ase int to aero updated

8/7/2019 ase int to aero updated

1/21

Introduction to Aerospace Engg.(Passenger comfort, Navigatin and Communication, and Power actuated systems)

Dr. Om Prakash

Aerospace Engineering

UPES, Dehradun


2/21

Introduction to Aerospace Engg.

Dr. Om Prakash, UPES, Dehradun2

y INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHT VEHICLES

y PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT MECHANICS

y PRINCIPLES OF AEROSPACE PROPULSIONS

y AEROSPACE VEHICLE STRUCTURE

y PASSENGER COMFORT SYSTEMS

y NAVIGATION & COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

y POWER ACTUATED SYSTEMS


3/21

Contents


y PASSENGER COMFORT SYSTEMS: Need for Pressurizing theCabin, Pressuring System, Oxygen Arrangements, AirConditioning System, Control of Temperature Integrated AirConditioning System.

y NAVIGATION & COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: DifferentNavigation Methods, Dead Reckoning, Astronavigation, RatioAids, Positive Fixing, Related modern instruments. Instrumentslanding system, HF & VHF System, Simple Description ofCommunication Systems using Earth Station & Satellites,

Networks Communication System.y POWER ACTUATED SYSTEMS: Hydraulic System: details &

various components, Selector & Sequence, Switches, Electro-Hydro-Mechanical System, Pneumatic System, Auto Pilot System


4/21

PASSENGER COMFORT SYSTEMS:


y Need for Pressurizing the Cabin, Pressuring System (Ref [1]

, pp. 539-542)

yOxygen Arrangements (Ref [1] , pp. 587-589)

y Air Conditioning System (Ref [1] , pp.558-561)

y Control of Temperature Integrated Air Conditioning System.

(Ref [1] , pp. 565-568)

Ref [1]: Airframe and Powerplant MECHANICS (AirframeBook), FAA


5/21

PASSENGER COMFORT SYSTEM (PRESSURIZATION)

y Need for Pressurizing the Cabiny Less fuel for given speed at high altitude

y Pressure decreases with altitude

y Assure adequate passenger comfort and safety

y Fast exchange of air from inside to outside the cabin

y Basic Requirementsy Source of cabin pressure: engine compressor, supercharger,

air bled from engine

y Pressure regulator for controlling cabin pressure

y Pressure relief valve to limit cabin pressure

y Heat exchanger of refrigeration system for regulation

y Sealing of cabin to prevent leakagey Cabin design to with stand pressure differential

y Typical Pressurizing systems

5 Dr. Om Prakash, UPES, Dehradun


6/21

Contd. (Oxygen system)

y Oxygeny Atmosphere consists of 21% oxygen

y Less oxygen at high altitude

y Passenger comfort

y Continuous Flow System Pressure-Demand System



7/21


8/21

Contd.

y Typical pressurization

and Air Conditioning

system



9/21

POWER ACTUATED SYSTEMS:


y Hydraulic System: details & various components [Ref. [1],

pp315-316]

ySelector & Sequence, Switches [Ref. [1], pp329-330]

y Electro-Hydro-Mechanical System [To be covered]

y Pneumatic System [Ref. [1], pp511-515]

y Auto Pilot System [Ref. [1], pp511-515]


10/21

Power Actuated Systems

y Hydraulic Systemsy Light weight, ease of installation, minimum maintenance, simple for inspections

y Operations: Landing gears, wing flaps, flight control surfaces, wheel brake

y 100 % efficient, minimum number of components

y Basic Hydraulic Systemy Hand pump

y Power driven pump

y Reservoirs

y Actuating Cylinder

ySelector Valves



11/21

Basic Hydraulic System



12/21

Basic Hydraulic System

y Selector Valves



13/21

Pneumatic System

y Employ air for transmitting power in hydraulic

systems

y Brakes, opening and closing of doors, deriving pumps,

Operating emergency devices

y High pressure: air bottles

y Medium pressure: air from jet engine compressors

y Low pressure: vane-type pump in reciprocating

engine aircraft

y Components: Relief Valves, Control Valves, CheckValves, Restrictor, Filters, Air Bottles, Lines and

Tubing



14/21


15/21

Auto Pilot System

y Basic Auto Pilot system



16/21

Auto Pilot System

y Block Diagram



17/21

Auto Pilot Systemy Components



18/21


19/21

Navigation and Communication

y Safe aircraft operation

yvoice transmission and reception between aircraft or aircraft andground

y Navigational Aids: Marker beakons receivers, Instrument

landing system, radar, area navigation system, Omni-direction

radio receivers



20/21

Contd.

y

VHF (Very High Frequency)communication systemy Operate in range of 108.0 Hz to 135.95Hz

y Radio waves follow approx. straight line

y Distance is determined by the heights of transmitting and receiving antenas

y Have transmitter, receiver, power supply, operating controls into single unit

y HF (High Frequency) communication systemy Used for long range communication

y Operates in range of 3 MHz to 30 Mhz

y Longer transmission range

y HF transmitter have high power output

y Low speed aircraft: Long wire antenna;

y High speed aircraft: antenna probes in vertical stabilizer



21/21

Contd.

yNavigation Methods

y Doppler Navigations

y Inertial Navigation


ase int to aero updated

Documents