1. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINESUNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEMPililla, Rizal Reporters: Darwin I. RamosJulius Rey Mahupil Lomer John ValenciaJethro MontealegreDr. Noel Aranda

2. Arnis - Is the system of Filipino martial arts founded by the lateRemy Presas as a self-defense system . His goal was tocreate an injury-free training method as well as aneffective self-defense system in order to preserve theolder Arnis systems . The term Modern Arnis was usedby Remy Presas younger brother Ernesto Presas todescribe his style of Filipino martial arts ; since 1999Ernesto Presas called his system Kombatan . It is derivedprincipally from the traditional Presas family style of theBolo(Machete) and the stick-dueling art of BalintawakEskrima , with influences from other Filipino andJapanese martial arts . 3. Arnis is a Philippines national martial art or sport , AfterPresident Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed the ReoublictAct. No. 9850 in 2009.The act mandates the Department of Education to include thesport as a Physical Education course . Arnis will beincluded among the priority sports in PalarongPambansa(National Games) beginning 2010. 4. Name : Remgio Amador Presas Born : December 19 , 1936Hinigaran , Negros OccidentalDied : August 28 , 2001 (brain cancer)Victoria , Canada Occupation : Teacher and Martial artist Known for : founding Modern Arnis and he is brother of Ernesto Presas 5. TRAINING One of the characteristics of Filipino martial arts is the use of weapons from the very beginning of training and Modern Arnis is no exception. The primary weapon is the rattan stick, called a cane or baston (baton), which varies in size, but is usually about 28 inches (71 cm) in length. Both single and double stick techniques are taught, with an emphasis on the former; unarmed defenses against the stick and against bladed weapons (which the stick is sometimes taken to represent) are a part of the curriculum. 6. It is said that, originally, the cane was considered sacred by practitioners(Arnisadores), and therefore an arnis practitioner was expected to hit his cane atthe hand or forearm of his sparring partner and not at the latters cane. This hadthe advantage of being the preferred method in actual combat, referred to as"defanging the snake", that is, making the opponent drop his weapon so that he isless of a threat. However, it discouraged many would-be practitioners who foundthis training too painful and injury-inducing. The result was that the Filipinomartial arts became in danger of dying out; in most areas of the Philippines,Japanese martial arts such as Karate and Judo were much more popular than theindigenous systems. Remy Presas modernization of the training method wasintended to help preserve the Filipino martial arts. He taught the method of hittingcane-on-cane during practice, which attracted more newcomers to the art andallowed the art to be taught in the Philippines school system. "Defanging thesnake" remains a principle of Modern Arnis, however, and in practical application,one would typically strike the hand or arm. The technique can be used empty-handed, where it is known as "limb destruction". 7. Training covers empty-hand self-defense (striking, locking, throwing, etc.) as well as the trademark single and double stick techniques of the Filipino martial arts. Other aspects of the art include espada y daga (sword and dagger fighting), sinawali (double stick weaving patterns), and tapi-tapi (locking drills with the stick). In addition to partner drills, Modern Arnis includes the use of anyo (kata), solo forms both with and without the stick. Emphasis is placed on fitting the art in with a students previous training ("the art within your art"), smoothly reacting to changing situations in the fight ("the flow"), and countering the opponents attempt to counter strikes directed at him ("tapi-tapi"). Practitioners are called arnisadors or Modern Arnis players. In addition to its Filipino influences, elements of Judo, Shotokan Karate, and Wally Jays Small Circle Jujutsu appear in the system. 8. History of arnis the philippine school Remy Presas studied his familys system from an early age. He went on tostudy the Japanese systems of Shotokan Karate and Judo, achieving highrank in each; but he simultaneously studied a variety of other Filipinosystems, most notably Venancio Bacons Balintawak . Beginning with asmall gymnasium in Bacolod in the 1950s, he attempted to spread the art tothe local youth as both a cultural legacy and a form of physicaldevelopment or sport. He taught the art at the University of NegrosOccidental-Recoletos. His desire to reinvigorate interest in his countrystraditional martial art grew over time, and he began making modificationsand improvements to what he had learned. In 1969 he moved to Manila atthe request of a government official, and formed the Modern ArnisFederation of the Philippines. He was assisted by individuals such as thosewho now are on the Modern Arnis Senior Masters Council: RodelDagooc, Jerry dela Cruz, Roland Dantes, Vincente Sanchez, ReneTongson and Cristino Vasquez. He continued to develop and spread hisart, including via books, until political considerations forced him torelocate to North America. 9. In the wake of the 2001 death of Remy Preas, there has been a splintering of theremaining leadership of Modern Arnis. The IMAF, previously the organization ofrecord for North American Modern Arnis practitioners, split into twosubgroups, one headed by Randi Shea and one headed by Jeff Delaney; theremaining five Masters of Tapi-Tapi continue to be associated with the formergroup. Remy Presas son Remy P. Presas and his siblings formed a groupfollowing his fathers death, and Tim Hartman and Dieter Knuettel increased theindependence of their organizations (the WMAA and DAV, respectively). Othergroups, such as that headed by Kelly Worden, had become independent wellbefore the founders death (and with his support). Dan Anderson formed anotherbranch of the art which he calls "MA80 System Arnis/Eskrima" which addsinfluences from Balintawak Eskrima and Integrated Eskrima. He heads this groupout of Gresham, Oregon. While both IMAFs have claimed that rank must becertified through them to be valid, other individuals feel that the dynamicstructure of the art, Remy Presas frequent instructions to "make the art yourown", their rank or title, and/or specific authority granted to them by thefounder, mean that they are entitled to head their own organizations or groupsthat teach their own interpretation of the art. 10. In many ways, the situation is analogous to whatoccurred in the Jeet Kune Do and AmericanKenpo communities following the deaths of their popularand charismatic founders. In particular, the question of how high-ranking arnisadors should test for higher rankhas been settled by different organizations in differentways. In some cases this has caused controversy.However, the fact remains that several groups arepromoting what they see as traditional Modern Arnis,while others are promoting variations of Modern Arnis,in keeping with its "modern" approach. The art is healthyand continues to attract students. Current practitioners of Modern Arnis or arts stronglyinfluenced by Modern Arnis who head their ownorganization or group or are otherwise prominentinclude: Jeff Delaney, Tim Hartmanand Dieter Knttel. 11. Belt Ranks Modern Arnis uses a ranking system similar to the Dan ranksused in Karate or other Japanese systems. There are some minorvariations between organizations as to the exact number ofbelts. There are 10 or 11 black belt ranks in Modern Arnis ,depending on the organization. They are numbered in Tagalog: Isa (pronounced as i-sah or e-sah; which literally means "one") Dalawa (pronounced dah-la-wah; as literally means "two") Tatlo (pronounced as tat-loh; literally means "three") Apat (pronounced as Ah-pat; literally means "four") Lima (pronounced as li-mah;literally means "five") Anim (pronounced as ah-neem; literally means "six") Pito (pronounced as pi-toh; literally means "seven") Walo (pronounced as "wah-loh"; literally means "eight") Siyam (pronounced as si-yam; literally means "nine") Sampu (pronounced as sam-po; literally means "ten") Labing-isa (in some organizations) (pronounced as lah-bing-i-sah; literally means "eleven") 12. Many groups use a "zero-degree" black belt rank as aprobationary stage that comes before Isa. The actual name ofthe ranks is gender-specific. For men the rank is referred toasLakan (Tagalog for male) while for women it is referred toas Dayang (Tagalog for "female").Thus, a first degree blackbelt in Modern Arnis would be referred to as either aLakanIsa or a Dayang Isa, depending on his or her gender. The"zero-degree" rank, if used, is referred to assimply Lakan or Dayang. The black belt is traditionallybordered with red; however, some groups use a plain blackbelt.[10] In addition to rank, titles such as Datu,Commissioner, Master of Tapi-Tapi, Senior Master, PunongGuro, etc., have occasionally been granted to certain high-ranking individuals. The titleGuro is typically given toall Lakans and Dayangs. 13. THE END