art through the ages european art movements from the renaissance to modern
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ART THROUGH THE ART THROUGH THE AGESAGES
EUROPEAN ART MOVEMENTS EUROPEAN ART MOVEMENTS FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO
MODERNMODERN
ROMANESQUE & GOTHIC: THE ROMANESQUE & GOTHIC: THE PRELUDE TO THE RENAISSNACE PRELUDE TO THE RENAISSNACE
ROMANESQUE ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
►DURING THE 11DURING THE 11THTH AND 12AND 12THTH CENTURIES MASTER CENTURIES MASTER BUILDERS BUILDERS REPLACED FLAT REPLACED FLAT WOODEN ROOFS WOODEN ROOFS WITH LONG, ROUND WITH LONG, ROUND STONE VAULTS STONE VAULTS KNOWN AS KNOWN AS BARREL BARREL VAULTSVAULTS
GOTHIC ARTGOTHIC ART
► GOTHIC CATHEDRALS GOTHIC CATHEDRALS WERE ONE OF THE WERE ONE OF THE GREATEST ARTISTIC GREATEST ARTISTIC TRIUMPHS OF THE TRIUMPHS OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES HIGH MIDDLE AGES (1050-1300)(1050-1300)
► CONSTRUCTION ON CONSTRUCTION ON THE CATHEDRAL OF THE CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE-DAME IN PARIS NOTRE-DAME IN PARIS STARTED IN 1163 AND STARTED IN 1163 AND ENDED IN 1300 ENDED IN 1300
INTERIOR OF A GOTHIC INTERIOR OF A GOTHIC CATHEDRALCATHEDRAL
ART PRIOR TO RENAISSANCEART PRIOR TO RENAISSANCE
FLAT , LACKING DEPTH & PERSPECTIVE
ART PRIOR TO THE ART PRIOR TO THE RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE
STIFF AND ARTIFICIAL
THE RENAISSANCETHE RENAISSANCE
► GIOTTO PAVES THE WAYGIOTTO PAVES THE WAY► b. 1266, GIOTTO WAS b. 1266, GIOTTO WAS
CONSIDERED A CONSIDERED A FORERUNNER OF ITALIAN FORERUNNER OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE PAINTINGRENAISSANCE PAINTING
► A MORE REALISTIC A MORE REALISTIC APPROACHAPPROACH
► A DESIRE TO IMITATE A DESIRE TO IMITATE NATURENATURE
► HIS FIGURES WERE HIS FIGURES WERE SOLID & ROUNDED SOLID & ROUNDED
► 3- DIMENSIONAL, BUT 3- DIMENSIONAL, BUT APPROXIMATEAPPROXIMATE
RENAISSANCE & NATURERENAISSANCE & NATURE
► RENAISSANCE ARTISTS RENAISSANCE ARTISTS CONSIDERED THE CONSIDERED THE IMITATION OF NATURE IMITATION OF NATURE AS THEIR PRIMARY AS THEIR PRIMARY GOALGOAL
► HUMANS WERE PLACED HUMANS WERE PLACED IN THE CENTERIN THE CENTER
► MASACCIO (1401-1428) MASACCIO (1401-1428) PICKED UP WHERE PICKED UP WHERE GIOTTO LEFT OFF GIOTTO LEFT OFF
RENAISSANCE INTEREST IN RENAISSANCE INTEREST IN ANTIQUITYANTIQUITY
► RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE ARTISTS HAD A ARTISTS HAD A KEEN INTEREST IN KEEN INTEREST IN CLASSICAL ART, CLASSICAL ART, PHILOSOPHY AND PHILOSOPHY AND VALUESVALUES
► BOTTICELLI’S BOTTICELLI’S PRIMAVERA PRIMAVERA IS IS CENTERED AROUND CENTERED AROUND VENUS (THE VENUS (THE GODDESS OF LOVE)GODDESS OF LOVE)
RAPHAEL’S RAPHAEL’S SCHOOL OF SCHOOL OF ATHENSATHENS
1511
DA VINCI’S DA VINCI’S LAST SUPPERLAST SUPPER
DAVID: TWO VERSIONSDAVID: TWO VERSIONSDONATELLO
MICHELANGELO
SISTINE CHAPEL: A SISTINE CHAPEL: A MASTERPIECEMASTERPIECE
1512
BRUNELLESCHI’S BRUNELLESCHI’S ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
INTERIOR SAN LORENZO
DOME IN FLORENCE
THE RENAISSANCE MOVES THE RENAISSANCE MOVES NORTHNORTH
VAN EYCK
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE FOCUS ON RELIGIONFOCUS ON RELIGION
DURER
BRUEGHEL THE ELDERBRUEGHEL THE ELDER
HIGH RENAISSANCE: HIGH RENAISSANCE: MANNERISMMANNERISM MID-LATE 16 MID-LATE 16THTH
CENTURYCENTURY►MANNERIST ART IS MANNERIST ART IS
CHARACTERIZED BY A CHARACTERIZED BY A COMPLEX COMPLEX COMPOSITION, WITH COMPOSITION, WITH MUSCULAR & MUSCULAR & ELONGATED FIGURESELONGATED FIGURES
►MICHELANGELO AND MICHELANGELO AND EL GRECO WERE TWO EL GRECO WERE TWO PROMINENT ARTISTSPROMINENT ARTISTS
EL GRECO 1541-1614EL GRECO 1541-1614
1717TH-TH-CENTURY MOVEMENTS: THE CENTURY MOVEMENTS: THE DUTCH & BAROQUEDUTCH & BAROQUE
► THE GOLDEN AGE THE GOLDEN AGE OF DUTCH PAINTING OF DUTCH PAINTING WAS LED BY WAS LED BY REMBRANDT & REMBRANDT & VERMEERVERMEER
REMBRANDT
DUTCH 17DUTCH 17THTH CENTURY: CENTURY: VERMEERVERMEER
BAROQUE ART: A CATHOLIC BAROQUE ART: A CATHOLIC COUNTERCOUNTER
► Baroque Art emerged Baroque Art emerged around 1600, as an around 1600, as an reaction against the reaction against the intricate and formulaic intricate and formulaic Mannerist style which style which dominated the Late dominated the Late Renaissance. Baroque Renaissance. Baroque Art is less complex, Art is less complex, more realistic and more more realistic and more emotionally affecting emotionally affecting than Mannerism.than Mannerism.
CARAVAGGIO
BAROQUE ARTBAROQUE ART
CARRACCI’S ADORATION OF THE VIRGIN
BERNINI: A BAROQUE BERNINI: A BAROQUE MASTERMASTER
ROCOCOROCOCO
► The Rococo style The Rococo style succeeded succeeded Baroque Art in Europe. in Europe. It was centered in It was centered in France, and is France, and is generally associated generally associated with the reign of King with the reign of King Louis XV (1715-1774). Louis XV (1715-1774). It is a light, elaborate It is a light, elaborate and decorative style and decorative style of art.of art.
KING LOUIS XV
ROCOCO: 18ROCOCO: 18THTH-CENTURY -CENTURY ELEGANCEELEGANCE
WATTEAUWATTEAU
TIEPOLO: A ROCOCO MASTERTIEPOLO: A ROCOCO MASTER
NEO-CLASSICAL ART: MID 18NEO-CLASSICAL ART: MID 18THTH TO EARLY 19TO EARLY 19TH TH CENTURYCENTURY
► Neoclassical is a severe, Neoclassical is a severe, unemotional form of art unemotional form of art harkening back to the harkening back to the style of ancient Greece style of ancient Greece and Rome. Its rigidity and Rome. Its rigidity was a reaction to the was a reaction to the Rococo style and the style and the emotional emotional Baroque style. style. Part of a general revival Part of a general revival of classical thought, of classical thought, which was of some which was of some importance in the importance in the American and French American and French revolutions. revolutions.
MENGS
NEOCLASSICAL= NEW NEOCLASSICAL= NEW CLASSICALCLASSICAL
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVIDOATH OF HORATII
DAVID- NAPOLEON’S DAVID- NAPOLEON’S FAVORITEFAVORITE
ROMANTICISM: THE ANTI-ROMANTICISM: THE ANTI-CLASSICALCLASSICAL
► Late 18th Century to Mid 19th CenturyLate 18th Century to Mid 19th Century► Romanticism might best be described as anti-Classicism. A Romanticism might best be described as anti-Classicism. A
reaction against reaction against Neoclassicism, it is a deeply-felt style which , it is a deeply-felt style which is individualistic, beautiful, exotic, and emotionally wrought.is individualistic, beautiful, exotic, and emotionally wrought.
Although Romanticism and Neoclassicism were philosophically Although Romanticism and Neoclassicism were philosophically opposed, they were the dominant European styles for opposed, they were the dominant European styles for generations, and many artists were affected to a greater or generations, and many artists were affected to a greater or lesser degree by both. Artists might work in both styles at lesser degree by both. Artists might work in both styles at different times or even mix the styles, creating an different times or even mix the styles, creating an intellectually Romantic work using a Neoclassical visual style, intellectually Romantic work using a Neoclassical visual style, for example.for example.
Great artists closely associated with Romanticism include Great artists closely associated with Romanticism include J.M.W. Turner, , Caspar David Friedrich, , John Constable, and , and William Blake..
CASPAR DAVID FRIEDRICHCASPAR DAVID FRIEDRICH
J.M.W. TURNERJ.M.W. TURNER
RAIN, STEAM, SPEED
JOHN CONSTABLEJOHN CONSTABLE
ROMANTICS USED IMAGES OF NATURE IN THEIR WORK
REALISMREALISM►Mid-19th CenturyMid-19th Century► Realism is an Realism is an
approach to art in approach to art in which subjects are which subjects are portrayed in as portrayed in as straightforward straightforward manner as possible, manner as possible, without idealizing without idealizing them and without them and without following the rules following the rules of formal theory. of formal theory.
COURBET’S STONEBREAKERS
JEAN-FRANCOIS MILLETJEAN-FRANCOIS MILLET
THE GLEANERS
IMPRESSIONISMIMPRESSIONISM► Influence of Influence of
photographyphotography► Interest in light, Interest in light,
shadowshadow► Focus on everyday Focus on everyday
life—street scenes, life—street scenes, still lives, parks, etc.still lives, parks, etc.
► Interest in how Interest in how objects change in objects change in light over timelight over time
CLAUDE MONETCLAUDE MONET
BERTHE MORISOTBERTHE MORISOT
CAMILLE PISSARROCAMILLE PISSARRO
POST-IMPRESSIONISMPOST-IMPRESSIONISM
► Post-ImpressionismPost-Impressionism► France, 1880's to 1900France, 1880's to 1900► Post-Impressionism is an Post-Impressionism is an
umbrella term used to umbrella term used to describe a variety of artists describe a variety of artists who were influenced by who were influenced by Impressionism but took their but took their art in different directions.art in different directions.
There is no single well-There is no single well-defined style of Post-defined style of Post-Impressionism, but in Impressionism, but in general it is less casual and general it is less casual and more interested in formal more interested in formal structure and broad fields of structure and broad fields of color.color.
CEZANNE
PAUL GAUGUINPAUL GAUGUIN
JOYOUSNESS
VINCENT VAN GOGHVINCENT VAN GOGH
PointillismPointillismFrance, 1880'sFrance, 1880's►Pointillism is a form of painting in which Pointillism is a form of painting in which
the use of tiny primary-color dots is the use of tiny primary-color dots is used to generate secondary colors. It is used to generate secondary colors. It is an offshoot of an offshoot of Impressionism, and is , and is usually classified as a form of Post-usually classified as a form of Post-Impressionism. Pointillism is focused Impressionism. Pointillism is focused on the specific style of brushwork used on the specific style of brushwork used to apply the paint. to apply the paint.
GEORGES SEURATGEORGES SEURAT
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Grand Jatte
INTO 20INTO 20THTH-CENTURY -CENTURY EXPRESSIONISMEXPRESSIONISM
► Centered in Germany, Centered in Germany, C.1905 to 1940'sC.1905 to 1940's
► Expressionism is a Expressionism is a style of art in which style of art in which the intention is not to the intention is not to reproduce a subject reproduce a subject accurately, but accurately, but instead to portray it instead to portray it in such a way as to in such a way as to express the inner express the inner state of the artist.state of the artist.
KANDINSKY’S IM BLAU
GEORGE GROSZGEORGE GROSZ
THE SCREAM: EDVARD THE SCREAM: EDVARD MUNCHMUNCH
CUBISMCUBISM► Europe, 1908-1920Europe, 1908-1920► Cubism was developed Cubism was developed
between about 1908 and between about 1908 and 1912 in a collaboration 1912 in a collaboration between Pablo Picasso and between Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Their Georges Braque. Their influences were Tribal Art influences were Tribal Art and the work of Paul Cezanne. and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement itself was not The movement itself was not long-lived or widespread, but long-lived or widespread, but it began an immense creative it began an immense creative explosion. Key concept of explosion. Key concept of Cubism is that the essence of Cubism is that the essence of objects can only be captured objects can only be captured by showing it from multiple by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously.points of view simultaneously.
PICASSO SELF PORTRAIT
PABLO PICASSOPABLO PICASSO
GUERNICA
GEORGES BRAQUE GEORGES BRAQUE
The Glass of Absinthe
DadaDada
► Europe, 1916-1924Europe, 1916-1924► Dada was a protest by a Dada was a protest by a
group of European group of European artists against World War artists against World War I, bourgeois society, and I, bourgeois society, and the conservatism of the conservatism of traditional thought. Its traditional thought. Its followers used non followers used non sequiturs and absurdities sequiturs and absurdities to create artworks and to create artworks and performances which performances which defied intellectual defied intellectual analysisanalysis
JEAN ARP
MARCEL DUCHAMPMARCEL DUCHAMPTHE FOUNTAIN 1917
DUCHAMPDUCHAMP
FuturismFuturism
► Italy, 1909-1914Italy, 1909-1914► Futurism is an Italian Futurism is an Italian
modernist movement modernist movement celebrating the celebrating the technological era. It technological era. It was largely inspired by was largely inspired by the development of the development of Cubism. The core Cubism. The core themes of Futurist themes of Futurist thought and art were thought and art were machinesmachines and and motionmotion. .
UMBERTO BOCCIONI
UMBERTO BOCCIONIUMBERTO BOCCIONI
CARLO CARRACARLO CARRA
MANIFESTAZIONE INTERVENTISTA 1912
SurrealismSurrealism► Europe, 1924 to 1950'sEurope, 1924 to 1950's
► Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the artwork with no intention of making the artwork logically comprehensible. Founded by logically comprehensible. Founded by Andre Breton in 1924, it was a primarily Andre Breton in 1924, it was a primarily European movement which attracted many European movement which attracted many members of the chaotic Dada movement. It members of the chaotic Dada movement. It was deeply influenced by the psychoanalytic was deeply influenced by the psychoanalytic work of Freud and Jung. work of Freud and Jung.
RENE MAGRITTERENE MAGRITTE
SALVADOR DALISALVADOR DALI
The Persistence of Memory
Abstract ExpressionismAbstract Expressionism
► Centered in New York City, 1946 to 1960'sCentered in New York City, 1946 to 1960's► Abstract Expressionism is a form of art in which the Abstract Expressionism is a form of art in which the
artist expresses himself purely through the use of artist expresses himself purely through the use of form and color. It is form of non-representational, or form and color. It is form of non-representational, or non-objective, art, which means that there are no non-objective, art, which means that there are no concrete objects represented.concrete objects represented. Now considered to be the first American artistic Now considered to be the first American artistic movement of worldwide importance, the term was movement of worldwide importance, the term was originally used to describe the work of Arshile originally used to describe the work of Arshile Gorky, Willem de Kooning, and Jackson Pollock.Gorky, Willem de Kooning, and Jackson Pollock.
ARSHILE GORKYARSHILE GORKY
How My Mother's Embroidered Apron Unfolds in My Life
WILLEM DE KOONINGWILLEM DE KOONING
WOMEN ON A BICYCLE 1952
POLLOCKPOLLOCK
NUMBER 22
POSTMODERN ARTPOSTMODERN ART
►The remaining slides are widely considered The remaining slides are widely considered to be Postmodern. Started after WWII to be Postmodern. Started after WWII (many feel it began in the 1960s) this (many feel it began in the 1960s) this movement reflects a tendency in art, movement reflects a tendency in art, thought and culture, to distrust objectivity, thought and culture, to distrust objectivity, authority, universality, and moral and authority, universality, and moral and ideological absolutes. Postmodern artists ideological absolutes. Postmodern artists tend to mix styles, cultures, techniques, tend to mix styles, cultures, techniques, and high and low forms. Often ironic or and high and low forms. Often ironic or critical. critical.
Pop ArtPop Art
► 1950's to 1960's1950's to 1960's► Pop Art is a style of art which explores the Pop Art is a style of art which explores the
everyday imagery which is part of everyday imagery which is part of contemporary consumer culture. Common contemporary consumer culture. Common sources include advertisements, consumer sources include advertisements, consumer product packaging, celebrities, and comic product packaging, celebrities, and comic strips.strips.
Leading Pop artists include Robert Leading Pop artists include Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and Jaspar Johns. and Jaspar Johns.
ANDY WARHOLANDY WARHOL
M
A
R
I
L
Y
N
WARHOLWARHOL
ROY LICHTENSTEINROY LICHTENSTEIN
LICHTENSTEINLICHTENSTEIN
JASPAR JOHNSJASPAR JOHNS
OPTICAL ARTOPTICAL ART
► 1950's to 1960's1950's to 1960's► Optical Art is a Optical Art is a
mathematically-mathematically-oriented form of oriented form of (usually) Abstract art, (usually) Abstract art, which uses repetition of which uses repetition of simple forms and colors simple forms and colors to create vibrating to create vibrating effects, moiré patterns, effects, moiré patterns, an exaggerated sense an exaggerated sense of depth, foreground-of depth, foreground-background confusion, background confusion, and other visual effects. and other visual effects.
BRIDGET RILEY
M.C. ESCHERM.C. ESCHER
MORE ESCHER: BECAUSE ITS MORE ESCHER: BECAUSE ITS COOLCOOL
PHOTOREALISMPHOTOREALISM
1960's to 1970's1960's to 1970's► Photorealism is a movement which began in Photorealism is a movement which began in
the late 1960's, in which scenes are painted the late 1960's, in which scenes are painted in a style closely resembling photographs. in a style closely resembling photographs. The subject matter is usually mundane and The subject matter is usually mundane and without particular interest; the true subject without particular interest; the true subject of a photorealist work is the way we of a photorealist work is the way we unconsciously interpret photographs and unconsciously interpret photographs and paintings in order to create a mental image paintings in order to create a mental image of the object represented. of the object represented.
CHUCK CLOSECHUCK CLOSE
ROBERT ESTESROBERT ESTES
MINIMALISMMINIMALISM
Emerged in the 1960'sEmerged in the 1960's► Minimalism is a style of Minimalism is a style of
art in which objects are art in which objects are stripped down to their stripped down to their elemental, geometric elemental, geometric form, and presented in form, and presented in an impersonal manner. an impersonal manner. It is an Abstract form of It is an Abstract form of art which developed as art which developed as a reaction against the a reaction against the subjective elements of subjective elements of Abstract Abstract Expressionism. Expressionism.
FRANK STELLA
ELLSWORTH KELLYELLSWORTH KELLY
Guggenheim—Bilbao Guggenheim—Bilbao
Guggenheim—F.L. WrightGuggenheim—F.L. Wright
Essay PracticeEssay PracticeCompare the ways in which the two works of art reproduced below express the artistic, philosophical, and cultural values of their times.
Michelangelo, David, 1504 Giacametti, Man Pointing, 1947