art appreciation module 8 auditory arts
TRANSCRIPT
THE AUDITORY ARTS
Dr. James Loreto C. Piscos
Categories
MUSICLITERATURE
MUSIC
Composed of tones and silences organized in such a manner to convey the emotions and ideas conceived by the composer.
The composer’s work must be interpreted by another artist- the performer who makes the composer’s work come to life.
Music as Auditory Arts
Music moves through time, thus it is called temporal
Music appreciation is the acquired ability to listen to music intelligently
3 components:
-ability to appreciate music is not inborn
-acquired by anyone who makes up his mind to do so
-conscious effort
Functions of Music
1. An attempt to imitate the natural sound
2. Release of one’s emotions or feelings (therapeutic)
3. As signals in wars
4. Means of worship and vehicles of rituals
5. Used to accompany dance
6. A form of entertainment in community celebrations
7. Symbols of life’s cycles
Sound (Tones): The Physical Material Property of Music Vibration is what
produced a sound Regular vibrations
produce tones or musical sounds
Irregular sounds yield noise
Sound in general has 4 qualities:
1. Timbre
2. Pitch
3. Intensity
4. duration
1. Timbre This refers to the
quality which enables us to distinguish one sound from another
A sound may not be audible unless it is amplified by something
Resonator – any object which amplifies the vibrations
2.Pitch This refers to the
relative highness or lowness or a tone
This is the result of the frequency of vibrations
The higher the frequency the higher the pitch
Scale – series of different tones which are arranged at definite fixed distances or intervals from one another
Pitch Octave –western
music uses a scale consisting of 12 pitches in 7 different tones designated as : A, B,C,D,E,F,G or la, ti, do, re, mi fa sol.
Sharps mean a tone is to be raised
Flats – tone to be lowered
3. Duration
It refers to the length of time which a sound occupies
Notes – relative time values indicated in musical notation by symbols
Types:
1. Whole note
2. Half note
3. Quarter note
4. Eighth note
5. Sixteenth note
6. 32nd note
7. 64th note
4. Intensity
This refers to the loudness or softness of a sound
This results from the pressure or force which is used to cause the vibrations that produce a sound
Dynamics- the degree of loudness or softness in music
Indicators:
1. Forte – loudly
2. Fortissimo- very loudly
3. Piano – softly
4. Pianissimo – very softly
Intensity Crescendo – the music
to become gradually louder
Decrescendo or diminuendo to become gradually softer
Staff – five parallel lines and the spaces between the lines
Elements of MusicElements of Music
1.1. RhythmRhythm
2.2. MelodyMelody
3.3. HarmonyHarmony
4. Tone Color4. Tone Color
5. Texture5. Texture
6. Form6. Form
1. Rhythm The tones and silences
of varying durations moving through time
Time Signatures: 2/4 ¾ 4/4 6/8
2. Melody Melody is the pitch
added to the rhythm Other synonymous
terms:
Tune, air, theme, motif and melodic line
Characteristics:
1. Dimension
2. Progression
3. Direction
4. register
Melody (Characteristics)1. Dimensiona. Lengthb. Range –distance between
the highest and lowest notes
2. Progression - The motion of upward or
downward, the distance between one tone and the next as the melody moves forward
3.Direction – considers the distance between individual, successive tones
- Relate to the climax of the repertoire
4. Register – considers the pitch of most notes
Are they mostly high?
3. Harmony The simultaneous sounding
of tones Melody is the horizontal
aspect while harmony the vertical side.
Tonality – or key feeling results when a single key is used thus providing a tonal center
Chord – 3 or more tones of different pitches sounded together
Consonance – quality when the combination of sounds or tones is satisfying or pleasant
If unpleasant – dissonance or discord (producing tension)
4. Tone Color This is the result of tempo,
dynamics and the timbre or the medium or mediums.
Tempo – speed indicated into:
a. presto – very fast
b. Allegro – fast
c. Moderato - moderate speed
d. andante- moderate slow
e. Adagio – slow
f. Largo – very slow
Ritardando – the gradual slowing down
Accelerando – gradual increase
Tempo rubato – music to be played with irregularity
5. TextureThis is the characteristic
disposition and relationship between melody and harmony.
Types of Textures:
1. Monophonic
2. Homophonic
3. Polyphonic
4. Non-melodic texture
1. Monophonic – one melody is sung or played with no accompaniment
2. Homophonic –song sung to the chordal accompaniment of a guitar or piano or any instrument
Or two people sing one soprano and the other alto, homophonic music is produced
Texture Polyphonic results
when two or more melodies are played together
Otherwise known as contrapuntal
Sonority –quality of richness or thinness of the music closely related to harmony than to melody and measured by number of parts, spacing of tones, register of tones and timbre
6. Form The overall design or
plan is called a musical structure or musical form
Sectional forms:
1. Binary
2. Ternary forms
Movements Sonata – movement is
fast and consists of 3 sections:
Exposition, development and recapitulation
Concerto – meant to be played by an instrument with an entire orchestra