art & architecture of pompeii and herculanium house of pansa house of the vettii villa of the...
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Art & Architecture of Pompeii and Herculanium
House of PansaHouse of the Vettii
Villa of the mysteriesHouse of the Faun
“Harbour Scene from Stabiae“the Lost Ram
“Perseus and Andromeda“Death of Penthius“The Trojan horse
Portrait of Terentius neo & wifeDionysiac frieze villa of the Mysteries
Wall from Villa Publius Fannius Sinistor
Portrait of a WomanAlexander Mosaic
Nilotic scene“Sorceress & client
79AD DESTRUCTION
buried under 10m of ash and remained so for 1700 yrs.
A time capsule into the life of 1st century Romans in a holiday area of Campania.
Pompeians didn’t become Roman citizens until 89BC and by 79AD
Roman culture overlay the earlier culture of the Osci and Samnite tribes.
Greeks had occupied the southern part of Italy since 5th century BC
so there was an influence of Hellenism in Pompeii and Herculanium.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS:
Temples, Basilicas (palaces). Fine decoration and architecture
PRIVATE BUILDINGS:
As today, homes reflected socio-economic status:
Poor lived in high rise apartments (Insulae)
in 4th century Rome there were 46000 of them housing more than ¾ of a million people.
In Pompei (pop 20,000) the poor lived in flats above shops and richer houses.
Wealthy lived in Domus
(stand alone houses built around an open atrium – inward looking)
or luxurious villae (grand with seaviews, terrace, porticoes, large windows) on the outskirts of town or surrounding countryside overlooking the bay of Naples.
The Elite Domus
• Typical elite houses evolved from Etruscan atrium-style houses, with the addition of Greek style peristyle (colonnaded) gardens.
• Usually were one floor, with a main reception room (atrium) surrounded by bedrooms (cubicula), dining room (triclinium), record room/office (tablinum).
Palatine Hill, 6th c. BCE House
The Roman domus
DOMUS
Roof opening – letting in light (and rain)
Fauces – or vestibulum
Atrium – visitors room
Outer Wall – Domus was inward facing.
Culina – Kitchens
Peristylium – courtyard with trees, fountains, statues, surrounded by columns (colonnade)
Triclinium – dining room.
Tablinum – Study.
Horta – garden
Triclinium – summer dining room.
Oecus–spare room.
Taberna – rented out shop or workplace.
Cubiculum – bedrooms
Impluvium - pool directly below roof opening
Upper rooms, often sublet to tenants.
Exedra–outdoor sitting or eating
Sample Plan of a Roman House (Domus)
V vestibulum T taberna
C cubiculum/cubicula L latrina
A atrium Al alae
Ta tablinum Cu culina
Tri triclinium P peristylium
E exedra
L
Pompeii, House EntranceThe Faucis The Faucis (entrance way)(entrance way)
Entrance, House of Menander
House of Menander, View from Fauces to Peristyle Garden
• Reception room, often with an opening in the ceiling with an impluvium below.
• Contained the family gods (Lares and Penates), imagines (masks of the ancestors), symbolic marriage bed.
• Women of the house (or their slaves) may have wool-worked there.
The AtriumThe Atrium
Atrium, House of the Silver Wedding, Pompeii
LarariumThe LarariumThe Lararium
Bronze Lar, found in a SW corner of an atrium, Pompeii
Herculaneum Lararium contained lars (symbols or masks of ancestors), & penates (gods of
the household
Loom Reconstruction
The Master’s Study
containing the family records
wax tablets (Tabulae)
the Household Safe (Arca)
Scrolls
The Master’s Study
containing the family records
wax tablets (Tabulae)
the Household Safe (Arca)
Scrolls
The TablinumThe Tablinum
House of the Faun Tablinum
Detail of the Mosaic Floor
Tabula and Writing MaterialsTabula and Writing Materials
Lucernae, Oil Lamps
Scrolls in
Capsa
A tablinum wall-painting
The CulinaThe Culina
Roman Kitchen, Reconstruction
View of an Ancient Kitchen
Ancient Glassware
Roman Cooking
Utensils in Bronze
The Latrina (Ancient Roman Toilet) Fun on a cold
morning!
Latrina Closeup
Cubicula (Bedrooms)
Roman Beds
Pompeii, House of the Centaur, Cubiculum Reconstruction
Triclinium (Dining Room)
Pompeii, Triclinium
Dining Room - Summer
Pompeii, Candelabrum
Triclinium, The Dining Room
Triclinium
Roman Seating
Roman Marble Table
Pompeii, Bronze Table
Pompeii, Roman Glass
Roman Lamps
Roman Couches
Peristyle Court
Peristylium with Birdbath and Hortus
Peristylium with Piscina (Fish Pond)
Walled Peristylium
Outdoor FountainOutdoor Fountain
Frontal View Frontal View of the of the
Fountain and Fountain and Statue. Statue.
Note the Intricate
Mosaic Work
O
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D
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L a r a r i u m
Tintinnabulum, Pompeii
Villa at Boscoreale, Reconstruction
Cubiculum, Boscoreale
Herculaneum 3 Storey House
Pompeii Street Plan
Pompeii Houses with Vesuvius View
http://pompeya.desdeinter.net/pompeya.htm
Villa at Settefinestre
Settefinestre House Plan
Houses of the Poor
Poorer working people lived in rooms behind or above their places of work.
The elite often rented out the front rooms of their houses, on either side of the entrances, for use as shops, workrooms, or restaurants, often with living space included.
The lower classes also lived in apartment buildings (insulae).
Insulae
Domus Romana