An annolaled bibliography for dermalologisls II lilt I l l II I I

Articles selected from the nondermatologic literature of interest to dermatologists Bruce H. Thiers, M.D. Charleston, SC

ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Activation and regulation of human immune responses: Implications in normal and disease states

Fauci A, Lane H, Volkman D: Ann Intern Med 99:61-75, 1983

Review article.

Complement, the immune complex lattice, and the pathophysiology of complement-deficiency syndromes

Schifferli J, Peters D: Lancet 2:957-959, 1983

Components of the classical pathway of complement activation may normally keep immune complexes sol- uble for a time sufficient enough to allow for safe elim- ination by the mononuclear phagocyte system. De- ficiency of an early component of the classical pathway might cause precipitation of antigen-antibody com- plexes and lead to immunologically mediated inflam- mation,

Hypothesis: Autoantibodies are anti-idiotype ' antibodies to antiviral antibodies

Plotz P Lancet 2:824-826, 1983

The author suggests yet another mechanism by which viral infection may lead to autoimmune disease.

Numerical and functional deficiency of sup- pressor T cells precedes development of atopic eczema

chandra R, Baker M: Lancet 2:1393-1394, 1983

The authors suggest that a defect of T-cell regulation precedes clinical atopic disease and is of primary pathogenetic importance.

From th~ Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina.

No reprints available.

Characterization of the mononuclear cell infil- trate in atopic dermatitis using monoclonal an- tibodies

Leung D, Bhan A, Schneeberger E, et al: J Al- lergy Clin Immunol 71:47-56, 1983

Infiltrating mononuclear cells in involved and unin- volved skin of patients with atopic dermatitis are pre- dominantly helper T cells. The proportion of sup- pressor cells is significantly reduced. This suggests that the depression of circulating suppressor cells in patients with atopic dermatitis is not due to the selective migra- tion of these cells into the skin.

Is migraine food allergy?

Egger J, Carter C, Wilson J, et al: Lancet 2:865- 869, 1983

An allergic pathogenesis for migraine is suggested by this study in which 93% of eighty-eight children with severe frequent migraine recovered on oligoan- tigenic diets.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS

Systemic lupus erythematosus: 3 5 years of treatment related to immunopathology

Morrow W, Youinou-P, Isenberg D, et al: Lancet 2:206-210, 1983

A review of the immunopathology of systemic lupus erythematosus and its treatment by manipulation of the immune response.

Anticardiolipin antibodies: Detection by radio- immunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus

Harris E, Gharavi A, Boey M, et a l: Lancet 2:1211-1214, 1983

Sixty-one percent of serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had high levels of

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anticardiolipin antibodies when measured using a new solid-phase radioimmunoassay; this test appears to have predictive value for risk of thombosis in these individuals.

Antibodies to Sm and RNP: Prognosticators of disease involvement

Munves E, Schur P: Arthritis Rheum 26:848-853, 1983

Patients with anti-Sin are more likely to have renal disease and antibodies to double-stranded deoxyribo- nucleic acid (DNA), single-stranded DNA and nuclear protein than are patients with anti-RNP.

Connective-tissue disease, antibodies to ribo- nucleoprotein, and congenital heart block

Scott J, Maddison P, Taylor P, et al: N Engl J Med 309:209-212, 1983

Maternal anti-Ro(SS-A) antibody appears to cross the placenta and is a marker for risk of congenital complete heart block in offspring.

Immunogenetics of the neonatal lupus syn- drome

Lee L, Bias W, Arnett F Jr, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:592-596, 1983

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations are described for mothers of infants with neonatal lupus erythematosus, a syndrome associated with congenital heart block, transient cutaneous lesions, and SSA/Ro autoantibodies that are passed across the placenta from mother to child. Infants become seronegative by age 8 months. The authors hypothesize that gene products of the DR or similar regions may be associated with auto- antibody production but are not directly involved in the tissue injury.

Hypothesis: On the nature of Raynaud's phe- nomenon: The role of histamine

Lafferty K, De Trafford J, Roberts V, et al: Lan- cet 2:313-315, 1983

The authors suggest that Raynaud's phenomenon may occur as a result of a "local fault" in the hista- minergic vasodilating system that modulates blood flow to the digits.

Nifedipine as a therapeutic modality for Ray- naud's phenomenon

Winston E, Pauser K, Miller K, et al: Arthritis Rheum 26:1177-1180, 1983

Another study supporting the use of nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.

Presentation, treatment, and prognosis of idio- pathic inflammatory muscle disease in a rural hospital

Hoffman G, Franck W, Raddatz D, et al: Am J Med 75:433-438, 1983

The authors question the cost-effectiveness of an ex- tensive evaluation for occult malignancy in patients with idiopathic myositis.

Serologic evidence for acute toxoplasmosis in polymyositis-dermatomyositis

Magid S, Kagen L: Am J Med 75:313-320, 1983

Data is presented supporting the hypothesis that in- fection with Toxoplasma gondii may be etiologically important in the pathogenesis of polymyositis-der- matomyositis.

The therapeutic impact of temporal artery biopsy

Hall S, Persellin S, Lie J, et al: Lancet 2:1217- 1220, 1983

Temporal artery biopsy predicts the subsequent need for corticosteroid therapy in an overwhelming majority of patients with giant cell arteritis and should always be done before patients are committed to long-term therapy.

Reiter~s syndrome and reactive arthritis in per- spective

Keat A: N Engl J Med 309:1606-1615, 1983

A good review of Reiter's syndrome from a rheumatologic point of view.

INFECTIOUS DISORDERS

Drug therapy: Trea tment of herpesvirus in- fections (parts 1 and 2)

Hirsch M, Schooley R: N Engl J Med 309:963- 970, 1034-1039, 1983

An excellent review of topical and systemic treat- ment of herpesvirus infections.

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Articles from nondermatologic literature 271

Acyclovir prophylaxis against herpes simplex virus infection in patients with leukemia

Saral F, Ambinder R, Burns W, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:773-776, 1983

Although there was no effect on viral latency (as demonstrated by the recurrence of infection after ces- sation of treatment), intravenous acyclovir provided highly effective prophylaxis against reactivated herpes simplex virus infections in adult patients with acute leukemia receiving timed sequential chemotherapy.

Prophylaxis of herpes infections after bone marrow transplantation by oral acyclovir

Gluckman E, Lotsberg J, Devergie A, et al: Lan- cet 2:706-708, 1983

Although oral acyclovir successfully protected bone- marrow transplant patients from herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infections, these disorders did recur after the cessation of treatment.

Varicella and herpes zoster: Changing concepts of the natural history, control, and importance of a not-so-benign virus (parts 1 and 2)

Weller T: N Engl J Med 309:1362-1373, 1434- 1440, 1983

Excellent review article.

Varicella-zoster virus RNA in human trigemi- nal ganglia

Hyman R, Ecker J, Tenser R: Lancet 2:814-816, 1983

In situ hybridization demonstrated varicella zoster virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) in 0% to 0.3% of trigemi- nal ganglia neurons removed from fresh cadavers of individuals without a history of current or recent herpes zoster.

DNA mapping of paired varicella.zoster virus isolates from patients with shingles

Pichini B, Ecker J, Grose C, et al: Lancet 2:1223-1225, 1983

Analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) taken from varicella-zoster lesions at two separate sites in the same individuals suggests that clinical shingles is the manifestation of a single varicella-zoster strain that be- comes reactivated and causes both a viremia and a der- matomal exanthem.

Lyme disease

Myerhoff J: Am J Med 75:663-670, 1983

A review of the epidemiologic, clinical and labora- tory features, and treatment of Lyme disease.

The early clinical manifestations of Lyme disease

Steere A, Bartenhagen N, Craft J, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:76-82, 1983

Erythema chronicum migrans occurs as an early manifestation of Lyme disease and may, in fact, herald its onset.

Treatment of the early manifestations of Lyme disease

Steere A, Hutchison G, Rahn D, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:22-26, 1983

Tetracycline is the drug of choice for early Lyme disease.

Variant strain of Propionibacterium acnes: A clue to the etiology of Kawasaki disease

Kato H, Fujimoto T, Inoue O, et al: Lancet 2:1383-1388, 1983

Laboratory infection with a variant strain of Pro- pionibacterium acnes was found in some patients with Kawasaki disease; inoculation of animals with the or- ganism caused a Kawasaki-like disorder suggesting that the bacillus is pathogenic.

Absence of the seventh component of comple- ment in a patient with chronic meningococ- cemia presenting as vasculitis

Adams E, Hustead S, Rubin P, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:35-38, 1983

Chronic neisserial infection may be associated with C7 deficiency and must be distinguished from other causes of cutaneous vasculitis.

Staphylococcus epidermidis infections

Lowy F, Hammer S: Ann Intern Med 99: 834-839, 1983

Staphylococcus epidermidis may be a primary pathogen in infections associated with prosthetic devices.

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Anaerobic vaginosis (non-specific vaginitis): Clinical,, microbiological and therapeutic find- ings

Blackwell A, Fox A, Phillips I, et al: Lancet 2:1379-1382, 1983

Anaerobic vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis) responds well to metronidazole; thus, there is no need for an expensive and time-consuming laboratory work-up.

Single-dose therapy of chancroid with trimeth- oprim-sulfametrole

Plummet F, Nsanze H, D'Costa L, et al: N Engl J Med 309:67-71, 1983

Single-dose trimethoprim-sulfametrole is a highly effective, inexpensive therapy for chancroid in men and may prove to be invaluable for the control of the disease.

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Gottlieb M, Groopman J, Weinstein W, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:208-220, 1983

Review article.

Generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men

Metroka C, Cunningham-Rundles S, Pollack M, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:585-591, 1983

Generalized lymphadenopathy may be part of the spectrum of a disorder manifested by acquired immu- nodeficiency, opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sar- coma, and malignant lymphomas.

Altered distribution of B and T lymphocytes in lymph-nodes from homosexual men with Ka- posi's sarcoma

Modlin R, Hofman F, Meyer P, et al: Lancet 2:768-771, 1983

The authors present data implicating B lymphocyte proliferation in the pathogenesis of the altered immu- nologic status in homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma.

Abnormalities of B-cell activation and immu- noregulation in patients with the acquired im- munodeficiency syndrome

Lane H, Masur H, Edgar L, et al: N Engl J Med 309:453-458, 1983

The authors demonstrate hyperactive spontaneous B-cell responses as well as refractoriness to signals for T cell-independent B cell activation in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, suggesting that the scope of immune dysfunction in this disorder involves B cells as well as T cells.

Hypothesis: Acquired immunodefieiency syn- d rome is an opportunistic infection and Ka- posi 's sarcoma results from secondary i m m u n e stimulation

Levy J, Ziegler J: Lancet 2:78-81, 1983

The authors suggest that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an opportunistic infection that causes dis- ease only in individuals who are already compromised by other viral disorders. The high incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in these patients may be due to a reactive secretion of immunomodulating factors with angiogen- esis-promoting activity that reflects the body's attempt to bring the immune system back into balance.

National case-control study of Kaposi's sar- coma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 1. Epidemiologic results

Jaffe H, Choi K, Thomas P, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:145-151, 1983

A discussion of the risk factors for development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

National case-control study of Kaposi's sar- coma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 2. Laboratory results

Rogers M, Morens D, Stewart J, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:151-158, 1983

A discussion of laboratory abnormalities in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

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Antibodies to human T cell leukaemia v i r u s / associated membrane antigens in haemophil- iacs: Evidence for infection before 1980

Evatt B, Stein S, Francis D, et al: Lancet 2:698- 700, 1983

Transfusion with blood products may expose hemo- philiacs to a substantial risk of acquiring human T cell leukemia virus or a related virus.

Hepatitis B surface antigen could harbour the infective agent of AIDS

McDonald M, Hamilton J, Durack D: Lancet 2: 882-884, 1983

The authors propose that the agent causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome could be a strand of nu- cleic acid residing within hepatitis B surface antigen,

Role of hepatitis B virus in acquired immu- nodeficiency syndrome

Ravenholt R: Lancet 2:885-886, 1983

Hepatitis B virus may p]ay a principal role in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Experimental transmission of macaque AIDS by means of inoculation of macaque lymphoma tissue

Letvin N, Aldrich W, King N, et al: Lancet 2:599-602, 1983

The authors were able to transfer an animal model for human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from diseased macaque monkeys to previously healthy macaques by inoculation of either tissue or a cell-free filtrate of macaque lymphoma.

Experimental transmission of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) and Ka- posi-like skin lesions

London W, Sever J, Madden D, et al: Lancet 2:869-873, 1983

Simian-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was experimentally transmitted from two Rhesus monkeys to four cytomegalovirus antibody-negative Rhesus monkeys using an inoculum consisting of the superna- rant fluid from 10% homogenates of various tissues with or without buffy coat cells from blood.

INHERITED DISORDERS

Recent advances in chronic granulomatous disease

Gallin J, Buescher P, Seligmann B, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:657-674, 1983

Review article emphasizing laboratory abnormalities and management of patients with chronic granuloma- tous disease.

Pyoderma, eczema, and folliculitis with defec- tive leucocyte and lymphocyte function: New familial immunodeficiency disease responsive to a histamine-l-antagonist

Jung L, Englehard D, Kapoor N, et al: Lancet 2:185-187, 1983

The response of the abnormalities of lymphocyte and leukocyte function as well as the clinical manifestations of this syndrome to chlorpheniramine suggests that de- fective histamine metabolism or an abnormal expres- sion of histamine receptors on lymphocytes and leuko- cytes may play a role in its pathogenesis.

Ataxia-telangiectasia: A mnltisystem hereditary disease with immunodeficieney, impa i red organ maturation, x-ray hypersensi t ivi ty and a high incidence of neoplasia

Waldmann T, Misiti J, Nelson D, et al: Ann Intern Med 99:367-379, 1983

Review article.

Topical cholesterol treatment of recessive X-linked ichthyosis

Lykkesfeldt G, Hoyer H: Lancet 2:1337-1338, 1983

A reduction in the cholesterol content of the stratum corneum may be responsible for the abnormal scaling in recessive X-linked ichthyosis; patients in this study responded well to a cream containing 10% cholesterol.

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

An evaluation of vertical growth in thin su- perficial spreading melanomas by sequential serial microscopic sections

Solomon A, Ellis C, Headington J: Cancer 52:2338-2341, 1983

The authors suggest a standardized sampling tech- nic using sections taken at consecutive 3-ram intervals

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to examine excision specimens of malignant mel- anoma,

Acra l lentiginous melanoma: A clinicopath- ologic s tudy of 36 patients

Paladugu R, Winberg C, Yonemoto R: Cancer 52:161-168, 1983

Review article.

The prognost ic value of T- lymphocyte levels in mal ignant melanoma: A five-year follow up

Bernengo M, Lisa F, Meregalli M, et al: Cancer 52:1841-1848, 1983

The appearance of metastatic malignant melanoma appears to correlate with a suddent drop in T lympho- cyte levels.

Prognostic parameters in r ecur ren t malignant melanoma

Karakousis C, Temple D, Moore R, et ah Cancer 52:575-579, 1983

Following recurrence of malignant melanoma, the dominant parameter of subsequent survival is the stage of disease at the time of first recurrence; other parame- ters include the number of clinically distinct tumor nodules, the length of the prior disease-free interval in stages III B and IV, and the organ predominantly in- volved in Stage IV.

Surgery in recurrent ma l ignan t melanoma

Karakousis C, More R, Holyoke E: Cancer 52:1343-1345, 1983

A combination of surgical removal of metastatic le- sions and chemotherapy offers improved palliation in patients with a small number of lesions of metastatic malignant melanoma and a long previous disease-free interval.

Hype r the rmic adjuvant per fus ion chemother- apy for stage I malignant me lanoma of the ex- t remity with literature rev iew

Rege V, Leone L, Soderberg C Jr, et al: Cancer 52:2033-2039, 1983

Hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy using mel- phalan followed by excision or wide re-excision of the area and regional lymph node dissection may offer an improved prognosis when compared to conventional surgical methods for clinical stage I malignant mela-

noma. This is particularly true for lesions greater than 1.5 mm in thickness and for patients 50 years of age or younger.

NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER

Detection of human papi l lomavirus type 5 DNA in skin cancers of an immunosuppressed renal allograft recipient

Lutzner M, Orth G, Dutronquay V, et ah Lancet 2:422-424, 1983

Human papillomavirus type 5 may play a role in cutaneous oncogenesis in renal allograft recipients.

Detection of RNA complementary to herpes simplex virus in human oral squamous cell carc inoma

Eglin R, Scully C, Lehner T, et ah Lancet 2:766- 768, 1983

Strong evidence is presented implicating herpes simplex virus in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Mar jo l in ' s ulcer: The LSU experience

Barr L, Menard J: Cancer 52:173-175, 1983

Marjolin's ulcers (squamous cell carcinomas origi- nating in areas of chronic injury) are a virulent form of skin cancer; the incidence of metastatic disease and mortality is particularly high in patients with lower ex- tremity lesions.

Responsiveness of metastat ic basal cell carci- noma to chemotherapy: A case r epor t

Wieman T, Shively E, Woodcock T: Cancer 52:1583-1585, 1983

Basal cell carcinoma metastatic beyond the regional lymph nodes carries an extremely poor prognosis. The authors report a patient whose metastatic tumor re- sponded to combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and vinblastine.

Merkel cells and Merkel cell tumors : Ultra- structure~ immunocytochemis t ry and review of the l i terature

Warner T, Uno H, Hafez G, et ah Cancer 52:238-245, 1983

Review article.

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LYMPHOMA AND LEUKEMIA

Ointment-based mechlorethamine treatment for mycosis fungoides

Price N, Hoppe R, Deneau D: Cancer 52:2214- 2219, 1983

The use of ointment-based mechlorethamine, pre- pared by an anhydrous method, is associated with a very low incidence of contact hypersensitivity while maintaining its efficacy in treating mycosis fun- goides. (See also Arch Dermatol 118:234-237, 1982.)

Viruses and human neoplasia

Groopman J: Am J Med 75:377-380, 1983

Review article.

Clinical course of retrovirus-associated adult T-cell lymphoma in the United States

Bunn P Jr, Schechter G, Jaffe E, et al: N Engl J Med 309:257-264, 1983

Retrovirus-associated adult T cell lymphoma in the United States follows an aggressive course with the rapid onset of disseminated skin lesions or symptoms related to hypercalcemia and other metabolic distur- bances, or both.

Human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus-as- sociated lymphoreticular neoplasia in Jamaica

Blattner W, Gibbs W, Saxinger C, et al: Lancet 2:61-64, 1983

Human T leukemia/lymphoma virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease appears to be a distinct clinicopathologic entity and an important cause of lym- phoreticular neoplasia in Jamaica.

Lymphomatoid papulosis: Case report provid- ing evidence for a monocyte-macrophage origin of the atypical cells

Poppema S, van Voorst Vader P, Rozeboom- Uiterwijk, et al: Cancer 52:1178-1182, 1983

The authors suggest that "classical" lymphomatoid papulosis is not a cutaneous T cell lymphoma but is the expression of an abnormal immune reaction in the skin.

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: Long- term follow-up study

Pangalis G, Moran E, Nathwani B, et al: Cancer 52:318-321, 1983

Review article.

MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS

Improved diagnosis of mastocytosis by mea- surement of urinary histamine metaboIites

Keyzer JH, deMonchy J, van Doormaal J, et al: N Engl J Med 309:1603-1605, 1983

Determination of urinary histamine metabolites is more specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of mas- tocytosis than is the determination of urinary histamine itself.

Infantile digital fibromatosis: Identification of actin filaments in cytoplasmic inclusions by heavy meromyosin binding

Iwaski H, Kikuchi M, Ohtsuki I, et al: Cancer 52:1653-1661, 1983

The cytoplasmic inclusions in the tumor cells of in- fantile digital fibromatosis, thought to be of viral origin by some investigators, probably represent abnormal contraction of actin filaments in the cytoplasm of myofibroblasts.

THERAPEUTICS

The pharmacology and clinical use of metho- trexate

Jolivet J, Cowan K, Curt G, et al: N Engl J Meal 209:1094-1104, 1983

Although this review article deals mainly with high-dose regimens used to treat neoplastic disease, the pharmacology and side effects of methotrexate should be familiar to all dermatologists who use the drug to treat patients with severe psoriasis.

Peritoneal dialysis for psoriasis

Whittier F, Evans D, Anderon P, et al: Ann Intern Meal 99:165-168, 1983

This controlled study suggests that peritoneal dialy- sis may be a useful therapeutic modality for patients with severe debilitating plaque-type psoriasis after con- ventional and other forms of therapy have failed.

Irrigation treatment of leg ulcers

Svedman P: Lancet 2:532-534, 1983

A special dressing allowing for isotonic saline irri- gation of leg ulcers may be useful for cleaning the wound and accelerating the formation of granulation tissue.