ASER PakistanA citizen led initiative

Azad Jammu and Kashmir LaunchFebruary 7, 2013

ASER PAKISTAN 2010-2015• Citizen led large scale national household

survey (3-16)

• Quality of education in rural and some urban areas (5-16)

• Seeks to provide evidence on learning and access gaps

• Influence National & Provincial policy and actions for RTE.

• Provides information for tracking trends and MDG/EFA Targets up to 2015

• Influence Goal Setting for Post-2015 Agenda

Section I: Scale of Survey

ASER 2012 – SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION

- 10 Districts- 5885 Households- 15,261 Children- 551 Schools

Section II: Access (Schooling)

ASER Survey Sheets

Neelam has the highest number of out-of-school children

% Children who attend different types of pre-schools

Age group Govt.

Non-state providers Out-of-school Total

Pvt. Madrasah Others

3 4.6 6.1 0.2 0.0 89.1 100

4 20.5 24.6 0.4 0.1 54.4 100

5 44.8 37.5 0.2 0.2 17.4 100

3-5 23.8 23.0 0.3 0.1 52.8 100

Total 47.2 52.8 100

By type 50.5 48.8 0.5 0.2

Pre-School Enrollment (3-5 Years) – Rural

Enrollment (6-16 years) 93% of 6-16 year olds in rural

districts are enrolled in schools.

64% are enrolled in Govt. schools.

% Children in different types of schools % Out-of-school

TotalAge

groupGovt

.Non-state providers Never

enrolledDrop-

outPvt. Madrasah Others

6-10 56.3 38.2 0.4 0.2 4.2 0.7 100

11-13 63.1 30.1 0.8 0.2 2.6 3.2 100

14-16 61.3 23.5 0.6 0.4 5.1 9.1 100

6-16 59.3 32.4 0.6 0.2 4.1 3.4 100

Total 92.5 7.5 100

By type 64.1 35.0 0.6 0.3

Highest drop-outs between age bracket (14-16)

Out-of-School children (6-16)

Bagh, Sodhnoti and Bhimber have the lowest number of out-of-school children (6-16)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

10

20

30

40

15

5

13 6

Class-wise enrollment2011* 2012

Class

% C

hild

ren

Gender Comparison: Out of School Children (6-16 years) Girl enrollment lags behind boy enrollment in both Government and Private schools The percentage of out-of-school boys and girls decreased to 4% in 2012

Government schools Private schools0

102030405060708090

100

55 5845 42

Enrollment by gender and type of school 6 to 16 years

Boys Girls

% C

hild

ren

2011* 201205

101520253035404550

5 46 4

Out-of-school children by gender6 to 16 years

Boys Girls

% C

hild

ren

Section III: Quality

ASER Pakistan Assessment Tools Grade IIASER Assessment tools are prepared in following Categories• Reading

Urdu Sindhi Pashto

• Arithmetic abilities• English

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

26 44

58 74

26 45

65 74

Children who can read story Urdu

2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Learning Levels – Urdu

Learning levels (URDU) for AJK class 5 have increased by 7% since 2011

Overall, learning levels (Urdu) improved from last year

Despite improvement since 2011, 35% children in Class 5 cannot read Class 2 Urdu Story.

Learning Levels (Class 5): Urdu/Sindhi/Pashto

36%

46%43%

56%

65%55%

67%

40%

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

26

43

60

73

22

40

58 69

Children who can read English sen-tences

2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Learning Levels - English

Learning levels (English) for AJK Class 5 have decreased by 2% since 2011

Only 58% of Class 5 students in AJK can read a Class 2 level English sentence in 2012.

g

Learning Levels (Class 5): English

32%25%

61%

62%

58%

68%47%

50%

Learning Levels - Arithmetic

Learning levels (Arithmetic) for AJK for class 5 have remained same since 2011

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 60

20

40

60

80

100

17

32 44

63

16 28

44

57

Children who can do division

2011* 2012

% C

hild

ren

Only 44% of Class 5 students can do Class 2 Division.

Learning Levels (Class 5): Arithmetic

44%

34%

42%

56%

56%

44%

27%

56%

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

57 59

Learning levels by gender Arithmetic

Who can at least do subtraction

% C

hild

rern

Girls Boys0

20

40

60

80

100

65 67

Learning levels by gender English

Who can read at least words

% C

hild

ren

Learning levels – Gender Comparison (5-16)

In all three categories, girls marginally lag behind boys in learning levels.

Girls Boys0

20406080

100

60 62

Learning levels by genderUrdu

Who can read at least sentences

% C

hild

ren

Overall, learning levels of boys continue to be higher than girls.

Learning Levels – Out-of-School Children (5-16) Even Out-of-School children were Tested:

Beginner Number recognition

1-9

Number recognition

10-99

Subtration Division0

20

40

60

80

100

67

12 6 7 8

Learning levels: out-of-school children Arithmetic

% C

hild

ren

Beginner Capital let-ters

Small let-ters

Words Sentences0

20

40

60

80

100

69

9 6 6 10

Learning levels: out-of-school children English

% C

hild

ren

Beginner Letters Words Sentences Story 0

20

40

60

80

100

69

10 7 6 9

Learning levels: out-of-school children Urdu

%C

hild

ren

• Modest percentage of out-of-school children are at beginner level in all three categories.

Learning levels Public vs. Private (5-16 boys and girls)

49% of Class 5 students in Private school can do division compared to 42% students in Government schools

Class 1: Can read at least

letters

Class 3: Can read at least

sentences

Class 5: Can read at least

story

0

20

40

60

80

10085

5164

89

5467

Learning levels by school type Urdu

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

Class 1: Can read at least small letters

Class 3: Can read at least

words

Class 5: Can read at least sentences

0

20

40

60

80

100

5161 5662 64 63

Learning levels by school typeEnglish

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

Class 1: Can recognize at

least numbers (10-99)

Class 3: Can at least do subtraction

Class 5: Can at least do

division

0

20

40

60

80

100

41 42 4255

47 49

Learning levels by school typeArithmetic

Government Private

% C

hild

ren

Private school students are performing better than Government school students.

There is highest incidence of tuition in Class 10 students in Private schools with 29%

Additional learning support – Paid Tuition

9% Government and 20% Private enrolled children take paid tuitions in AJK.

Paid private tuition trend is higher in Private schools.

2011* 20120

20

40

60

80

100

7 914 20

Children attending paid tuition

Government schools Private schools

% C

hild

ren

Class-wise % children attending paid tuition

Type I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

Govt. 9.4 10 8.2 9.6 12 10.5 9.1 8.7 7.9 8.4

Pvt. 22.7 18.5 17.1 17.8 21.7 22.7 20.8 23.2 23.9 28.9

Section IV: School Attendance & Facilities

Attendance (%) on the day of visitGovernment schools Private schools

Primary Elementary High Others Overall Primary Elementary High Others Overall

Children attendance 86.6 89.0 87.5 98.9 87.7 88.2 86.2 89.4 79.9 87.7

Teacher attendance 86.9 84.9 89.0 92.2 87.6 84.0 89.8 85.3 88.2 86.7

Attendance - Students and Teachers

12% children were absent on the day of survey in both Government and Private schools

Teacher attendance in both Government and Private schools was 12% and 13% respectively.

Multi-Grade Classes

• 40% grade 2 students in government schools and 28% grade 2 students in private schools sit with other classes.

• However, for Class 8, 19% students in Private schools sit with other classes compared to 15% in Government schools.

Class 2 Class 80

20

40

60

80

100

40

1528

19

Multi grade teachingGovernment Private

% S

choo

lsMulti-Grade Teaching: When one teacher has to teach more than one classes at a time

Basic Facilities

64% primary Government schools still do not have toilet facilities.43% primary Private schools still do not have toilet facilities.

Private schools outperform government schools in terms of basic facilities

Playground Boundary wall

Playground Boundary wall

Government Private

0

20

40

60

80

100

2839 38

53

1934 36 38

Playground and boundary wall facility in primary schools

2011 2012

%Pr

imar

y sc

hool

s

Toilet Water Toilet WaterGovernment Private

0

20

40

60

80

100

4250

7482

36

57 57

81

Water and toilet facility in primary schools

2011 2012

% P

rimar

y sc

hool

s

Section V: Other dimensions that influence teaching and learning

Mother tongue/ Home Language• ASER 2012 survey findings revealed that 15 different

languages were used in the surveyed households in AJK.

• Four languages used commonly were;• Hindko (34%)• Pahari (21%)• Urdu (15%)• Punjabi (15%)

• Fifteen percent of the remaining households used other languages

Other Languages included : Gujrati, Potwari, Kashmiri, Persion , Pashto, Brahvi, English, Marwari, Bolari and Chitrali

Households’ preferred medium of instruction in school

• Each household surveyed was also asked their preferred medium of instruction for their children in schools.

• 70% percent of the households preferred Urdu as the medium of instruction in schools.• Private schools showed a significant trend towards English medium instruction at 68% English

Medium institutions.

For households, preferred medium of instruction was Urdu.

English13%

Urdu69%

Home language

17%

English Urdu0

20

40

60

80

100

3

97

68

32

Medium of instruction in schools

Government Private

Preferred Medium of Instruction (Households)

Actual Medium of Instruction (Schools)

Mothers Fathers0

20

40

60

80

100

48

64

Parents having at least primary schooling

% P

aren

ts

Parental Education48% mothers vs.64% fathers have completed primary education.

More than half of mothers had NOT completed primary schooling.

Section VI: How far have we come on RTE compliance?

How can ASER 2012 inform the planning, drafting, resourcing and implementation of 25-A?

ASER can help assess education with respect to :QualityAccessEquity

Planning according to district based assessment – generating District Report Cards (DRCs) linked to the Roadmap to Reforms and/or Sector Plans of the Provincial Governments .

Holding ASER Baithaks in ASER survey villages, parents, communities with parliamentarians and political holding ALL to account for ACTION!

Use of ASER data and teams for focusing on gender & the excluded groups

Forming District RTE Vigilante Committees mobilizing coalitions, teachers, youth, media and bar associations.

Action to RTE 25 A Implementation• Milestone achievement: “The Right to Free and Compulsory

Education Act 2012” - challenge is tracking implementation• ASER data to help in drafting of RTE Acts & using ASER

data for continued advocacy on Right to Education (RTE) 25 A

• Each province has district by district data for addressing gaps in access, quality, equity/gender and financing

• Continued Dialogues with Parliamentarians and Politicians in 2013 for elections, manifestoes and actionable steps that can be tracked

• Linking the ASER information to national data and GMR /UN Human Development Reports /others in the run up to 2015 & post 2015 debates

ASER 2012 Supporters & Partners

Thank You

www.aserpakistan.orgASER-PakistanASERPAKISTAN

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