aryans final
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
1/28
AryansBy: Yihang, En noi, Sichuan
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
2/28
Content
Vedic Reglion
Economic lifeSociety and political
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
3/28
Vedic ReligionHinduism & Buddhism
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
4/28
AryansBelong to the Indo-
European group from
Central Asia
Settled in North-West India
at approx. 1500 B.C.From here, they
gradually spread east
wards across the
Gangetic Plains andbuilt large kingdoms
throughout much of
northern India.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
5/28
Hinduism
Results from a blending over time of the religious
beliefs of the Indus Valley peoples and the Aryan
invaders. It is best thought of not as a single religion
but as a family of related religions.
Bhagavad Gita is the most important text of
Hinduism.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
6/28
Nature of Hinduism:Important within the idea of reincarnation are the concepts ofDharma and Karma.
Dharma refers to the fulfillment of an individual's appropriate
moral duty
All creatures and things on the earth have souls, so all life must be
respected.
Hindus assert their religion is monotheistic, even though they
honor a number of gods, including Brahma the Creator, Vishnu thePreserver, and Shiva the Destroyer.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
7/28
Brahma the Creator.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
8/28
Shiva, the Destroyer
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
9/28
What happen? 600- 321 B.C
527 B.C, Siddhartha
Gautama founded the
religion of Buddhism, a
profoundly influential
work of human thought
still espoused by much
of the world.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
10/28
BuddhismFounder: Siddhartha Gautama (c. 563-483
BC)
A northern Indian aristocrat who was
troubled by questions concerning the
meaning of life and the existence of
suffering and death in the world.
His quest lasted six years and involved
philosophic meditation and the most
extreme forms of asceticism, or bodily self
denial.
He became Buddha, or "the Enlightened
One.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
11/28
Character of Buddhism:Buddha accepted much of traditional Hinduism
The Four Noble Truths are:
1) Sorrow and suffering must be endured by all;
2) suffering and sorrow result from the greedy desire forpleasure and possessions which people cannot have;
3) escape from such suffering and sorrow is achieved by giving
up such desires and by reaching a state of mind of "notwanting;" and
4) reaching a state of enlightenment and perfect peace callednirvana by following the Middle Way (the avoidance of worldly
pleasure and extreme asceticism), or the Eightfold Path.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
12/28
Buddhism state religionWithin India itself, Buddhism had acurious history.
In the third century BC, King Ashoka
made it the state religion. 321 B.C was
the beginning of one India's greatest
dynasties, the Maurya. Under the
great king Ashoka (268-31 BC)
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
13/28
Conclusion
Although Buddhism would spread its influence across
south and East Asia, it would nearly die out in its
homeland of India.
This was because the Brahmins would adopt many of
Buddhism's ideas and fuse them with their own
practices and the pre-Aryan polytheistic beliefs of the
people.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
14/28
Economic life: their
occupationsAgriculture
Discovery of Iron
Domestication of animals
Trade
Other occupations and
Industries
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
15/28
Agriculture
Progressed and prospered economicallyAgriculture was the chief means of
livelihood.
Fields cultivated by a pair of oxen.Agricultural products barley, wheat,
rice, cotton, oilseeds
Source of irrigation water
wells, canals,sometimes from lakes
People depended upon rains
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
16/28
Discovery of Iron
Different rulers equipped their armies withdifferent weapons such as swords, shields,
arrow-heads, spear-heads etc.- laid the
foundation of vast empires.Iron was suited better for making tools &
weapons compared to copper or bronze
Iron was used in making axe-heads used
for clearing jungles and making land fit for
cultivation
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
17/28
Discovery of IronLed to the development of various
arts & crafts like carpentry, black-smithy, tannery etc.
Iron tools helped sculptor in creatingexquisite specimens of sculpturesand rock-cut temples.
Other products made were sickles,hoes, plough-heads
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
18/28
Domestication of
animalsDomestication of animals wasanother important occupation
Wealth and prosperity dependedon the possession of a largenumber of animals [especiallycows. ]
Other animals domesticated bulls,oxen, horses, sheep, goats, asses,& dogs.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
19/28
TradeThey were not indifferent to trade &
commerce.
Cow was regarded as the standard of
value.Coinage known as Nishka was also
prevalent.
Barter System Exchange of articles invogue.
Sea-borne trade was carried on by theAryans.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
20/28
Other occupations andIndustries
Indulged in many other professions &occupations;
goldsmiths, blacksmiths, weavers,leather's, potters & physicians.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
21/28
Aryan society. Vedic period
Aryans are made up of many different tribes whichdeveloped while retaining a certain identity, habits,
behaviours from their predecessors.
They adopted the settled agricultural lifestyle of theirpredecessors.
Eventually at around 600 BC. Republics and
Monarchies were formed.
Society
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
22/28
Aryan society. Vedic period
Class differentiation between those who ruled or thosewho laboured
Another division of society which cuts across simpleclass structure
Family was the most important social unit ( Rigveda hasmany hymn which describes the family)
Eventually at around 600 BC. Republics andMonarchies were formed.
Society
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
23/28
Aryan society. Vedic period
Boxing and wrestling (entertainment for low-castes)
Archery was popular with higher classesPopular festivals (Festival of Spring). Even respectablepeople forget their castes. *
Gambling, Board games played with dices
Vegetarianism became widespread under Ashoka and the2 religion.
Clothes were simple but ornaments were complex(compare
to present)
Society
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
24/28
Aryans of the Republics
They occupied the foothills of Himalayans.
Vedic orthodoxy meant that republics weremaintaining and older tribal tradition compared to
monarchies
Birth place of a Buddhism and Jainism
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
25/28
Aryans of the Monarchies
Influenced by the Persian ideas during the 486-465 BC because Indian mercenaries wereinvolved in the battle.
Conflict between rising new ideas not onlyreligious but philosophical ideas.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
26/28
Aryans of the Monarchies
Growth of towns
Expansion of artisan class, each guild inhabiteda certain area. Artisans work together and had a
close-knit relationship. In most cases the sonsfollowed the fathers profession.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
27/28
Debatable social issues
1. When the Aryans came and interminglewith the Dravidians, what pushed theDravidians towards south? Was it aninvasion? Or was it a slow societalprocess where one group of people getssidelined and forced to move away.
2. Many sources mention that Aryans usedchariots to conquer the land. Byconquer, do they mean war or simplymoving in and staying with the with theDravidians.
-
8/2/2019 Aryans Final
28/28
References
Thapar, Romila (2004) Early India: from origins to AD 1300, pp.50-69.University of California Press.
Habib, I., Thakur, V, K. (2003) The Vedic Age and the coming of Iron.New Delhi: Tulika. Pp.3-20