 – 2010 – Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of

sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in

accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183, Peak

Cooling and Heating Load Calculations in Buildings Except

Low-Rise Residential Buildings.


Appendix G

• Normative Appendix G in 2010

• Provides specific rules for determining

Degree of Improvement over 90.1

• Responding to demand by LEED

designers

• Distinct from Energy Cost Budget

Compliance Method in Section 11


Damper/Duct Leakage

• Damper Leakage (Section 6.4.3.4.3) – OA Supply and Exhaust/relief Dampers

– Shall have maximum leakage rate per Table 6.4.3.4.3

• Permitted Duct Leakage (Section 6.4.4.2.2) – Maximum permitted duct leakage shall be:

𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝐿𝑃0.65

𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑠𝑞𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

𝐶𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠, 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑠𝑞𝑓𝑡 @ 1" 𝑤. 𝑐. 𝑃 = 𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒, 𝑖𝑛 𝑤. 𝑐.


Part Load Fan Power Limitation

• Individual VAV fans with motors ≥10 hp

– Shall have VSD, or

– Shall be vane-axial w/variable pitch blades, or

– Shall have other controls and devices to result in fan motor demand ≤30% of design wattage at 50% of design air volume when static

pressure set point = 1/3 of total design static pressure.

Was 30 hp in 90.1-2001 and 15 hp in 90.1 2004


Ventilation Control

• High Occupancy Areas – DCV required for spaces >500 sqft and > 40 people/1000

sqft that are served by any of these: • Air-side economizer

• Auto modulation of OA damper

• Design OA airflow > 3000 CFM

(Must maintain minimum rates per ASHRAE Standard 62.1)

– Exceptions • Exhaust energy recovery system per section 6.5.6.1

• Multiple-zone systems w/o DDC of individual zones

• Design OA < 1200 cfm

• Where supply air – make up air < 1200 cfm

* CO2 Sensor Control Considered the BEST Method


Ventilation Control

• Enclosed Parking Garage Ventilation

– Parking garage ventilation systems shall automatically detect

contaminant levels and stage/modulate fans of 50% (or

less) of design capacity provided acceptable contaminant

levels are maintained.


Other Items

• AC and Condensing Unit Efficiency Requirements

increased

• VRF Efficiency requirements

• Closed Circuit Cooling Tower Performance

Requirements

• Pipe Insulation Requirements Changed

• Commissioning of HVAC Systems

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Lighting

• Lighting provided the largest energy

savings in the new version of ASHRAE

90.1-2010 with reduced Lighting

Power Density allowances and emphasis

on daylighting!

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Lighting Luminaire Wattage Determination

• Luminaires w/o ballasts = maximum

labeled wattage of the luminaire

• Luminaires with ballasts = wattage of

the lamp/ballast combination

• Line-voltage track = minimum 30 W

per foot or wattage of circuit breaker

or other current-limiting device(s)

• Low-voltage track = transformer

wattage

• All other misc lighting equipment, as

specified.


Lighting Power Density (LPD)

• Addendum “by” changes:

– For most building types, the

LPDs are reduced.

• Average LPDs: – 90.1–2007 ……Ave = 1.09 w/sqft

– 90.1-2010……Ave = 0.906 w/sqft

Difference of -16.9%

• Lighting Controls Update

– Occupancy, Daylighting with

photosensor, Scheduling

Building Area Type

LPD

(W/sqft)

Automotive Facility 0.9 0.82

Convention Center 1.2 1.08

Courthouse 1.2 1.05

Dining: Bar/Leisure 1.3 0.99

Dining: Cafeteria/fast

food

1.4 0.9

Dining: Family 1.6 0.89

Dormitory 1.0 0.61

Exercise Center 1.0 0.88

Gymnasium 1.1 1.0

Health-care Clinic 1.0 0.87

Office 1.0 0.9


Lighting Control

• Daylighting Controls for Sidelighting

– When daylight sidelighted area exceeds 250 sqft, the lighting should be separately controlled by at least on multi-level photocontrol with these features: • Light Sensor for the photocontrol shall be remote from where the

calibration adjustments are made,

• The calibration adjustments shall be readily accessible, and

• Multilevel photocontrol shall reduce the electric lighting in response to available daylight with at least one control step between 50% and 70% of design lighting power and another control step that is ≤ 35% (including off) of design power.

– Exceptions • Tops of adjacent structures are twice as high above the windows as

their distance from the window.

• Sidelighting effective aperture (EA) < 10%

• Retail spaces


Lighting Control • Daylighting Controls for Toplighting (Skylight or

Monitors)

– When daylight toplighted area exceeds 900 sqft, the

lamps for general lighting shall be separately

controlled by at least one multilevel photocontrol

with these features: • SEE PREVIOUS SLIDES REQUIREMENTS!

– Exceptions

• Adjacent structures block direct beam sunlight for more than

1500 hours per year between 8 am and 4 pm

• Skylight effective aperture (EA) < 0.6%

• Buildings with daylighted spaces <1500 sqft in CZ 8


Lighting Control

“Daylight from Sidelights”


Lighting Control

“Daylight Area Under Skylights”


Lighting Control

“Daylight Area Under Monitors”

ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 Envelope

The new standard includes a number of

updates that address the Envelope of

the building including these major

changes:

- Continuous Air Barrier Required

- Skylights are required

- U Factors are lowered

- Changes to Fenestration Requirements


Continuous Air Barrier

• Entire building envelope to be designed and constructed with a continuous Air Barrier. – It should extend over all surfaces of the building.

• All air barrier components shall be clearly identified and detailed on the design drawings.

• If the air barrier is not detailed then building leakage has to be determined through testing.


Skylights are Required

• Required in any enclosed

space that is four stories

or less that is:

– ≥5000 sqft and,

– Directly under a roof with ceiling height ≥15ft, and

– Is a office, lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, etc.

• A number of exemptions exist


U Factors

• Fenestration U Factor requirements in

90.1 – 2007 are 38% lower than those

in 2004

• Roof with attics and above deck insulation

have U-factor requirements that are 20

to 24% lower.


Fenestration Orientation

The vertical fenestration area shall meet the

following requirement:

AS ≥ AW and AS ≥ AE

Where:

AS = south oriented vertical fenestration area

AN = north oriented vertical fenestration area

AW = west oriented vertical fenestration area

AE = east oriented vertical fenestration area

(this is for northern hemisphere)

ASHRAE Resources

Advanced Energy Design Guides

• Provide a guide to

energy savings.

• Adding new facility

types as they are

completed.

• Free for download at

ashrae.org. http://www.ashrae.org/standards-

research--technology/advanced-energy-

design-guides

30%

Design

Guide

over

1999

50%

Design

Guide

over

2004

http://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/advanced-energy-design-guides











ASHRAE, LEED, and Beyond!

Standard 189.1 – Design of High-

Performance Green Buildings • Compliments 90.1-2010

• Provides guidance on

• Photovoltaic Usage

• Site Selection

• Water Reduction

• Etc, etc

LEED 2009/2013 • Utilizes 90.1-2007 (Soon to be 2010) as

baseline

• Increase efficiency above the Standard

• Sustainable Design Guide

ASHRAE, LEED, and Beyond!

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