Artificial Intelligence

CS105

Group Presentation Project• Week of November 7 to November 11• Group presentation• Groups of 3/4

– Each group will get 12/16 minutes maximum– Each member must speak for 4 minutes– Q&A session for 3/4 minutes– Team Leaders

• Topics:1. An existing AI application(s)2. An AI application that will possibly be created in the future and

you would invest money in it3. Technology in an AI movie – their advantages & disadvantages

• Questions: What is it? How does it work? – Don’t have to explain any technical details if you don’t want to

Group Presentation Project• Evaluation:

– Content and details– Organization– Member evaluation form– Dress up on the day of presentation

• Powerpoint files should be received BEFORE the beginning of class.

• Attendance is mandatory this week

Finding your group!

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence• Study and design of machines that can think like

a human being– Attempt to understand human intelligence

• But how do you define intelligence?– Abstract thought, understanding, communication,

reasoning and learning, planning and problem solving

• Goal: understand primary issues involved and the challenges

Artificial Intelligence• Intelligent machines

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.

List

Turing Test• A behavioral test to determine whether a

computer system is intelligent

Weak equivalence: The equality of two systems based on their results

Strong equivalence: The equality of two systems based on their results and the process by which they arrive at those results

• Natural language processing• Knowledge about various topics• Reasoning

State of the artDeep Blue beat Gary Kasparov, world champion in 1997 in a set of six games by two wins

Tartan Racing: 2007 DARPA Urban challenge winner. Autonomous vehicle capable of driving in traffic.

Search engines

Mobile humanoid robots: MIT media labs

TD Gammon learned how to play backgammon

Responsive environments: Bill Gates home

Responsive environments: Bill Gates home

Foundations of AI• Psychology– How do humans and animals think and act?

• Computer Science/Engineering– How to build an efficient computer system?

• Linguistics– How does language relate to thought?

• Philosophy• Mathematics• Economics• Neuroscience• Education / Learning

Knowledge Representation• Many ways– Natural language : not efficient for processing– Mathematical notation: rigorous– Want: Logical view so we can process it efficiently• Capture facts and relationships

Semantic network• A graph or network that presents meaningful

relationships among objects/concepts

Water

Vertebra

AnimalMammal

Bear

Cat

Fur

Fish

Whale

has

has

hasis a

is a

is a

lives inlives in

is a

is a

Search Trees• Hierarchical structures that represents the

alternatives of situations/choices– Nodes: Points in a tree that contains some form of

data– Edges: Link between nodes in a search tree– Game tree: is a graph whose nodes are the

positions in a game and whose edges are moves

Search Trees

12 6

9 5 8

2

7

4

4

63

1

0

5 3

7

Nodes

Edges

Parent nodes

C

L

P

P

PP

P P

C

C

C

P

Child nodes

L L L L

CLC

L

L

L

Leaf nodes

Game Trees

Player 1

Player 2

Player 1

Player 2

Wins!

Wins!

Depth first searchBreadth first search

Wins!

Wins!

Thought Question

Think of five questions that you might issue as the interrogator of a Turing test. Why would a computer have difficulty answering them well? Please explain your reasoning.