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ARTS 7 First Quarter – Module 5

Creation of Arts and Crafts of Luzon - (Highlands and Lowlands) Attire, Fabrics, and Tapestries

What I Need to Know In the Philippines, textiles have unique designs, characteristics, materials, functions and uses. The process of

making their textiles, tapestries, attires and fabrics is called weaving. It is a tradition that dates back several centuries and is an intrinsic part of the Filipino culture. Our ancestors make their own design using their knowledge and techniques in making textiles and fabrics. It is important for them to preserve their traditional styles in creating the said crafts.

In this module, you will learn how to creates crafts that can be locally assembled with local materials, guided by local traditional techniques (e.g., habi, lilip, etc). - (A7PR-Ic-e-1) derives elements from traditions/history of a community for one’s artwork. - (A7PR-If-2) shows the relationship of the development of crafts in specific areas of the country, according to functionality, traditional specialized expertise, and availability of resources (e.g. pottery, weaving, jewelry, baskets). - (A7PR-If-3) and shows the relationship of Luzon (highlands and lowlands) arts and crafts to Philippine culture, traditions, and history (Islamic influences, Spanish heritage, and American legacies in education, business, modernization, and entertainment, as well as in indigenous practices, fiestas, and religious and social practices) (A7PR-Ih-4)

Specifically, you will be able to: a. determine the different materials and techniques used in attire, fabrics, and tapestries production in

the Highlands and lowlands of Luzon; and b. appreciate the weaving techniques of Luzon by determining the proper used of elements

and principles of art and how it reflects their culture.

Highlands and lowlands of Luzon are rich in fabric or textiles, attires and tapestries. Fabric or textile is a cloth produced by weaving, knitting, tufting, knotting or bonding together using natural or synthetic threads, yarns, and other materials. Attire refers to the clothes or outfits worn by the group of people in a specific area or community. Tapestry corresponds to any piece of decorative fabric to where the designs were originally applied through weaving as the fabric is being made. It is used to cover furniture or floors, hang on walls and clothing decorations. There are proper and unique techniques in weaving of raw materials used in highlands and lowlands of Luzon.

ILOCOS REGION Textile/ Fabric Inabel fabric is made of cotton and well known for its softness, beautiful designs, and strength. Ilocanos use the wooden or pedal loom or what they call pangablan, applied through several weaving techniques and features different designs or patterns. One of their techniques is the double-toned basket weave or dizzying binakul weave that represents the sea waves. They believe that it protects the one wearing it from evil spirits. Another technique is the suk-suk or discontinuous supplementary weft technique. Among the complicated ones is the brocade weave or pinilian which uses sticks inserted on selected warp threads to create suk-suk designs that float on the threads. There are two kinds of pinilian: scattered and continuous supplementary weft techniques. The weavers of Pinili, Ilocos Norte are said to be adept in the simultaneous warp and weft-float type of pinilian called the impalagto, a technique unique in the town.These patterns depict different land forms, colors of flowers and vegetations, paid zigzags, animal patterns, ocean waves, glittering night sky and the like. These are the designs inspired by natural elements that can be seen on their textiles. Attire Pinilian

The traditional Ilocano dress made from inabel came in a two-piece ensemble – blouse and skirt. The blouse called kimona is either plain white or pastel, usually with a cowl neckline. The full-length skirt called pandiling is cone-shaped with a drawstring around the waist. The designs of the weave are inspired by things in nature such as diamonds, milky way, shells and stripes or checkered. The dress is worn over a full slip called kamison. The tsinelas meanwhile, is a pair everyday footwear made of leather, while the formal footwear called

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kutso are made of beaded felt and leather which are worn on Sundays and fiestas.

Kimono pandiling kamison

Tapestries

A hand woven wrap-around cloth called tapis is a rectangular- shaped, vibrantly

colored cotton fabric traditionally worn by Ilocanos. It serves as clothing decoration that compliments to the pandiling.

Another tapestry from Ilocos Region is their blankets. The wasig blankets with striped design are hundred percent originally handwoven by the artistic weavers of Bangar, La Union. They use abel weaving practices on a 2-pedal traditional wooden loom. Each blanket is literally a work of art which continuously preserves the beauty and usefulness of itself for years.

Wasig Blanket

CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (CAR) KALINGA

Textile/Fabric

The natives of Kalinga are skilled in terms of weaving. They exhibit motifs as

though they are embedded in the geometry itself. The upper Kalinga weavers put textures on the striped bands using a twill-weaved technique. This technique is made when the weft thread passes over two or more warp threads and repeats that design one warp thread over so that a diagonal or oblique line is formed. Some characteristics of Kalinga textiles are tiny motifs, patterns and embellishments, including miniature lattice, continuous lozenges pattern, locally called inata-ata, and pawekan or mother of pearl platelets, among others. The colors used in their textile have cultural meanings: red signifies bravery; black is for the soil or land; white is for the flowers and coffee trees; yellow for the sand; and green for the mountains.

Attire

The attire for Male Kalingas is the “bag” or commonly called bahag. It is a long textile or fabric measuring about ten to fifteen inches wide and three

to five feet long. It is used to cover their private parts and is firmly secured at the waist to prevent the cloth from falling off. Some of them include their costume a head gear with feathers and some arm bands.

Females of northern Kalingas wear saya, an ordinary woman’s skirt covering the body from waist to feet. In the old times, both male and female have no upper clothing. They only have tattoos which covers their upper body.

Tapestries

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Southern Kalinga women wear a tapis called kain-- a large rectangular woven clothing about three to five feet wide, and three to four feet long. It is worn below the abdomen and reaches below the knee. Meanwhile, the cotton blanket called kagoy came from malbakan. It is a large rectangular blanket made of three strips of material sewn together. It consists of color white cloth with red, yellow and green stripes.

BONTOC

Textile/Fabric

Bontoc people are skilled weavers too. Their weaving method is called ikat, -- process of tying and dyeing the threads to prepare the patterns before they are woven into the textile. A key factor in their life is seen on their textile design that revolves around the idea of ‘centeredness’ which symbolizes permanence, order and balance.

Young Bontoc girls usually start their training with the simplest part of the cloth, the langkit or edging. Next, they move on to pa-ikid (side panels), Bontoc

weaving / cloth leaning to simple designs such as fatawil (warp-bands) and shukyong (arrows). After mastering this level, they move on

to the most challenging part, the sinangad-am design which represents the Sinamaki weaving.

Attire Bontoc weaving / cloth Bahag or wanes is the traditional attire of men in Bontoc. It is made from long strips of hand woven loin cloth. The women wear a short and lufid, a narrow wrap-around skirt which covers

the navel down to the knees and has a side opening.

Attire of Bontoc female

Tapestries Bontoc and Kankanay women in Northern Cordillera people wears a type of belt called ginaspalawanes once they get married. It is decorated with continuous zigzag patterns woven in double faced with braided warps that end as tassels. ginaspalawanes

CAGAYAN VALLEY Nueva Vizcaya Textile/Fabric

Gaddangs textiles of Nueva Vizcaya are usually decorated with little seed beads. They also use the twill-weave technique because they are located near Ifugao, Benguet and Quirino. Their textiles are very symbolic, from plain to intricate floating warps, "eye" designs and beautiful colorful twills. These textiles are woven by the women from homegrown cotton, and dyed in bright natural colors.

Gaddang textile

Attire

The attire of Gaddang women is long- sleeve, round-neck, collarless and waist- length blouse. An upper collarless, short garment is also worn, together with headkerchiefs. They have lavishly tasseled and beaded headbands and combs. The traditional costume for the Gaddang male is the G-string, which is held by a girdle, whose flap is weighted on the hem by beaded tassles.

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Tapestries

Another work of art of Gaddang women is "tapis" or skirt. It is a lengthy piece of cotton cloth worn around the waistline down to the knees.

Bakwat is a cloth that serves as belt by the mother after giving birth.

The center part of this cloth is commonly decorated with white beads accents embellished in patterns which represent rivers and mountain.

ACTIVITIES Task 5.1 - Enrichment Activity 1 Instruction: List down the materials and techniques in making fabric, attires and tapestries given in the first column.

Fabric/Textiles Materials used Techniques used

1. Inabel Textiles/cloth

2. Kalinga Weave/Cloth

3. Bontoc Weave/ Cloth

4. Gaddang textiles/ cloth

Attire

1. pandiling

2. Bahag

3. Lufid

4. G- string

Tapestries

1. Wasig blankets

2. Kagoy blankets

3. Ginaspalawanes

4. Bakwat

Task 5.2 - Enrichment Activity 2

Instruction: Describe the following pictures based on their designs.

Inabel Kalinga Bontoc Gaddang

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ARTS 7 First Quarter – Module 6

Creation of Arts and Crafts of Luzon (Highlands and Lowlands)

Crafts and Accessories and Body Ornamentation What I Need to Know

It has been said that Philippines has unique design, characteristics, materials, functions and used in terms of its textile design. Weaving, as an ancient tradition of textile art and craft that dates back in several centuries, involves the process of making textile, tapestries, attire and fabrics which is considered as an intrinsic part of Filipino culture. Nowadays, it is one of the sources of income of the compatriots in our country.

Aside from textile or fabric designing, there are crafts which are also part of the traditions of Luzon’s highlands and lowlands. One of these is the accessories that beautify their looks and attires and serve as charms and symbols for different occasions in their communities. An additional design to the body which uses small fancy object to make it attractive and less plain is the ornaments.

In this module, you will learn how to creates crafts that can be locally assembled with local materials, guided by local traditional techniques (e.g., habi, lilip, etc). - (A7PR-Ic-e-1) derives elements from traditions/history of a community for one’s artwork. - (A7PR-If-2) shows the relationship of the development of crafts in specific areas of the country, according to functionality, traditional specialized expertise, and availability of resources (e.g. pottery, weaving, jewelry, baskets). - (A7PR-If-3) and shows the relationship of Luzon (highlands and lowlands) arts and crafts to Philippine culture, traditions, and history (Islamic influences, Spanish heritage, and American legacies in education, business, modernization, and entertainment, as well as in indigenous practices, fiestas, and religious and social practices) (A7PR-Ih-4)

Specifically, you will be able to: 1. Determine the different materials and techniques used in crafts and accessories, and body ornamentation

in the highlands and lowlands of Luzon; and 2. Appreciate the pottery, amulets, jewelries, and tattoo techniques of Luzon through determining the proper

used of elements and principles of art and how

it reflects the culture.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Do you have the following accessories? Which of these do you like? Can you identify the materials used in making these accessories and crafts?

Crafts, Accessories Illustrations Materials and Body

Ornamentation

1. Flower vase

2. Bracelet

3. Anklet

4. Necklace

5. Henna tattoo

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Look around or imagine the places that you have been into. Can you see crafts or potteries displayed? What are the materials used? Considering the tribes and groups of people in the highlands and lowlands of Luzon, one can say how rich their culture is. There are a lot of art forms present in the said place.

To name some, one of the arts and crafts of the Ilocanos is the burnay pottery. It is the unglazed earthen jar with small opening. The potters mix fine gravel, sand, and ashes and fire the clay to make the burnay heavy and sturdy. Simple designs like curve patterns can be applied around the shoulders of the jar. Pricking the jar with a stick while it is still soft being another style to make the surface more interesting. Burnay jars Another art of Kalinga is tattooing. It is considered as clothing and decoration

because it covers their chest and arms. Wang- Od is the last “mambabatok” or traditional tattoo artist. She uses charcoal and water that is tapped into the skin through a thorn end. The first step is craping the charcoal (uling) from the rice pot while it cooks over the fire. Second, the charcoal or uling collected from the pot is combined with local fresh water to form the paste called merteka. The merteka is fine-tuned by kneading with Wang Od’s fingertips. Using dry straw, she lays out the pattern for the design. She bends the full length of the stalk and dip them into the hand- made pigment, creating a stencil of the tattoo. Thorns from pomelo tree serve as the needle. She tests their sharpness on her own ankle to begin. This painful tattoo technique is said to be a thousand years old. Wang-Od

pambabatok

Ling-ling-o or dinumug is the amulet of the Ifugaos. This is made from jade, gold, copper, bronze, stone, and other materials. The kind of material used for personal ornaments suggests differences in social standing. The ling- ling-o made from gold or brass pendants and earrings still survives among the Ifugao

and the Igorot in Northern Philippines. Nowadays, many examples are made of shells and gold\ which are worn around the Ifugao’s neck and serve as fertility symbols for Ifugao tribes.

Jewelry industry is prominent in Meycauayan, Bulacan. Craftsmen

fashion trinkets from precious metal such as gold and silver, and precious and semi-precious stones, pearls and diamonds. A jeweler makes and repairs jewelry such as bonds, cuts, and shapes and at the same time, he or she is the one who sells his/her work. Some designs such as those found in antique jewelries are completely hand crafted because these cannot be done by machines.

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ACTIVITES Task 6.1 Enrichment Activity 1

Determine whether the materials given on the left side are used to make a TATTOO, AMULETS, JEWELY and POTTERY. Choose your answer on the box and write your answer on your paper or answer sheet.

1. Precious stones 2. Charcoal 3. Diamonds AMULETS TATTOO 4. Sand 5. Wood 6. Thorn from a plant 7. Gravel 8. Hand-made pigment POTTERY JEWELY 9. Shell 10. Bronze 11. Pearls 12. Clay

Task 6.2 Enrichment Activity 2

Complete the following statements by supplying the right word/s from the box below. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Charcoal Jeweler Mertika

Decoration Damugmug Ling –ling-o

1. She uses _______ and water that is tapped onto the skin through a thorn end.

2. It is considered as clothing and_________ because it covers the Ifugao’s chest and arms.

3. _________makes, and repairs jewelry such as bonds, cuts, and shapes and at the same time he/ she is the one who sells his/her work.

4. Uling is combined with local fresh water, forms a paste, the ink that is called__________

5. The ____________form made of gold or brass pendants and earrings still survived among the Ifugao and the Igorot in Northern Philippines.

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MODULE 7 Creation of Arts and Crafts of Luzon (Highlands and Lowlands) Architecture

Learning Competencies The learner: 1. creates crafts that can be locally assembled with local materials, guided by local traditional techniques (e.g., hab lilip, etc). (A7PR-Ic-e-1) 2. derives elements from traditions/history of a community for one’s artwork (A7PR-If-2) 3. shows the relationship of the development of crafts in specific areas of the country, according to functionality, traditional specialized expertise, and availability of resources (e.g. pottery, weaving, jewelry, baskets) (A7PR-If-3) 4. shows the relationship of Luzon (highlands and lowlands) arts and crafts to Philippine culture, traditions, and history (Islamic influences, Spanish heritage, and American legacies in education, business, modernization, and entertainment, as well as in indigenous practices, fiestas, and religious and social practices) (A7PR-Ih-4) WHAT I NEED TO KNOW Luzon is the biggest among the three major island in the Philippines. There are churches which serve as the symbols of Christianity that brought and still bring values in the community. Meanwhile, houses in Luzon have its own characteristics, designs, and materials. The best architectures fit well in these houses. Broadly speaking, architecture is much more than that because each aspect of arts gives unique story and prominence. Artworks were artistically planned and crafted like buildings, dome, churches, and the like making each of them stand out from the rest. WHAT I KNOW A. Complete the following statements by supplying the right word/s from the box below. Write your answer on your answer sheet. Calle Crisologo Ivatans’ Houses Spanish Gate Parish of the three Kings San Andres Apostol Parish Church Tumauini Church 1. Old Spanish-type houses in __________________ have huge, high-pitched roofs, large and rectangular living rooms that are made of adobe, bricks, lime, terracotta, hardwood floors, and capiz window panels. 2. ________________is known for the use of coral stones instead of adobe. 3.__________________walls are made of limestones with reed and cogon roofs. 4. __________________ has high walls made from locally-quarried stone. 5. __________________ is made from red bricks ornamented with carvings of flowers, leaves, scallops. WHAT’S NEW Do you recognize the following pictures? There are jumbled letters inside each box. Re-arrange the letters to form a word that will name the picture opposite to it. This will unlock the pictures to be able to reach your destination. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. Are you familiar with the materials illustrated above? What made you identify them easily? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Where can you find those materials? _________________________________________________________________ 3. What structures can be made with those materials?______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________

KIRBCS

4. 3.

1. 2.

LARCO SETNO

STILONEMES

DRRIEAQU SOTNE

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The previous activity guided you to look closely in the materials used in the different architectures such as houses, churches, and other historical landmarks in Highlands and Lowlands of Luzon. In the next parts of the module, you will discover how these materials have something to do with the cultural and geographical background of the place and how it can be localized to modify its distinct characteristics. Let us also discover their techniques in creating their architecture that fits in its surroundings. WHAT IS IT

There are different kinds of materials which can be used in building a house but there are also things to consider especially the location where we will build it. Let’s see the wonder of the architectures of highlands and lowlands of Luzon Calle Crisologo also called “The Heritage Village in Vigan, Ilocos Sur is narrow and cobble-stoned street touches from Spanish colonial architecture. Alongside of its streets are the old Spanish-type houses which have huge, high-pitched roofs, large and rectangular living rooms that are made of adobe, bricks, lime, terracotta, hardwood floors, and capiz window panels.They used mortared bricks and stones for the first floor walls, while the second floors were made largely of timber. They believed that this kind of structure Calle Crisologo proved to weather earthquakes and storms better and can be seen in the preserved houses of Vigan.

Ivatans’ Houses in Batanes Group of Islands have unique architectural forms. Walls are made of limestones with reed and cogon roofs. Their houses are commonly divided into two parts, the house proper and the storage area or the kitchen. The main house is made of lime and stones; it is the larger area. The kitchen or storage area is usually made of wood and thatch. The ceiling is significantly lowered around 1.60-2.00 meters high only and has smaller openings for door and window to preserve the temperature warm on its Ivatans’ House interiors. The structure, design and materials are chosen because they are strong enough to withstand the numerous typhoons and earthquakes that hit the group of Islands because of its geographic location.

Another amazing architecture in Luzon is the San Matias Parish Church or commonly known Tumauini Church in municipality of Tumauini, Isabela. It is an ultra-baroque church architecture and well-known for its extensive useof red bricks. It also ornamented with carvings of flowers, leaves, scallops, saints, religious symbols and other Tumauini Church fanciful motifs. The façade is flanked by two pseudo-Corinthian columns and niches, one located above the entrance and the two remaining larger niches on each side of the column. The cylindrical belfry of the church looks like a huge wedding cake because of its design motifs like laces, hearts and beads.

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Another amazing architecture in Luzon is the San Matias Parish Church or commonly known Tumauini Church in municipality of Tumauini, Isabela. It is an ultra-baroque church architecture and well-known for its extensive useof red bricks. It also ornamented with carvings of flowers, leaves, scallops, saints, religious symbols and other Tumauini Church fanciful motifs. The façade is flanked by two pseudo- Corinthian columns and niches, one located above the entrance and the two remaining larger niches on each side of the column. The cylindrical belfry of the church looks like a huge wedding cake because of its design motifs like laces, hearts and beads. Subic Spanish Gate in Olongapo City, Zambales has high walls made from locally-quarried stone connected to the south gate that faced the waterfront. This also served as the West Gate of the arsenal and faced the Spanish-era settlement of Olongapo. It was used as prison facility, entrance and exit gate to the naval station during the Spanish and American occupations.

The San Andres Apostol Parish in Masinloc, Zambales is known for the use of coral stones instead of adobe. The front of the church is divided into the triangular pediment: two horizontal sections and three vertical ones. Church San Andreas Apostol Parish façade is mostly a semi gothic style with Neo-classic structures. The saints are placed on the first level, windows with rectangular shapes on the second, and decorative carved niche of the patron saint and geometric carving and medallions on the pediment. The architrave was decorated with triglyphs between the pediment and the second level which gives a classical appearance to the church. The front of the church is divided into the triangular pediment: two horizontal sections and three vertical ones. Its belfry is composed of circular columns topped by a

lantern and a cross. WHAT’S MORE In this activity, you will be able to enhance your illustration skills and creative imagination in making architectural designs. Let’s start from planning your simple dream house. List down or label the materials which will be used in building your house. Identify also your preferred house location. Draw your design on a separate sheet of paper.

MY DREAM HOUSE 1. What are the special characteristics of your design that makes it different from the other illustrations? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Based on your design, give at least three elements of arts used and explain its importance. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Arts 7

Quarter 1 – Module 8 Creation of Arts and Crafts of Luzon (Highlands and Lowlands) – Sculpture

What I need to know

The 8th module in Art 7 (Quarter 1) contains the detailed discussion about the sculptures from Luzon focuses on the elements and principles of arts which can be observed on the designs. Also, this module will guide you to create a sculpture which incorporates the elements and principles of arts. In this module, you will be able to:

A. determine the different materials and techniques used in sculpture in the Highlands and lowlands of Luzon; B. make or draw sculpture using local materials and techniques; C. appreciate sculpture works through determining the proper used of elements and principles of art and how it reflects the

culture and history of the place.

Sculpture is the art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster. There’s a wide variety of medium that can be used in sculpture both additive and subtractive process. Some of these are Polymer Clay, Earth clay, Play Dough, Soap, Plaster of Paris, Wax, Balsa Wood, Paper mache etc. Additive sculpting processes involve adding materials to “build up” the sculpture. Subtractive processes rely on the removal of the material to “reveal” the sculpture.

One example of subtractive

process is the sculpture practiced by the Natives of Cordillera”. Ifugao has a wooden sculpture called bul’ul that represents the rice granary spirits.

Activity 1: Analyze the following pictures. Write S if the process used in the picture is Subtractive and A if it is Additive.

Higantes of Angono in Rizal Province are big papier machè of human figures that represent farmers and fishermen. These big papier machè is considered as assemblage and additive sculpture.

Another example of subtractive process is the “Ukit” or wood carving in Paete, Laguna,

REMEMBER ME…

• Sculpture is the art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract forms,

• especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster.

• Additive sculpting processes involve adding materials to “build up” the sculpture

• Subtractive processes rely on the removal of the material

to “reveal” the sculpture.

1. ________

_

2. ________

_

3. ________

_

4. ________

_

5. ________

_

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Activity 2: In this activity you will be able to enhance your illustration skills and creative imagination in designing sculptures. First, make a plan of the sculpture you want to make/create. Decide for its height and width as well as the depth. Second, choose what materials you will be used. Draw your design on a separate sheet of paper.

SCUL-PLAN (Sculpture Plan)

A. What are the special characteristics of your design that makes it different from the other illustrations? (materials used) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B. Based on your design, give at least three elements of art used and explain its importance. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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ASSESSMENT: Complete the following statements by supplying the right word/s from the box below. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Additive Higantes Ukit Bul’ul Sculpture Subtractive

1. The art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster is called_________________. 2. _______________sculpting processes involve adding materials to “build up” the sculpture. 3. _______________ processes rely on the removal of the material to “reveal” the sculpture. 4. _______________is a carved-wooden human figure with simplified forms and used in rituals that are performed to call the ancestors to protect their rice fields from pestilence and to ask for an abundant harvest. 5. _______________are big papier machè of human figures that represent farmers and fishermen. Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write the letter and word/s on your answer sheet. ______________1. It is a hand weaving technique of Ilocanos that is produced using traditional wooden looms.

A. Yakan B. Inabel. C. Bontoc D. pawekan ______________2. They are also skilled weavers; their method used in weaving is called ikat.

A. Kalinga B. Inabel C. Bontoc D. Yakan ______________3. It is a long textile or fabric measuring about ten to fifteen inches wide and three to five feet long and is used to cover private parts of the males of Kalinga.

A. Ginaspala wanes B. Ikat C. Bahag D. Inabel ______________4. Their textiles are very symbolic, from plain to intricate floating warps, "eye" designs and beautiful colorful twills and are woven by the women from homegrown cotton, and dyed in bright natural colors.

A. Kalinga B. Inabel C. Bontoc D. Gaddang ______________5. This technique which puts textures on the striped bands is being used by the Kalinga weavers who live in the upper area of Benguet and Mountain Province.

A. twirll- weaved technique B. ikat technique C. inabel technique D. tying technique ______________6. What are the materials in making burnay?

A. fine gravel, sand, and ashes B. soil and wax C. wax and clay D. fine gravel and powder soap ______________7. Ling-ling-o, which is worn around the neck, serves as ____________ symbols for Ifugao tribes.

A. rice granary B. rain C. fertility D. fruit ______________8. What kind of ink is used by Wang- Od in her traditional tattoo?

A. used oil B. charcoal and Water C. paints and water D. water and soap ______________9. It is considered as clothing and decoration because it covers their chest and arms.

A. jewelries B. amulets C. tattoo D. pottery ______________10. How would you promote to the country the different arts and crafts of Luzon? A. By selling those crafts C. By giving tourists a chance to use those crafts B. By showing respect in using those crafts D. By creating as many as you can Matching Type: Read the following statements in column A and match it with column B. Write the letter of the best answer.

1. In Batanes Group of Islands, these materials are chosen because they are strong enough to withstand the numerous typhoons and earthquakes that hit the group of Islands because of its geographic location.

a) Spanish Gate

2. San Andres Apostol Parish belfry is composed of _______ topped by a lantern and cross.

b) Capiz

3. It was used as prison facility, entrance and exit and American occupations. c) Huge wedding cake

3. Calle Crisologo in Vigan, Ilocos Sur is narrow and ______ street touches from the Spanish colonial architecture.

d) Pattern

5. The cylindrical belfry of Tumauini Church looks like a______ because of its design motifs like laces, hearts and beads.

e) Symmetrical gate

6. This principle of arts can be observed in the street of Calle Crisologo. f) to the naval station during the Spanish

7. This Material is used in the windows of the houses in Vigan. g) Limestones, reed and cogon

8. This is a kind of balance observed in the Spanish Gate. h) Cobbled-stoned

9. This is a common form of the belfry of Tumauini Church and San Andres Apostrolic Parish.

i) Circular columns

10. One factor in choosing the right materials of the architecture is ___________. j) Geographic location/ surroundings

k) Cylindrical/ cylinder