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TableofContentsIntroduction

Reflectionsaftertheresearchjourney

Theorizingtheorigins

Cownose

FlowerofLifeversusCownose

Earlyvisibletraces

AtthedawnoftheCommonEra

1500ADandstillgoingstrong

Listofartifacts

2000BC-0AD

0AD-2000AD

Undated

MapofartifactsoftheFlowerofLife

Conclusions?

Credits

References

Keywords

Backcover

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com

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IntroductionInthisessay,IamgoingtopresenthistoricalartifactsofacertaingeometricalsymbolthatisknownincontemporaryhistoryastheFlowerofLife.OriginofthesymbolisintheancientMesopotamiaanditdatesbacktothe2ndmillenniumBCorearlier.Ihavedocumentedtheusageofthesymbolroughlyfrom1600BCto1600AD.

ThereaderofthisdocumentisexpectedtobefamiliarwithbasicsoftheFlowerofLife

geometry1 .ElementaryknowledgeoftheancientNearEasthistoryandhistoryofmathematicsishelpful.Knowledgeofvisualarts,geometry,andcomparativereligionstudiesarealsouseful.

Ihopemyindependentresearchprovidesavaluableresourceforpeopletodofurtherinvestigationinthetopic.

AnelectronicbookcalledArtifactsoftheFlowerofLifeispublishedinfourdifferentformats:Online,PDF,EPUB,andMOBI.

Title ArtifactsoftheFlowerofLife

Author MarkoManninen

Pages 68(PDF)

Description TheessaypresentsthecontinuityofhistoricalartifactsoftheFlowerofLifefrom1600BCto1600AD

Keywords FlowerofLife,six-petalrosette,intersectingcircles,equilateraltriangle,concavesquare,apsamikku,sacredgeometry

Language English

Publishstatus

-Firstpublished2014-08-29asablogpost-Revisededitionispublished2015-12-12asanelectronicbook

Lastupdated TueJan12201607:34:26GMT+0000(UTC)

ISBN978-952-68480-0-6(PDF)978-952-68480-1-3(EPUB)978-952-68480-2-0(MOBI)

Collection Open-source

Website http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comIntroduction

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ReflectionsafteraresearchjourneyImadeasix-weekself-fundedresearchtriptoGreece,Turkey,France,andSwedenin

summer2014.Sincethat,Ihavebeensystematicallycollectingpicturesofartifacts1 oftheFlowerofLifeintomyPinterestaccount.InthisessayIamgoingtopresentinclusivelychosenartifactsfrommyPinterestaccountinthisessay.AllartifactshavetheFlowerofLifesymbolprinted,carvedorpresentedontheminsomeotherway.

Picture1.1:ArtifactsoftheFOLpotpourrifromPinterestboard

Atthemomentofwritingthis(August2014),someomewebsitesalreadyhadagoodcollectionofoccurrencesofthesymbol.However,mypersonalfindingsonarcheologicalsitesandmuseums,followedbyexhaustingresearchontheInternet,havebroughtupnewinterestingoccurrencesoftheFlowerofLifetodaylight.AsfarasIknow,artifactsoftheFlowerofLifehavenotbeencollectedbeforeanywhereelseinthisformorinthisscale.

TheoccurrenceoftheFlowerofLifeinEgyptwasfirstreportedbytheNewAgeauthorDrunvaloMelchizedekinhislecturesin80'sand90's.LaterontheFlowerofLifewas

officiallypresentedinhistwo-volumebookcalledTheAncientSecretoftheFlowerofLife2 .MelchizedekfirstproclaimedthemoderntermFlowerofLife.InhisbooksMelchizedekdepictstheFlowerofLifebytheparticulargeometricalfigure:

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comReflectionsaftertheresearchjourney

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1.1.

Picture1.2:TheFlowerofLife/PublicDomain

TheFlowerofLifetermisoftenusedmorebroadlytodescribedifferentformationphasesofthesymbol.IwillusetheFlowerofLifetermtodenotethegeneralpatternaswellasdifferentpartsofthegenerationofthesymbol.IwillcalltheFlowerofLifelaterbytheabbreviationFOL.

Note:theFlowerofLifesymbolshouldnotbeconfusedwiththeFleur-de-lis3 orthe

TreeofLife4 motifs.

FlowerofLifewikipage5 (inAugust2014)statesthatoneoftheearliestoccurrencesofthe

FOLisintheAssyrianstonecarpet6 (650BC).ThewikipagealsoquestionsthedatingoftheFOLthatisdrawnontheOsiriantemplestoneinAbydos,Egypt.WhiledatingoftheFOLinAbydosisdebated,itisevidentthatthegeometricalformationofthesymbolwasknownalreadyin1600-1400BC.Fromthattime,wehaveartifactsthatshowtheverysamedecorationmotif.Artifactsare:

Goldenrosettes(pic.6.1.1)fromMycenae,GreeceCosmeticboxes(pic.6.1.2)fromThebes,EgyptIvorywhorls(pic.6.1.5)fromCyprusGoldenandsilvergoblets(pic.6.1.3,6.1.14)fromMarlik,NorthernIran

ManytopicssurroundingtheFOLarehighlycontroversial.ThisisduetoMelchizedek'sbackgroundintheNewAgephilosophy.Butthatshouldnotlimitusfromdoingfurtherresearchandseekingtheoriginofthesymbol.

MarkoManninen:FlowerofLifePinterestboard

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1.2.1.3.1.4.1.5.1.6.

DrunvaloMelchizedek:TheAncientSecretoftheFlowerofLife1999,2000wikipedia.org:Fleur-de-liswikipedia.org:TreeofLifewikipedia.org:FlowerofLifearchivedwikipagewikimedia.org:Assyrianstonecarpet

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comReflectionsaftertheresearchjourney

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TheorizingtheoriginsThemaingoalofdocumentingandlistingartifactsthatcontaintheFOLsymbolistobecomemoreawareofthehistoricaloriginofthesymbol.That'swhyI'dliketotheoretizeabitontheoriginoftheFOLfirst.Afterspeculations,I'mgoingtodescribeoccurrencesoftheFlowerofLifeaccordingtothethreespanoftime:

1. Earlytracesfrom1600BCto200BC2. BeginningoftheCommonErafrom200BCto100AD3. CommonErauntilMiddleAgefrom100ADto1600AD

ThenIwillselectivelylistmainoccurrencesoftheFOLsymbolaccompaniedbypictures.

Amorepopularsymbolfromancienttimes,theCownosesymbol,iscrucialforunderstandingtheFOL.ItwillgivetherequiredhistoricalandsymbolicalcontexttotheFOLsymbol.TheCownosesymbolisanotablesymbolthathasbeenresearchedalotsoIwon'tlistoccurrencesofit.I'mjustgoingtopinpointsomeresearchjournalsandbooksmentioningtheCownose.

UnderstandingthehistoryoftheCownosewillalsohelpondatingtheFOL.Inmyopinion,theassociationofthesetwosymbolswitheachotherisnotrecognizedandunderstoodenough.

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CownoseEducatedgeometricalpracticerelatingtothedrawingofintersectingcircleshavealongtradition.WecanseeitfrommathematicalclaytabletsfoundsinceOldBabylonianperiod(2000-1600BC).

Intersectingcirclesformingaconcavesquareortheso-calledApsamikkuisdiscussedin

Mesopotamianmathematics1 byEleanorRobson.Seealso:SomeoldBabyloniangeometry2 byDuncanJ.Melville.Asimpledepictionofthefour-petalrosettepatterninquestionlookslikethis:

Picture2.1.1:TheCownosegeometricpattern©MarkoManninen

TheApsamikkuistranslatedastheCownosewhichreferstotheexteriorshapeofastingray3 fish.Thenamingconventioninthecurrentgeometriccontextisabitconfusing.Cow-noselikenessofthestingraycomesfromthelobesandanotchedheadofthestingray.Thisiswhythestingrayfishisalsocalledthecownoseray.TheApsamikkusymboldoesn'tlooklikethenoseofacow.Itlooksliketheperipheralshapeofthecownoseray.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comCownose

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Picture2.1.2:CownoseraysresemblingtheCownosepattern©DocLucio

Ceremonialvessel4 fromIndusValleycivilizationperiod(2600-2450BC)andotherobjects5 fromHarappanandMohenjo-DaroindicatesthattheCownosepatternwasknownintheIndusValleyalreadyin3000BC.

AccordingtoRobson,inTheapsamikkuinNeo-BabylonianMathematics6 theCownosedesignwasknown:

...fromHalafpotteryofthesixthmillenniumBCtoimagesofNeo-AssyriantextileinSyria...

ItisprobablethattheCownosepatterncamefromsomewhereintheancientFertileCrescent.Atleast,theearliestevidenceweknowcomesfromthatarea.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comCownose

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Picture2.1.3:CeremonialvesselwiththeCownosepatternfromHarappan©LACMA

InSoundHolesAndGeometricalFigures7 byLawergren&Gurney,thesoundholeofalyreoraharpiscalledtheApsamikku.Interestinglytheshapeoftheholeresemblesmoreoftwofacingequilateralconcavetrianglesmorethantheconcavesquare.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comCownose

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2.1.1.2.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.4.2.1.5.2.1.6.2.1.7.

ItcouldratherbethattheApsamikkugenerallyreferstoahole,awindoworaframeinthefigure,nottheexactshapeofit.ThenthenameoftheFOLsymbolcouldhavebeenApsamikku+someaffix.DeterminingthemeaningoftheApsamikkuisoutsideofthescopeofthisessay,butitisintriguingquestion.IftheFOLsymbol/patternhadanyparticularnameforancients,Ileaveitforfuturespeculations.

Picture2.1.4:HarappanjarswiththeCownosepattern©Dakshayini(left),Ismoon(right)

EleanorRobson:Mesopotamianmathematics1999Chapter2DuncanJ.Melville:SomeOldBabyloniangeometry2005wikipedia.org:Cownoserayswikipedia.org:Ceremonialvessel,Harappan,2600-2450BCEMarkoManninen:CownosePinterestboardEleanorRobson:TheapsamikkuinNeo-BabylonianMathematics2007page214Lawergren&Gurney:SoundHolesAndGeometricalFigures1987PlateX

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comCownose

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FlowerofLifeversusCownoseSquareshapeandsquarerootof2areapparentontheCownosepattern.Equilateraltriangleandhexagonshapewiththesquarerootof3-propertyarefundamentalintheFOL.AllthesepropertieswereknownbyOldBabyloniansasitisshowninthebookA

RemarkableCollectionofBabylonianMathematicalTexts1 byJoranFriberg.Seealsoclay

tablets:IM529162 andSusu3 .

ButthereareincidentsintheancienthistorythaturgetheappearanceoftheFOLbefore2000BC.Theseincidentsarethesexagesimalnumeralsystem,rhombicconemosaics,andsix-petalcylinderseals.

Sexagesimalsystem

SexagesimalplacevaluesystemwasknownintheancientMesopotamiainthe3rdmillenniumBC.Thegeometricallinkbetweenacircle,ahexagonandthesexagesimal

systemisgenuinelydemonstratedbyJaimeVladimir4 .Hesummarizesit:

...thesegeometricalfactsshowthatthereisageometricallinkbetweenthecircleandthesexagesimalsystemandthatthedivisionofthecirclein360equalparts,whichcorrespondsto360equalanglesordegrees',isn'tachoicethatiscompletelyindependentofthegeometrybecausethisdivisioncanbesuggestedbythebasicpropertiesofthecirclesandtheequilateraltriangles.

TheFOLandthesexagesimalsystembothsharethesamegeometricalandmathematicalproperties.Itmeanstheywouldmutuallybenefitfromtheexistenceofeachother.

Picture2.2.1:Abacusorcalculationtableinbase60©JaimeVladimirTorres-Heredia

Conemosaics

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comFlowerofLifeversusCownose

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Thepillarconemosaic5 fromtheancientSumeriancity,Uruk(3400-3100BC)showsatessellationpattern.This60degreeszig-zagrhombuspatternformedbytwoequilateraltrianglesisinsidetheFOLgeometryaswell.

Picture2.2.2:ConemosaiconaUrukfacade©ZentralarchivderStaatlichenMuseenzuBerlin-PreußischerKulturbesitz

Cylinderseal

TheSumerianbrownstonecylinderseal6 withtwosixpetalrosettesoriginatesfrom3000BC.SimilarsealsarerepeatedlyfoundfromthelateUrukandJemdetNasrperiod(3100-

2900BC).SeeAncientNearEasternCylinderSealsfromtheMarcopoliCollection7 byBeatriceTeissier.SixpetalrosetteisapartialsymbolinsidetheFOLpattern.

Trivialdesign

ThecreationoftheFOLsymbolisbegunbydrawingsixintersectingcirclesaroundtheseventhcentralcircle.TheFOLiseasiertodrawthantheCownosesinceitcanbedonewithaplaindraftingcompass(oradivider).IntheFOL,youcontinueformingthepatternfromdirectintersectionpoints.IntheCownosepattern,youneedamorecomplicatedproceduretofindperpendicularlinesandrightangleswithamorecomplicatedprocedure.Wecanverifythisbydoingbothfiguresmanually.Thus,wecouldexpecttoseetheFOLpatternappearonartifactsbeforetheCownose.

Butsurprisingly,evidencebasedstrictlyonknownartifactsisthatfour(andeight)-pointedshapesliketheCownosewereantecedentandfarmoreprominent.Onlylateronsix-pointedshapesliketheFOLseemstohavebeenusedasadecorationmotif.

Basedontheaboveconsiderations,wecansafelymakethenextconjecture:

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comFlowerofLifeversusCownose

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2.2.1.2.2.2.2.2.3.2.2.4.2.2.5.2.2.6.2.2.7.

PrerequisiteforthegenerationoftheFOLwasfulfilledintheancientMesopotamiaalreadyinthe3rdmillenniumBC.Inthebeginningofthe2ndmillenniumBC,peoplewereplayingwithconstructionelementsandpatternsthatwefindintheFlowerofLifesymbol.

Strictlyspeaking,thefirstoccurrencesoftheFOLareavailableonartifactsfrom1600-1500BC.AndthefirstFOLasacompletesymbolasMelchizedekhasdescribedit,isfromMarlik,1400-1100BC.Thatis,iftheoccurrencefromAbydosisnotcountedbecauseofthedebateondatingit.

JoranFriberg:ARemarkableCollectionofBabylonianMathematicalTexts2007MS3051onthepage207DavidFowlerandEleanorRobson:SquareRootApproximationsinOldBabylonianMathematics1998SwapanKumarAdhikaari:Babylonianmathematics1997JaimeVladimir:Ageometricallinkbetweenthecircleandsexagesimalsystem2005wikipedia.org:Conemosaiccourtyardchristies.com:TheSumerianbrownstonecylindersealBeatriceTeissier:AncientNearEasternCylinderSealsfromtheMarcopoliCollection1984page117,no.18

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comFlowerofLifeversusCownose

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EarlyvisibletracesMostoftheartifactsfrom1400BCto500BCarefoundfromanareathatisnowadaysSyria,IraqandIran.TheFOLtopicisatoughtopictoresearchintheNearEastbecauseof:

Immaturewebtechnologiesusedonmuseumwebsites,lackofpubliconlinecollectionsCurrentpoliticalsituation,whicheffectivelylimitstravelingintheNearEast

Illegaltradeoftheantiquitiesthathasbeencontinuingforthelasttwohundredyears1

Massivedestructionofthearcheologicalsitesandmuseumcollectionsbyreligiousfundamentalists

TherearejustafewscholarlyworksthatrefertotheFOL,oftenwithanassociationtothesix-petalrosettefigure.Atsomepoint,thisparticulargeometricalmotifarrivedfromthemainlandtoCyprus,Samos,andMiletos.ThiscanbereadfromthehistoryoftheGreek

vases2 byB.B.Shefton(pages47-57):

...itpresentsuswitharosettemotifthat,whileitisnotoftenfoundinGreekart,hasastorytoitofconsiderableinterest,onethathasonlypartiallybeenexploredbypreviousinvestigators...thenetpatternfirsthalfofninthcenturyBC...fromSamariaaretheearliestonesknowntome,ifindeedtheirearlydatecanstillbemaintained...EarliestoccurrenceknowntomeisontheundersideofaMiddleGeometricAtticpyxisfromtheKerameikos,thatistosaysometimeinthesecondquarteroftheeighthcentury...

TheGreeksdidn'tusethemotifinitsfullextent.Theyweremostlyinterestedinthesix-petalrosetteformoftheFOL.Itisstillnotablethatthegoldenplateswithasix-petalrosettedecorationexistedinMycenae(pic.6.1.1),Greeceasearlyas1600BC.Ivorywhorls(pic.6.1.5)withtheFOLdecorationexistedinCyprus,1600BC.Sheftondidn'tmentionanythingaboutearlierdatinggobletsfromMarlikthatdatedearlier(pic.6.1.31400BC)oraboutwoodenlidsfromEgypt(pic.6.1.21500BC).Alltheseartifactsexistinthemiddleofthesecondmillennium,whichismuchearlierthan"thesecondquarteroftheeighthcentury".

Gazellecup3 fromIranisfrom1000BC.

Around700BC,PhoeniciansinNimruddecoratedivoryitemslikethepyxis,theelephanttuskandtheplaquewiththeFOLsymbol.TheuseofthesymbolisveryconventionalbecausePhoeniciansstayedrightinthecenterofLevant.LevantishalfwayfromEgyptiankingdomtoMesopotamia,wherethemajortradeofgoods,skills,andknowledgewasmadeforthousandsofyears.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comEarlyvisibletraces

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3.1.3.2.3.3.3.4.3.5.

Stonedoorsills(pic.6.1.8)havingtheFOLdecorationexistedintheKingAshurbanipaltempleinNineveh,645BC.Stonecarpetshavebeendecoratedwithflowerswithsixpetals

(continuousFOLpattern).AssyrianCarpetsinStone4 byPaulineAlbendalistsseveralsimilarstonecarpetsfromNimrud.ButshealsoseemstobeunawareofMarlikculturegobletsoroftheexistenceoftheEgyptianFOLornament.

OldestinstanceoftheFOLthatIhavefoundintheAsiaisfromMaharashtra(pic.6.1.10),India,200–100BC.ItisanarchdecorationfromtheBuddhistBedsecaves.IntheCavesof

Bedse5 blog,itismentionedthatdecorationmotifsaroundthecavearesimilartoGreco-Assyrianstyle.NewerinstancesintheEastcompriseofamarblefloordecorationintheIndianSikhtemple(pic.6.3.7)andChineseLion-Dogsculptures(pic.6.3.6).ButthesearerathermoderndayobjectshavingtheFOL.

Picture3.1:ArtifactsoftheFOLpotpourrifromPinterestboard

D.T.Potts:ACompaniontotheArchaeologyoftheAncientNearEast2012chapter6B.B.Shefton:Greekvases1989pages47-57CharlesK.Wilkinson:ArtoftheMarlikCulture1965page104PaulineAlbenda:AssyrianCarpetsinStone1978KaleV:DivineLightatBedseCaves,April2014

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comEarlyvisibletraces

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4.1.4.2.

AtthedawnoftheCommonEraOneinterestingpointisthattheFOLsymbolwasextensivelyusedbyJews,GreeksandRomansaroundthedawnofthenewera,100BC-200AD.Especiallymosaicfloors(pic.6.1.11,6.1.12,6.1.13,6.2.1)popupfromthehistoryusingtheFOLthemeoftennexttotheCownosedecorationmotif.

DecorationsinthetemplesofHerodandinthereligiouscenterofEphesusareoneofthemostbeautifulandcompleteformsoftheFOL.

TheintriguingquestionabouttheinfluenceandusageoftheFOLsymbolcomesbyitsmathematicalproperties.Thiswouldwarrantaseparatearticle:wereearlyChristians,Gnostics,middlePlatonistsandNeo-PythagoreansawareoftheFOL?HowaboutwritersoftheGospelsandthebookofRevelation,didtheyknowthemeaningofit?

Withoutgoinganydeeperintothesubject,itmustbementionedthatRomanImperialwasspreaduptoThracein180ADleavingbehindseveralfloormosaicswiththeFOLsymbol.ThesemosaicscannowadaysbewitnessedonexcavatedsitesinBulgaria(pic.6.2.6)and

inItaly1 ,butalsoinSpain(pic.6.2.2,6.2.3)andinFrance(pic.6.2.4,6.2.5).

Experimentalpaintingsonthewalloftempleruin2 inSyriadesertarehighlyinterestingandurgesdeeperresearch.ThewallisfullofsymbolsoftheFOLindifferentforms.ThisresemblesfiguresettingsinAbydoswall,evenLeonardo'sdrawingsifyouwill.

Picture4.1:ArtifactsoftheFOLpotpourrifromPinterestboard

Karl:HouseofTragicPoetasHouseofGlaucus-Pompeii-MosaicfloorHans-Christian:PictureoftempleruininQasral-Hairash-Sharqi

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comAtthedawnoftheCommonEra

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1500ADandstillgoingstrongMuchlatergeometricalpatternswereusedintheArabiccultureasanartitself.ThisisduetothefactthatintheirtraditionGod,prophetsorevenpeopleandanimalswerenotallowedtobedrawn.Forexample,OttomansusedtheFOLoncemeteryworks(pic.6.2.10),thesarcophagus(pic.6.2.11),tombsandSeljukcaravanseraigates.OrthodoxChristiansinPatmosislandappliedsacredgeometryabovethechapeldoorlunette(pic.6.3.4,6.3.5),thusappreciatingthesymbologybehindtheintersectingcircles.Youcanseeamorecomplexfigureonthelunetteonlywhenzoomingintotheimage,whichjustaddsticklingenigmaaroundthesymbol.

Multicoloropaqueglasspavement(pic.6.2.7)intheWestminsterAbbeyGothicchurch

incorporatestheFOLsymbol.ItiswellknownthatVesicaPiscis1 isthebasisoftheFOLgeometryanditisusedwidelyoniconographythoughintheOrthodoxtradition.InOrthodox

symbolism,VesicaPiscisisrathercalledamandorla2 (almond)oranimbus,whichreferstothehaloaroundtheSaint.TheFOLtraditionpossiblygoestothebeginningoftheChristianchurch.Butsurely,thetraditionoftheFOLcanbetracedmuchfurthertothehistory.

Atthispoint,itisgoodtoliftuponcemorethespecialtyoftheFOLsymbolandatthesame

timeitsundiscoveredhistory.S.LimaniinhisAnEleventhCenturyShipwreckVol.1book3

listsseveralleadnetsinkersthathavethesix-petalrosettesymbolonthem.Hewrites:

...regardlessofitspurpose,therosette,rareamongtheJewishremainsofGreeceandRome,isaparticularlyeasternJewishphenomenon...rosettes,usedasornamentdetailsonfifthandsixthcenturychurches,wereaparticularlyeasternChristianphenomenonaswell,beingpeculiartonorthernSyria.

TheformationoftheFOLissimple,asnotedbefore.E.R.Goodenough,theauthorofthe

monumentalthirteenvolumeworkabouttheJewishandChristiansymbolism4 ,callsthesix-petalrosette

themostbanalofalldesigns

asquotedbyLimani.NeitherGoodenoughorLimaniknowshardlyanythingabouttheFOLinitsfullpattern.Nordotheyknowsix-petalrosetteform'sfrommucholderhistory.

IfIwouldreallyneedtoguesstheoriginofthegeographicalarea,wheretheFOLwasfirstusedinitsfullestmagnitude,mybetwouldbeonupperMesopotamia.Sorichisthetraditionthereofusinggeometricalforms,especiallytheusageofthesix-petalrosette.Andthetraditionhaslastedlongandisrichinoccurrences.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com1500ADandstillgoingstrong

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5.1.5.2.5.3.5.4.5.5.5.6.

Finally,myhistoricsurveyendsataround1500AD,whenLeonardodaVinciusedseveralpagesonhissketchbook(pic.6.2.13)toinvestigatethepropertiesofthehexagonalnet/grid

whenhestudiedthetheoryoflunes5 .Hewasinterestedintheproportionsofsuchagridbecauseitcanbefoundfromnature.Forexample,inbumblebeecells,aturtle'scarapaceandsnowflakes.Thetheoryoflunes,i.e.geometricfiguresformedbytheintersectionoftwo

circulararcs,wasinventedbytheGreekmathematicianHippocratesofChiosin440BC6 .BothLeonardoandHippocrateswereinvestigatinglunestounveiltheancient"squaringthecircle"enigma.

Picture5.1:ArtifactsoftheFOLpotpourrifromPinterestboard

wikipedia.org:VesicaPiscisorthodoxwiki.org:MandorlaS.Limani:AnEleventhCenturyShipwreckVol.1page405E.R.Goodenough:JewishSymbolsintheGrecoRoman,Vol.5&71958StephenWolfram:WolframScience2002page872,notedFrankJ.Swetz:FromFiveFingerstoInfinity:AJourneyThroughtheHistoryofMathematics1994

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ListofartifactsIhavelistedthefollowingFOLartifactsintheorderoftimefromtheoldesttothenewestandaddedundateditemstotheendofthelist.Ihopethislistwillhelpfurtherinvestigatorsinfindingoutmoredetailsoftheobjects.TheoriginandhistoryofthelistedartifactscanrevealmoreaboutthehistoryoftheFOLitself.

OnpicturedescriptionsI'mgoingtotellshortlywheretheseobjectscanbefound,thedatingoftheobjectsandsometimesotheradditionalnotes,linksandreferences.ItisveryprobablethatmoreobjectswiththeFOLsymbolattachedonthemwillbefoundinthefuture.ThinkofapproximatelyhalfamillionclaytabletsthathavebeenexcavatedfromtheNearEastsofar.Reading,catalogingandinterpretingthemisstillconsideredtobeinitsinfancy.Manytimes

moretabletsaresupposedtohideunderthedesertsands1 .SameappliestotreasuresinEgypt.Maybethousandsofrelatingobjectsareinprivatecollectionsaroundtheworldwaitingtoseethedaylightsomedayinthefuture.Manymuseumsdon'thaveonlinepicturecollectionsoftheirobjectsyetbutareconstantlydoingworktogetinformationopenforpublic.

Onlywhenindividualsandresearchershavethisparticularsubjectontheirmind,theymaypayattentiontotheFOLgeometryonartifacts.Forexample,thesilvergoblet(pic.6.1.9)intheMedelhavsmuseetinStockholmwasfoundonlywhenIrealized,thattheFOLcanbeseenfromthebottomortheundersideoftheobject.WhenIsawanattractingsilveriteminthemuseumglassvitrine,myfirstthingtodowastopeekinsideit.ItwastrulyamazingtoseetheperfectFOLappearingthererightundermyeyes.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comListofartifacts

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2000BC-0AD

Item Location Date

Goldfoils Mycenae,Greece 1600BC

Woodencosmeticboxes Thebes,Egypt 1492-1473BC

Silvergazellecup Iran 1000BC

Goldandsilvergoblets Marlik,NorthernIran 1400–1100BC

Ivorywhorls Cyprus 1600-1100BC

Phoenicianbowl Levant 850BC

Idalioncup Cyprus 800–700BC

Ovalpyxis Nimrud 800–700BC

Terracottatorsos Greece&Cyprus 700BC

Ivorytusk Nimrud 800-700BC

Ivoryplaque Nimrud 800-700BC

Bronzevessel Nimrud 700BC

Stonefloorsills NorthernIraq 645BC

Silverbeaker NearEast 600–500BC

Cavearches Maharashtra,India 200–100BC

Opussigninum Caminreal,Spain 200-100BC

Floormosaic Ephesus,Turkey 100BC

Floormosaic Cyprus 75–50BC

Floormosaic Israel 20BC

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comListofartifacts

21/68ArtifactsoftheFlowerofLife|Published:12/12/2015|Updated:01/12/2016|MarkoManninen©2016

6.1.

0AD-2000AD

Item Location Date

Mosaicfloor Pompeii,Italy 100BC-200AD

Floormosaic Masada,Israel 30BC–70AD

Mosaicfloor Seville,Spain 100AD

Templestele Córdoba,Spain 100-500AD

Floormosaics Besancon,France 123BC–486AD

Floormosaic Kabile,Bulgaria 400AD

Silverbowl NearEast 400–500AD

Ruinwallpaintings Qasral-Hairash-Sharqi,Syria 729AD

Cosmatipavement London,England 1268AD

Byzantineruins DeirSeta,Syria 1400AD

Hampipillar India 1400AD

Ottomancemeterydecorations Izmir,Turkey 1400AD

CastleofRozmberk CzechRepublic 1400-1600AD

CodexAtlanticusfolio307v Italy 1500AD

Stoneinscriptions Bulgaria 1600AD

Undated

Item Location Date

Abydoswall Egypt BC,AD

Assyrianwalldecoration NearEast BC

Chapellunette Patmos,Greece AD

FuDogsphere Shanghai,China AD

Gianturn Beijing,China AD

Marblefloordecoration Amritsar,India AD

Jewishpainting - AD

BillT.Arnold:WhoWereTheBabylonians?2005page13

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comListofartifacts

22/68ArtifactsoftheFlowerofLife|Published:12/12/2015|Updated:01/12/2016|MarkoManninen©2016

2000BC-0AD

Goldfoils

Picture6.1.1:Goldsix-petalrosettefoils©MarkoManninen

Mycenaeanfunerarygoldfoilattachmentswithsix-petalrosettegeometryfoundfromtheArcheologicalMuseumofIstanbul.Mycenae,Greece,1600BC.(Photo©MarkoManninen)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

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Cosmeticbox

Picture6.1.2:Woodencosmeticbox©MET

Acircularwoodencosmeticboxwithaswivellid1 intheTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYork.Thebes,Egypt,1492-1473BC.

Thisboxhasaswiveltopincisedwithadecorativepatternofconcentricandoverlappingcirclesthatmusthavebeenmadewithanearlyversionofadrawingcompass.

Resembling12petalrosetteintheivorybox2 1550BCand32raysstraightlinestarcanbefoundfromthesameperiod.(Photo©MET)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

24/68ArtifactsoftheFlowerofLife|Published:12/12/2015|Updated:01/12/2016|MarkoManninen©2016

Silvergoblet

Picture6.1.3:Silvergoblet©MarkoManninen

Asilvergoblet3 inthemuseumofLouvre.Theundersideoftheobjectwasunreachableforthevisitorsbecausethegobletstandsonthethickbasement.ButthepictureintheobjectdescriptionshowsafullFlowerofLifepatterninthebottom,verymuchsimilartothesilvergobletundersidedecorationinStockholm.Unfortunately,onlyverylittleisknownaboutthe

Marlikculture4 ,butartifactsfoundfromtheroyalcemeteryshowsexcellenceinthegoldandsilvermetalwork.Marlik,northernIran,1400–1100BC.(Photo©MarkoManninen)

Silvergazellecup

Thebaseofthesilvergazellecup5 .FromtheSafidRiverregion,Iran,1000BC.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

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Goldengoblet

Picture6.1.4:Goldengoblet©1985PhotoRMN/PierreetMauriceChuzeville

Theundersideofagoldengoblet6 inthemuseumofLouvre.Excavationreport7 showsseveralartifactshavingsimilarsix-petalrosetteswithsurroundingpetals(orlargerrosettenets)underthegobletsandbeakers.Marlik,Iran,1400–1100BC.(Photo©1985PhotoRMN/PierreetMauriceChuzeville)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

26/68ArtifactsoftheFlowerofLife|Published:12/12/2015|Updated:01/12/2016|MarkoManninen©2016

Ivorywhorl

Picture6.1.5:Ivorywhorl©MarkoManninen

ThisartifactwascategorizedasalocalobjectfromthesanctuaryofAphrodite.ItisvisibleintheMuseumofPalaipafos(Kouklia,Cyprus).Datingismentionedbetween1600-1100BCmakingitoneoftheoldestFOLfoundfromtheMediterraneanworld.

Similarivorywhorls8 canbeseenintheBritishMuseum.TheyarealsofromCyprus,1340-1050BC.Notehowperipheralpetalsareroughandmadeprobablybyhand.ThisisagoodexamplehowmuchpreciseworkittakestodrawthewholeFOLpatternafterthefirstsevensimplecircles.(Photo©MarkoManninen)

Phoenicianbronzebowl

APhoenicianbronzebowl9 intheLosAngelesCountyMuseumofArt.850BC.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

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Idalioncup

Picture6.1.6:Idalioncup©PublicDomain

Acupwithmythologicalscenes10 andtheFlowerofLifepatterninitscentervisibleintheLouvremuseum.Idalion,Cyprus,800–700BC.(Photo©PublicDomain)

Ovalpyxis

Anovalpyxis11 withabaseandalidintheIraqMuseum,Baghdad.Nimrud,800–700BC.NotetheobjectIM79513thathassimilar,butbadlycrackedlidwiththesamegeometricfigure.

Terracottatorso

ACypriotterracottatorso12 intheBritishMuseum.SimilarterracottatorsoswiththeFOLpatternarevisiblealsointheArchaeologicalMuseumofLefkosia.Salamis,Greece,around700BC.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

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Ivorytusk

Acarvedivorytusk13 intheIraqMuseum,Baghdad.Nimrud,800-700BC.

Ivoryplague

Afragmentofanivoryplaque14 intheIraqMuseum,Baghdad.Nimrud,800-700BC.

CarvingisnotedbyWolframScience15 asbeingcharacteristicformofornamentonPhoenicianculturalperiod:

Thiswasacommondecorativepattern,formedbydrawingcirclescenteredatholesarrangedinatriangulararray.ItisalsofoundinEgyptianandotherart.

Bronzevessel

Picture6.1.7:Bronzevessel©NYPLDigitalLibrary

Abronzevessel16 fromthepalaceofSennacherib.NewYorkpubliclibrary.Iraq,Nimrud,700BC.(Photo©NYPLDigitalLibrary)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

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Stonefloorsill

Picture6.1.8:Stonefloorsill©MarkoManninen

AstonefloorsillwithafieldofinterlockingcirclesdecorationfromthepalaceofKingAshurbanipal.VisibleintheMuseumofLouvre.RelatedobjectsarealsovisibleintheBritish

Museum(BM11891017 ,BM11891318 ).TheNorthernIraq,645BC.(Photo©MarkoManninen)

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Silverbeaker

Picture6.1.9:Silverbeaker©OveKaneberg

AnancientNearEastsilverbeakerbottommotif,600–500BC.Theobjectwithoneofthe

mostpreciseworkofFOLisintheSwedishMedelhavsmuseet19 .Kindstafffromthemuseumgavemethisinformation:

Thearchivedaccessioncataloguegivesthatitwasreceivedin1980,probablythroughacertainO.Engkvist.Thereisalsoacommentinthemargin:ProbArchaemenid,acc.ToVincentPigott(IranintheNearEast),Profpennsylvania,USA.Personalcommunication.

(Photo©OveKaneberg)

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Cavearches

Picture6.1.10:Cavearches©VivekS.Kale

Chaityaarchesinaformofwoodlatticepatterns,floralpatterns,berm-railarchesanda

parapetwithAssyrianpattern20 ofarowofsteppedtrianglesintheBuddhisttempleofPitalkhora.Maharashtra,India,200–100BC.(Photo©VivekS.Kale)

Opussigninum

Opussigninum21 (mosaicfloor)oftheRomanperiodhouseinthe“cityofcharity”,Caminreal.Spain,200-100BC.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

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FloormosaicatEphesus

Picture6.1.11:FloormosaicatEphesus©Ken&Nyetta

Floormosaiconthehouse1aontheCuretesStreet,neartheLibraryofCelsusinthearcheologicalsiteofEphesus,Turkey,100BC.Thisphotoisusedasacoverphotointhise-

book.(Photo©Ken&Nyetta22 )

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

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FloormosaicinCyprus

Picture6.1.12:FloormosaicinCyprus©AndrewSweeney

MosaicfloorornamentofthelateHellenisticperiodatRomanagora,thearcheologicalsiteof

KourioninCyprus.75–50BC.(Photo©AndrewSweeney23 )

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

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6.1.1.6.1.2.6.1.3.6.1.4.6.1.5.6.1.6.6.1.7.6.1.8.6.1.9.6.1.10.6.1.11.6.1.12.6.1.13.6.1.14.6.1.15.6.1.16.6.1.17.6.1.18.6.1.19.6.1.20.6.1.21.6.1.22.

FloormosaicatHerodium

Picture6.1.13:FloormosaicatHerodium©ShmuelBrowns

FloormosaicinthebathhouseatLowerHerodiumbuiltbyHerodtheGreat,unearthedand

visibleattheNationalMuseumofIsrael.Israel,20BC.(Photo©ShmuelBrowns24 )

metmuseum.org:CircularCosmeticBoxwithaSwivelLidmetmuseum.org:CosmeticBoxwithaSwivelToplouvre.fr:Gobeletornédemonstresailésaffrontésdooroodiran:MarlikCultureCharlesK.Wilkinson:ArtoftheMarlikCulture1965page104louvre.fr:Gobletdecoratedwithwinged,two-headedmonsters,graspinggazellesNigahban,IzzatAllah:Marlik:thecompleteexcavationreport.v.2:Illustrations1996britishmuseum.org:Spindlewhorllacma.org:Bronzebowlwikimedia.org:CupIdalionLouvreGeorginaHerrmann,StuartLaidlaw:IvoriesfromNimrudVI2008Plate40B.B.Shefton:Greekvases1989page56GeorginaHerrmann,StuartLaidlaw:IvoriesfromNimrudVI2008Plate55GeorginaHerrmann,StuartLaidlaw:IvoriesfromNimrudVI2008Plate102StephenWolfram:WolframScience2002page872,notednypl.org:BronzevesselsfromNimroudbritishmuseum.org:Doorsillbritishmuseum.org:Doorsillsmvk.se:SilverbeakerGraspGra:BuddhisttempleofPitalkhoraJalmeD.V.Redon:Elmosaicoromanoconinscripcwxiloca3ibericade'lacaridad'page20,23,25Ken&Nyetta:MosaicandFrescofromHillhousesofAncienntEphesus

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6.1.23.6.1.24.

AndrewSweeney:Kourion-AncientTownShmuelBrowns:RomanBathHousefromHerodium

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com2000BC-0AD

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0AD-2000AD

MosaicfloorinPompeii

Mosaicfloor1 intheHouseofTragicPoetasHouseofGlaucus.Italy,Pompeii.Undated.

Brokenfloormosaic

Picture6.2.1:Brokenfloormosaic©JamesEmery

Brokenfloormosaicofpomegranates,figleavesandgeometricalpatternofcircles(theFOL)onthereceptionroomintheWesternPalacebuiltbyHerodtheGreat.Masada,Israel,30

BC–70AD.(©JamesEmery2 )

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MosaicfloorinSeville

Picture6.2.2:MosaicfloorinSeville©RafaeldelPino

PossiblyaRomanperiodmosaicfloorintheArchaeologicalMuseumofSeville,Spain.Undated.(Photo©RafaeldelPino)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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Romantemplestele

Picture6.2.3:Romantemplestele©StevePope

AstelefromtheRomantempleruins.Córdoba,Spain,100-500AD.(©StevePope)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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FloormosaicinBesancon

Picture6.2.4:Floormosaic©PierreDupont,Inrap

GeometricalmotifsinthemosaicsvisibleintheMuseumofFineArtsandArchaeology.Besancon,France,Gallo-RomanPeriod123BC–486AD.(©PierreDupont,Inrap)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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Floormosaic

Picture6.2.5:Floormosaic©heroesbed

GeometricalmotifsinthemosaicsvisibleintheMuseumofFineArtsandArchaeology.Besancon,France,Gallo-RomanPeriod123BC–486AD.(©heroesbed)

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Basilicafloormosaic

Picture6.2.6:Basilicafloormosaic©bulstack.com

AmosaicfloorfromthebasilicainthetownneartoYambol.Kabile,Bulgaria,400AD.(Photo©bulstack.com)

Sassanianbowl

ASassanianinscribedparcel-giltsilverbowl3 .400–500AD.

WallinSyria

About100kilometerswestofDeiraz-ZorontheEuphratesriverintheSyriandesertisthe

Ummayadhuntingchâteauwherewallpaintings4 resemblesdrawingsofLeonardodaVinci.Qasral-Hairash-Sharqi,729AD.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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Pavement

Picture6.2.7:Gothicchurchpavement©DeanandChapterofWestminster

AmulticoloropaqueglassCosmatipavementintheWestminsterAbbey5 Gothicchurch.London,England,1268AD.(Photo©DeanandChapterofWestminster)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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Byzantineruin

Picture6.2.8:Byzantine-eraruin©Abd

Byzantine-eraruinfromDeirSeta,Syria,around1400AD.(Photo©Abd)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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Hampitemplepillar

Picture6.2.9:Hampitemplepillar©WmJas

TheFlowerofLifesymbolinthepillarintheHampitemple6 .India,1400AD.(Photo©WmJas)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

45/68ArtifactsoftheFlowerofLife|Published:12/12/2015|Updated:01/12/2016|MarkoManninen©2016

Cemeterydecorations

Picture6.2.10:Ottomancemeterydecorations©MarkoManninen

OttomancemeteryheadstonedecorationsfromtheantiquefieldofancientSmyrna.Izmir,Turkey,1400AD.(Photo©MarkoManninen)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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Sarcophagus

Picture6.2.11:Ottomansarcophagus©MarkoManninen

AnOttomansarcophagusintheantiquefieldofancientSmyrna.Izmir,Turkey,1400AD.(Photo©MarkoManninen)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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CastleofRozmberk

Picture6.2.12:CastleofRozmberk©MarkLibal

FlowerofLifeandothergeometricsymbolsfromthecastleofRozmberk7 intheCzechRepublic.On14-16thcenturyADcastlewasownedbyaCzechalchemist,symbolsareprobablyfromthatperiod.(Photo©MarkLibal)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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LeonardodaVinci'snotes

Picture6.2.13:CodexAtlanticusfolio307v/PublicDomain

LeonardodaVinci'sexplorationsofthehexagonalgeometryonhisCodexAtlanticus8

notebooks,folio307verso9 .Italy,1500AD.(Photo©PublicDomain)

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6.2.1.6.2.2.6.2.3.6.2.4.6.2.5.6.2.6.6.2.7.6.2.8.6.2.9.6.2.10.

Stoneinscriptions

Picture6.2.14:Stoneinscriptions©KlearchosKapoutsis

InscriptiononthestonesofthesurroundingwallofDemirBabaTeke,AlevimausoleumnearthevillageofSveshtari,innortheasternBulgaria,1600AD.(Photo©KlearchosKapoutsis10 )

Karl:HouseofTragicPoetasHouseofGlaucus-Pompeii-MosaicfloorJamesEmery:Masadamosaicchristies.com:ASassanianparcel-giltsilverinscribedbowlHans-Christian:PictureoftempleruinsinQasral-Hairash-Sharqiwestminster-abbey.org:WestminsterAbbeyconservationwikipedia.org:Hampitemplewikipedia.org:CastleofRozmberkwikipedia.org:CodexAtlanticuswikimedia.org:CodexAtlanticus,folio307versoKlearchosKapoutsis:ДемирБабаТеке

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.com0AD-2000AD

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Undated

OrnamentattheTempleofOsiris

Picture6.3.1:Abydosornament©RayFlowers

ThefamousornamentfoundatthestoneslabintheTempleofOsiris.Claimedtohaveoriginsin3000BC(orevenmucholder),butcriticalanalysisgivesdatesfrom400-200BCtoevenafter1900AD.Abydos,Egypt.(Photo©RayFlowers)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comUndated

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Assyrianwalldecoration

Picture6.3.2:Assyrianwalldecoration©SanjinĐumišić

Picture6.3.3:Assyrianwalldecoration2©SanjinĐumišić

Assyrianwalldecorations1 inthePergamonMuseuminBerlin.Secondpicturehasvery

similarornamentthanSheftonhaspointedinhisbookaboutGreekVases2 .Yettobedated,possiblyfrom1stmillenniumBC.(Photo©SanjinĐumišić)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comUndated

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Six-petalflowerlunette

Picture6.3.4:Six-petalfloweronlunette©MarkoManninen

Picture6.3.5:Intersectingcirclesonlunette(zoom)©MarkoManninen

Asix-petalflowerlunetteabovethedooroftheOrthodoxchapel(upperpicture).Themorecomplexpatternofintersectingcirclescanbeseenonbothsidesofthecentercirclewhenthepictureiszoomedin(lowerpicture).Patmos,Chora,Greece.Undated.(Photos©MarkoManninen)

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comUndated

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FuDogSphere

Picture6.3.6:FuDogsphere©TysonAmick

AnearthsphereundertheFuDog(ormalelion/Buddha).ThisisacommondefenderstatueonthehousesandtemplesintheMingandQingdynasties.ThepictureisofoneofthestonelionsguardingtheJing'AnTempleinShanghai,China.Undated.(Photo©Tyson

Amick3 )

Gianturn

Agianturn4 intheroyalgardensoftheForbiddenCityinBeijing,China.Undated,butpossiblyfrom1400-1500AD.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comUndated

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Sikhtemplemarblefloor

Picture6.3.7:Sikhtemplemarbledecoration

MarblefloordecorationintheHarmandirSahibSikhtemple5 .Amritsar,India.Undated.Unabletotraceoriginalphotographer.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comUndated

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6.3.1.6.3.2.6.3.3.6.3.4.6.3.5.

Jewishpainting

Picture6.3.8:Jewishpainting

AJewishpaintingthathasaHebrewinscriptionaroundthecircleoftheFlowerofLife.Unplaced,Undated.Unabletotraceoriginalphotographer.

SanjinĐumišić:Sumer-PergamonMuseuminBerlinB.B.Shefton:Greekvases1989page54TysonAmick:StonelionsguardingtheJing'AnTempleinShanghaiJamieJanover:Gianturnwikipedia.org:HarmandirSahib

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comUndated

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7.1.

MapofartifactsoftheFlowerofLifeThemapbelow1 showslocationswherecatalogedartifactswerefound:

Picture7.1:MediterraneanandNearEastmapoftheFOLitems

MarkoManninen:GoogleMapsoftheFlowerofLifeitems

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comMapofartifactsoftheFlowerofLife

57/68ArtifactsoftheFlowerofLife|Published:12/12/2015|Updated:01/12/2016|MarkoManninen©2016

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comMapofartifactsoftheFlowerofLife

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Conclusions?IthinkitistooearlytodrawanyfirmconclusionsontheFlowerofLifesymbol.Datingofthesymbolisashardasusualwhentryingtotraceancientinventions.Wecanoftentalkonlyinaprecisionofthousandsofyears,ratherthanhundreds,evenifwespeakofrelativelynewhistory.ButitisclearthathistoryoftheFOLgoesfurtherthanmanyexpect.Itmakessensethatsix-petalrosettecamefirstbeforetheFOLprecedingrhombus,triangle,hexagonandzig-zagpatterns.Obliqueslopesresembling60degrees'anglegoestotheNeolithicperiodsandbeyond.

Howlongdidittakeforsix-petalrosettestodeveloptothecontinuousFOLpattern?Thatisoneofmanyquestionsthatarestillopen.Wedoneedclassificationstodistinguishthedevelopmentofthesymbolfromsimplepartstothecomplexformifwewanttoanswertothesequestions.DifferenttypesoftheFOLsymbol/patternarevisibleonpicturespresentedinthisessaybutnotalotoftimeisnotusedtospecifythemdistinctively.Thistaskbelongstothefutureworkonthesubject.

Anotherquestionisthedevelopmentofthedraftingcompass,thedivider,andthecaliper.ThesetoolsprovidedtherequiredaccuracytoconstructtheFOLpattern.Quiteoftenitis

believedthatEgyptiansdidn'tpossessthecompass,thattheyweremereropestretchers1 .Incontrasttothis,wecanseeoneoftheoldestobjectinthecurrentsurveycomingfromEgyptindeed!AnyonecanmaketheirownconclusionsifthoseEgyptiancosmeticboxlidcarvingsweremadewiththehelpofastringoramoreaccuratefixed/adjustablecompassthathadsharpanddurableendpoints.Museumobjectdescriptionsfavorthecompass.However,followingthisleadtogetmoreinformationabouttheFOLiskindofadeadendbecausebasedonthefoundartefactsthehistoryofthecompassbasedonartifactscanbetracedtoaround600BConly.ThisistheearliestcaliperwhichisfoundfromGiglio

shipwreckoffthecoastofTuscanyaccordingtoRogerUlrich2 .

ArewethusforcedtofollowamoreintuitivepathandfacetheoldGreekmythofPerdix3 ,whowasassumedtohaveinventedapairofcompassesandasaw?Alegendtells(see

Ovid'sdactylichexameterpoemMetamorphoses84 )thatazig-zagfiguredsawwasmadefromthespineofafish:

He(Perdix)tookthejaggedbackboneofafish,andwithitasamodelmadeasaw,withsharpteethfashionedfromastripofiron.Andhewasfirsttomaketwoarmsofiron,smoothhingeduponthecenter,sothatonewouldmakeapivotwhiletheother,turned,describedacircle.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comConclusions?

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8.1.8.2.8.3.8.4.8.5.

Interestingly,tessellationfigure(thesaw)andcircledrawingtool(thecompass)arecombinedonthesamestory.Perdix,whowassavedbygettingwings,witnessedthefalloftheIcarus,wholosthiswings.Let'staketheadvicefromtheinstructivelegendandbemoderatewithfurtherconclusionsatthispoint.

Asitiswithdating,itiswithlocating.WheredidasophisticatedsenseofgeometricformsdeveloptosuchadegreethatdrawingtheFOLbecameanabilityofahumantobedrawn?

Weshouldn'tforgetthatdesignsofSamarradishes5 areamazinglyrefinedwhiletheygoasfaras7500yearsbackinthehistory.

WhatwasthemeaningoftheFOLthen?Itisunlikelythatthenameandthemeaningwerecarriedoutfrommillenniumtomillenniumandunchangedthroughdifferentcultures.Sometimesthesymbolwasprobablyusedasaninterestingdecorationandornament,pleasingandexcitingontheeyeofanartisan,maybewithoutanyspecificprofoundmeaningandname.Sometimesitappearsclearlyinareligiouscontext.Later,whenI'mstrugglingmorewiththemathematicalandgeometricalpropertiesoftheFOLaswellasdoingcomparativemythologicalandetymologicalstudies,Iwillpresentpossiblemeaningsandnamesattachedtothesymbol.

L.R.Shelby:MedievalMasons'Tools1961page237RogerB.Ulrich:RomanWoodworking1961pages52-53wikipedia.org:PerdixmythologyOvid:Metamorphoses81ADMarkoManninen:SamarrageometryPinterestboard

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comConclusions?

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Pic.1.1Pic.1.2Pic.2.1.1Pic.2.1.2Pic.2.1.3Pic.2.1.4Pic.2.2.1Pic.2.2.2

Pic.3.1Pic.4.1Pic.5.1Pic.6.1.1Pic.6.1.2Pic.6.1.3Pic.6.1.4Pic.6.1.5Pic.6.1.6Pic.6.1.7Pic.6.1.8Pic.6.1.9Pic.6.1.10Pic.6.1.11

CreditsIneedtocreditallpicturecopyrightholdersandworkmadebynumerousartistsandauthors.WithouttheirwillingnesstosharetheirworkitwouldbeimpossibletopresentthecontinuityoftheFOLsymbolbyitsvariousappearancesinanysatisfactoryway.

MostofthepictureshavebeenpublishedwithCreativeCommonslicense1 .Itwasstraightforwardtousethoseimagesinthisbook.Ihavepublishedallmyownphotosandillustrationswiththesamelicense.Ibelieveitisthewaytokeepcreativeworkandresearchhasslefreeandenjoyableforeveryone.

SpecialthankstoMinnaHaatajaforproofreadingandeditinghelpwiththefirstandthesecondeditionofthebook.

Pictures

ArtifactsoftheFOLpotpourrifromPinterestboardTheFlowerofLife/PublicDomainTheCownosegeometricpattern©MarkoManninenCownoseraysresemblingtheCownosepattern©DocLucioCeremonialvesselwiththeCownosepatternfromHarappan©LACMAHarappanjarswiththeCownosepattern©Dakshayini(left),Ismoon(right)Abacusorcalculationtableinbase60©JaimeVladimirTorres-HerediaConemosaiconaUrukfacade©ZentralarchivderStaatlichenMuseenzuBerlin-PreußischerKulturbesitzArtifactsoftheFOLpotpourrifromPinterestboardArtifactsoftheFOLpotpourrifromPinterestboardArtifactsoftheFOLpotpourrifromPinterestboardGoldsix-petalrosettefoils©MarkoManninenWoodencosmeticbox©METSilvergoblet©MarkoManninenGoldengoblet©1985PhotoRMN/PierreetMauriceChuzevilleIvorywhorl©MarkoManninenIdalioncup©PublicDomainBronzevessel©NYPLDigitalLibraryStonefloorsill©MarkoManninenSilverbeaker©OveKanebergCavearches©VivekS.KaleFloormosaicatEphesus©Ken&Nyetta

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comCredits

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Pic.6.1.12Pic.6.1.13Pic.6.2.1Pic.6.2.2Pic.6.2.3Pic.6.2.4Pic.6.2.5Pic.6.2.6Pic.6.2.7Pic.6.2.8Pic.6.2.9Pic.6.2.10Pic.6.2.11Pic.6.2.12Pic.6.2.13Pic.6.2.14Pic.6.3.1Pic.6.3.2Pic.6.3.3Pic.6.3.4Pic.6.3.5Pic.6.3.6Pic.6.3.7Pic.6.3.8Pic.7.1

9.1.

FloormosaicinCyprus©AndrewSweeneyFloormosaicatHerodium©ShmuelBrownsBrokenfloormosaic©JamesEmeryMosaicfloorinSeville©RafaeldelPinoRomantemplestele©StevePopeFloormosaic©PierreDupont,InrapFloormosaic©heroesbedBasilicafloormosaic©bulstack.comGothicchurchpavement©DeanandChapterofWestminsterByzantine-eraruin©AbdHampitemplepillar©WmJasOttomancemeterydecorations©MarkoManninenOttomansarcophagus©MarkoManninenCastleofRozmberk©MarkLibalCodexAtlanticusfolio307v/PublicDomainStoneinscriptions©KlearchosKapoutsisAbydosornament©RayFlowersAssyrianwalldecoration©SanjinĐumišićAssyrianwalldecoration2©SanjinĐumišićSix-petalfloweronlunette©MarkoManninenIntersectingcirclesonlunette(zoom)©MarkoManninenFuDogsphere©TysonAmickSikhtemplemarbledecorationJewishpaintingMediterraneanandNearEastmapoftheFOLitems

wikipedia.org:CreativeCommonslicense

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comCredits

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References

Bibliography

DrunvaloMelchizedek:TheancientsecretoftheFlowerofLife,Vol.1&2(1999&2000)EleanorRobson:Mesopotamianmathematics(1999)EleanorRobson:TheapsamikkuinNeo-BabylonianMathematics(2007)JoranFriberg:AremarkablecollectionofBabylonianmathematicaltexts(2007)DuncanJ.Melville:SomeoldBabyloniangeometry(2005)B.J.McCartin:Mysteriesoftheequilateraltriangle(2010)B.B.Shefton:Greekvases(1989)PaulineAlbenda:Assyriancarpetsinstone(1978)StephenWolfram:Anewkindofscience(2002)SerçeLimani:AnEleventh-CenturyShipwreckVol.1,TheShipandItsAnchorage,Crew,andPassenger(2004)E.R.Goodenough:JewishSymbolsintheGrecoRoman,Vol.5&7(1958)D.T.Potts:ACompaniontotheArchaeologyoftheAncientNearEast(2012)GeorginaHerrmann,StuartLaidlaw:IvoriesfromNimrudVI(2008)BeatriceTeissier:AncientNearEasternCylinderSealsfromtheMarcopoliCollection(1984)RogerB.Ulrich:RomanWoodworking(2013)L.R.Shelby:MedievalMasons'Tools(1961)Ovid:Metamorphoses8(1AD)LeonardodaVinci:CodexAtlanticus(1500)JalmeD.V.Redon:Elmosaicoromanoconinscripcwxiloca3ibericade"lacaridad"(1989)Lawergren&Gurney:SoundHolesAndGeometricalFigures(1987)

Websites

wikipedia.orgwikimedia.orglouvre.frmetmuseum.orgbritishmuseum.orglacma.orgchristies.compinterest.com

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comReferences

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0.1.1.1.1.2.1.3.1.4.1.5.1.6.2.1.1.2.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.4.2.1.5.2.1.6.2.1.7.2.2.1.

2.2.2.

2.2.3.2.2.4.

2.2.5.2.2.6.2.2.7.

3.1.

3.2.3.3.3.4.3.5.4.1.4.2.5.1.5.2.5.3.

flickr.com

Citations

wikipedia.org:FlowerofLifegeometryMarkoManninen:FlowerofLifePinterestboardDrunvaloMelchizedek:TheAncientSecretoftheFlowerofLife1999,2000wikipedia.org:Fleur-de-liswikipedia.org:TreeofLifewikipedia.org:FlowerofLifearchivedwikipagewikimedia.org:AssyrianstonecarpetEleanorRobson:Mesopotamianmathematics1999Chapter2DuncanJ.Melville:SomeOldBabyloniangeometry2005wikipedia.org:Cownoserayswikipedia.org:Ceremonialvessel,Harappan,2600-2450BCEMarkoManninen:CownosePinterestboardEleanorRobson:TheapsamikkuinNeo-BabylonianMathematics2007page214Lawergren&Gurney:SoundHolesAndGeometricalFigures1987PlateXJoranFriberg:ARemarkableCollectionofBabylonianMathematicalTexts2007MS3051onthepage207DavidFowlerandEleanorRobson:SquareRootApproximationsinOldBabylonianMathematics1998SwapanKumarAdhikaari:Babylonianmathematics1997JaimeVladimir:Ageometricallinkbetweenthecircleandsexagesimalsystem2005wikipedia.org:Conemosaiccourtyardchristies.com:TheSumerianbrownstonecylindersealBeatriceTeissier:AncientNearEasternCylinderSealsfromtheMarcopoliCollection1984page117,no.18D.T.Potts:ACompaniontotheArchaeologyoftheAncientNearEast2012chapter6B.B.Shefton:Greekvases1989pages47-57CharlesK.Wilkinson:ArtoftheMarlikCulture1965page104PaulineAlbenda:AssyrianCarpetsinStone1978KaleV:DivineLightatBedseCaves,April2014Karl:HouseofTragicPoetasHouseofGlaucus-Pompeii-MosaicfloorHans-Christian:PictureoftempleruininQasral-Hairash-Sharqiwikipedia.org:VesicaPiscisorthodoxwiki.org:MandorlaS.Limani:AnEleventhCenturyShipwreckVol.1page405

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comReferences

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5.4.5.5.5.6.

6.1.6.1.1.6.1.2.6.1.3.6.1.4.6.1.5.6.1.6.6.1.7.

6.1.8.6.1.9.6.1.10.6.1.11.6.1.12.6.1.13.6.1.14.6.1.15.6.1.16.6.1.17.6.1.18.6.1.19.6.1.20.6.1.21.

6.1.22.6.1.23.6.1.24.6.2.1.6.2.2.6.2.3.6.2.4.6.2.5.6.2.6.6.2.7.6.2.8.6.2.9.

E.R.Goodenough:JewishSymbolsintheGrecoRoman,Vol.5&71958StephenWolfram:WolframScience2002page872,notedFrankJ.Swetz:FromFiveFingerstoInfinity:AJourneyThroughtheHistoryofMathematics1994BillT.Arnold:WhoWereTheBabylonians?2005page13metmuseum.org:CircularCosmeticBoxwithaSwivelLidmetmuseum.org:CosmeticBoxwithaSwivelToplouvre.fr:Gobeletornédemonstresailésaffrontésdooroodiran:MarlikCultureCharlesK.Wilkinson:ArtoftheMarlikCulture1965page104louvre.fr:Gobletdecoratedwithwinged,two-headedmonsters,graspinggazellesNigahban,IzzatAllah:Marlik:thecompleteexcavationreport.v.2:Illustrations1996britishmuseum.org:Spindlewhorllacma.org:Bronzebowlwikimedia.org:CupIdalionLouvreGeorginaHerrmann,StuartLaidlaw:IvoriesfromNimrudVI2008Plate40B.B.Shefton:Greekvases1989page56GeorginaHerrmann,StuartLaidlaw:IvoriesfromNimrudVI2008Plate55GeorginaHerrmann,StuartLaidlaw:IvoriesfromNimrudVI2008Plate102StephenWolfram:WolframScience2002page872,notednypl.org:BronzevesselsfromNimroudbritishmuseum.org:Doorsillbritishmuseum.org:Doorsillsmvk.se:SilverbeakerGraspGra:BuddhisttempleofPitalkhoraJalmeD.V.Redon:Elmosaicoromanoconinscripcwxiloca3ibericade'lacaridad'page20,23,25Ken&Nyetta:MosaicandFrescofromHillhousesofAncienntEphesusAndrewSweeney:Kourion-AncientTownShmuelBrowns:RomanBathHousefromHerodiumKarl:HouseofTragicPoetasHouseofGlaucus-Pompeii-MosaicfloorJamesEmery:Masadamosaicchristies.com:ASassanianparcel-giltsilverinscribedbowlHans-Christian:PictureoftempleruinsinQasral-Hairash-Sharqiwestminster-abbey.org:WestminsterAbbeyconservationwikipedia.org:Hampitemplewikipedia.org:CastleofRozmberkwikipedia.org:CodexAtlanticuswikimedia.org:CodexAtlanticus,folio307verso

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6.2.10.6.3.1.6.3.2.6.3.3.6.3.4.6.3.5.7.1.8.1.8.2.8.3.8.4.8.5.9.1.

KlearchosKapoutsis:ДемирБабаТекеSanjinĐumišić:Sumer-PergamonMuseuminBerlinB.B.Shefton:Greekvases1989page54TysonAmick:StonelionsguardingtheJing'AnTempleinShanghaiJamieJanover:Gianturnwikipedia.org:HarmandirSahibMarkoManninen:GoogleMapsoftheFlowerofLifeitemsL.R.Shelby:MedievalMasons'Tools1961page237RogerB.Ulrich:RomanWoodworking1961pages52-53wikipedia.org:PerdixmythologyOvid:Metamorphoses81ADMarkoManninen:SamarrageometryPinterestboardwikipedia.org:CreativeCommonslicense

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comReferences

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KeywordsThislistofkeywordsandphrasescanbeusedtosearchmoreinformationabouttheFOLfromlibrariesandsearchengines:

FlowerofLife,six-petalrosette,rosette,rosettenet,sixrayedstar,sixspokedwheel,apsamikku/apsamikkum,concavesquare,squarerootof3,intersectingcircles,hexagon,equilateraltriangle,rhombus,VesicaPiscis,goblets,beakers,pyxis,vases,vessels,cosmeticlids,ivorycarvings,whorls,mosaics,cylinderseals,60degrees,sacredgeometry,geometricpatterns.

http://artifacts.flowerofliferesearch.comKeywords

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AbouttheAuthor

MarkoManninenisanindiewriter,akirtanmusician,anda

professionalprogrammer.Hehasspentthelast25yearsstudyingpracticalsymbolismandperennial

philosophy.

PDF EPUB MOBI

ArtifactsoftheFlowerofLifeelectronicbookispublishedinfourdifferentformats:Online,PDF,EPUBandMOBI

Thedebateoverthecontroversialsymbol,theFlowerofLife,isgettingtoanewlevelwiththeuncompromisedindependentresearchthatdemystifiesthehistoryoftheFlowerofLife,yethonorsthelegacyoftheAncients.

"PrerequisiteforthegenerationoftheFOLwasfulfilledintheancientMesopotamiaalreadyinthe3rdmillenniumBC."

Highlightsoftheessayare:

TheearlydevelopmentofthegeometryoftheFlowerofLifeIntroductionoftheCownose,anotherintersectingcirclespatternthatisrelatedwiththeFlowerofLifeCatalogingover40itemsthatcontaintheFlowerofLifesymbolrangingfrom1600BCto1600AD

"Forthefirsttime,thehistoricalartifactsoftheFlowerofLifearepresentedinthisformorinthisscale".