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Arthritis

Arthritis is derived from Greek words: arthron,that means joint, and itis, that means

inflammation. Arthritis is a condition of a painful joint. Arthritis usually happen in elder people, but its

not always associated with aging process, its also can strikes young people.Beside makes pain in joint,

arthritis also causes swelling of the joints and a reduction in flexibility. People with arthritis may

experience arthralgia, but people with arthralgia may not have arthritis. Arthralgia is aching or pain in

the joints in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). People usually underestimates seriousness of arthritis.

Actually we shouldnt underestimate it, because arthritis can cause disability.

In IBD, arthritis differentiated by 3 forms. They are: Peripheral arthritis, axial arthritis, and

ankylosing spondylitis. Peripheral arthritis is arthritis which produces pain in the large joints such as

joints of arms and legs, including elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles. Axial arthritis which usually called as

spondylitis or spondyloarthropathy is arthritis which produces pain in the lower spine and sacroiliac

joints. Axial arthritis may cause permanent damage if the bones of the vertebral column fuse together

then creating decreased range of motion in the back. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rare complication.

AS characterized by an abnormal growth of bone cells where the ligaments attach to the bones, causing

the ligaments to become ossified (boney).

Actually, there are more than 100 types of arthritis, but the most common types are

osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Osteoarthritis is degenerative disease of the cartilage

and bone that results in pain and stiffness in the affected. People with osteoarthritis will experience

pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, and mechanical irregularities in the affected joint. OA usually

affecting hand, shoulder, neck, lower back, hip, and knee. Joint in normal people has smooth, shiny, and

wet joint cartilage. Cartilage normally absorbs nutrient and fluid like a sponge, and this keeps thecartilage healthy and smooth. In osteoarthritis, the cartilage doesnt get the nutrient and fluid it

requires. Eventually, the cartilage dries out and develops cracks.(Arthritis et al. n.d.)

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Besides aging process, a traumatic injury or abrupt impact can trigger the disease as well. Falls,

car accidents, and sports injuries are often implicated in the onset of OA. Traumatic osteoarthritis is a

process that first causes degeneration of the cartilage and articular cartilage. Because the cartilage is no

longer able to absorb shock and cushion the bones, the joint is likely to become painful and feel stiff. As

with OA associated with aging, traumatic OA can lead to a downward spiral of pain, inactivity, and

deconditioning. Extreme cases of OA may require surgery.

The other most commonly arthritis is Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which causes inflammation in

the lining joints and joint deformity. Unlike OA which is a localized condition, RA is a systemic disease

that may involve the whole body. RA may affect not only the joints, but also internal organs of the body.

Person with RA will experience variation in disease activity over short periods of time. There are times

when the disease is quiet and times when it flares up. What cause RA is still unknown. Anyone can get

RA, including children. RA found mainly in women.

http://www.ccfa.org/assets/pdfs/arthritiscomplications.pdf

Arthritis, P., Arthritis, A. & Spondylitis, A., Types of Arthritis :

http://www.utmb.edu/rehab/Outpatient/Arthritis.pdf

You, W., To, N. & About, K., What You Need To Know About.

http://www.ccfa.org/assets/pdfs/arthritiscomplications.pdfhttp://www.utmb.edu/rehab/Outpatient/Arthritis.pdfhttp://www.utmb.edu/rehab/Outpatient/Arthritis.pdfhttp://www.utmb.edu/rehab/Outpatient/Arthritis.pdfhttp://www.ccfa.org/assets/pdfs/arthritiscomplications.pdf

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ini sumber LI 1

http://www.med.unc.edu/surgery/plastic/grabb/Chapter%209.pdf

Myckatyn, T.M., Mackinnon, S.E. & Vi, I.T.O., 2007. CHAPTER 9 MICROSURGICAL REPAIR OF

PERIPHERAL NERVES AND NERVE GRAFTS. , pp.7383.

http://www.med.unc.edu/surgery/plastic/grabb/Chapter%209.pdfhttp://www.med.unc.edu/surgery/plastic/grabb/Chapter%209.pdfhttp://www.med.unc.edu/surgery/plastic/grabb/Chapter%209.pdf