OUTLINES INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEM TYPES OF LIFT SYSTEM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES SELECTING AN ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEM USAGE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION In many wells the natural energy associated with oil will not produce a sufficient pressure differential between the reservoir and the well bore to cause the well to flow into production facilities at the surface. In other wells, natural energy will not drive oil to the surface in sufficient volume. Some form of artificial lift must then supplement the reservoir’s natural energy.

DEFINITIONWhat is artificial lift?This refers to the use of artificial means to increase the flow of liquids, such as crude oil or water, from a production well. Generally this is achieved by the use of a mechanical device inside the well (known as pump or velocity string) or by decreasing the weight of the hydrostatic column by injecting gas into the liquid some distance down the well.

TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEM• Gas Lift • Submersible Electrical Pumping • Subsurface Hydraulic Pumping 5. Progressing Cavity

Pump ( PCP )• Sucker Rod Pumping

THE PROCESS OF GAS LIFT

Gas lift is the form of artificial lift that closely resembles

the natural flow process. It can be considered an

extension of the natural flow process. In a natural flow

well, as the fluid travels upward toward the surface, the

fluid column pressure is reduced and gas comes out of

the solution.

ADVANTAGES GAS LIFTThe advantages of gas lift can be summarized as follows; Initial cost of down hole equipment is usually low. Flexibility cannot be equalled by any other form of lift. Gas lift installations can be designed to lift from one to many thousands of barrels per day. The producing rate can be controlled from surface. Gas lift is not adversely affected by deviation of the well. The relatively few moving parts in a gas lift system give it a long service life when compared to other form of artificial lift. Operating costs are usually relatively low for gas lift systems. Gas lift is ideally suited to supplement formation gas for the purpose of artificially lifting wells where moderate amounts of gas are present in the production fluid.

Disadvantages of Gas Lift

Difficult to operate

Maintenance intensive

High initial capital purchase cost

Hydraulic pumping systemsHydraulic pumping systems transmit energy to the bottom of the well by means of pressurized power fluid that flows down in the well bore tubular to a subsurface pump. There are at least three types of hydraulic subsurface pump: A reciprocating piston pump, where one side is powered by the (injected) drive fluid while the other side pumps the produced fluids to surface A jet pump, where the (injected) drive fluid passes through a nozzle-throat venturi combination, mixes with produced fluids and by the venturi effect creates a high pressure at the discharge side of the pump. A hydraulically driven down hole turbine (HSP), whereby the down hole drive motor is a turbine, mechanically connected to the impeller-pump section which pumps the fluid.

Advantages of Hydraulic Lift System i. No moving parts ii. High volume capabilityiii. Free pump iv. Low pump maintenancev. Multi well production from a single package

Disadvantages of Hydraulic Lift System1. High initial cost2. Complex to operate3. Only economical when there are a number of wells

together on a pad

SELECTING AN ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEM

1. Operator experience2. What methods are available for installations in certain

areas of the world3. Determining what methods will lift at the desired rates

and from the required depths4. Evaluating lists of advantages and disadvantages5. Expert systems to both eliminate and select systems

SUMMARY

An artificial lift is increasing is used as mature oil field

decline in production, as newer oil field require the

introduction of artificial lift sooner, as improvement in oil

field management practice e become more widely deployed

and more rapidly adopted and as oil volume pumped

annually increase globally.

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