Artificial Heart Design & Development

Artificial Heart Design & Development

Sawyer Nichols

Biomedical Engineering

University of Rhode Island

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• Quick Facts• Cardiac Anatomy• Cardiac Devices• Components• Design Considerations• Products• Limitations

IntroductionIntroduction• Cardiovascular disease is the leading global

cause of death, accounting for 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030.

• About 2,150 Americans die each day from these diseases, one every 40 seconds.

• Cardiovascular diseases claim more lives than all forms of cancer combined.

Introducing the Artificial HeartIntroducing the Artificial Heart

• artificial hearts are typically used to bridge the time to heart transplantation– or to permanently replace the heart in case

heart transplantation is impossible.

Heart AnatomyHeart Anatomy

Russell, R. B., & Aloy, P. Targeting and tinkering with interaction networks. Nature Chemical Biology 4, 666–673 (2008) doi:10.1038/nchembio.119.

DevicesDevices

Cardiopulmonary bypass machine

Ventricular assistant

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

• Function and drawbacks of components– Evaluating valves

• Cell-material interactions– Biomaterial coating (Titanium Nitrite, TiCN )

• Durability/Device Life– Bileaflet valves w/ soft occluder (flanges)

• Battery life• The list goes on…

Device IntegrationDevice Integration

ValvesValves

 Artificial heart valves: a) ball and cage valve; b) synthetic valve used in blood pumps; c) bileaflet valve; d) tilted disk valve; e, f) valves without stent; g, h) stent-valves

Valves ContinuedValves Continued

SynCardiaSynCardia

79% of patients successfully bridged between waiting period for artificial heart

1,352 implants (96% of all artificial heart implants)

AbioCorAbioCor Uses transcutaneous energy transmission to charge the batteries.

Artificial Septum

Separates the artificial ventricles• Went from 20% chance of living 30 days to living extra 512 days (One

Clinical Trial)

LimitationsLimitations

• Device is either too large or attached to external hardware

• Expensive device, procedure and continuing medical surveillance– Range from $100k-300k in first year

• Not a permanent solution

SummarySummary• Increasing need for donor transplants• Artificial Heart transplants can buy time• Ever improving devices• Until the root cause of heart disease is

addressed, transplants will save lives• YOU could design the next breakthrough!

Questions?Questions?

ReferencesReferences• Wikipedia contributors. "Artificial heart." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free

Encyclopedia, 5 Oct. 2015. Web. 26 Oct. 2015.Woolston, Benjamin M. Metabolic engineering: Past and future. Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering 4 2013: 259-288. Annual Reviews.

• Nair, Kalyani, Muraleedharan C. Vayalappil, and G. S. Bhuvaneshwar. "Developments of Mechanical Heart Valves." Sādhanā 28.3 & 4 (2003): 575-87. Print.

• Kostrzewa B, Rybak Z. [History, present and future of biomaterials used for artificial heart valves]. Polim Med. 2013 Jul-Sep;43(3):183-9. Review. Polish.PubMed PMID: 24377185.

• Sarna, J. (Foundation for Cardiac Surgery Development, 345a, Wolnosci St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland); Kustosz, R.; Major, R.; Lackner, J.M.; Major, B. Source: Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, v 58, n 2, p 329-335, June 2010

• Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Després J-P, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics— 2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association [published online ahead of print December 17, 2014]. Circulation. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152.