16/16/04

Army Electromagnetic (EM)Gun Program

Managing a TechnologyOpportunity toRevolutionize Firepower

16 June 2004

26/16/04

EM GunA Compelling Vision

Why EM?� Increased Lethality� Improved Deployability

& Sustainment� Enhanced Survivability

Why Now?� Advances in Component

Technology� Significant Joint Interest

and PotentialInternational Interest

� Synergies with EmergingPower & Energy Thrust

� Leadership Endorsementof an EvolutionaryStrategy

36/16/04

Switches

How is EM Gun Different?EM Railgun Basics

PrimePower Generator Rectifier Inverter Motor Pulsed

AlternatorRail

LauncherLaunch PackageFuel Muzzle

Energy

EM Gun System Block Diagram

Prime Power

Pulsed Power Supply(PPS)

EM guns are fundamentally differentthan conventional guns - acceleratingforce (F) is provided by EM forces notrapid expansion of gases as withenergetic propellant.

Rail Launcher

Pulsed Power Supply (PPS)

Launch Package

46/16/04

Why EM?Lethality Efficiency & Growth Potential

0102030405060708090

1 2 3 4

2 kg4 kg6 kg8 kg10 kg

� EM Gun technology enableshypervelocity launch. Hypervelocityis important for two fundamentalreasons:

� Increased Energy:Energy is directly proportional to thesquare of the velocity (E=1/2mv2).

� Penetration Efficiency:For any given energy, Increasingvelocity increases penetrationefficiency, particularly in novelpenetrator designs.0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1 2 3 4

1 L/D5 L/D13 L/D

Pene

tratio

n Ef

ficie

ncy

(Pen

etra

tion

/ Len

gth)

Ener

gy (M

J)

Velocity (km/s)

Velocity (km/s)

Energy as a function ofvelocity for a given mass

Penetration Efficiency as a functionof velocity for a given mass

56/16/04

Packaged ILPs

120mm

M829

EM round

Resupply PayoffsSingle ILP

Why EM?Deployability & Sustainment

� EM Gun LaunchPackage is muchsmaller than aconventional round.� 1/8th the

volume*� 1/10th the

weight*� 156 ILPs can be

packaged in samespace as 16 M829s.

� Smaller IntegratedLaunch Packagepayoff is in resupply.

� Fuel and Launchpackage can beshipped together –on same palette.

Although the small size of the EM ILPs has clear advantages inresupply, payoffs in stowed rounds onboard a fighting vehicleare not as significant. The smaller ILP is offset by the additionalvolume required for the onboard Pulsed Power Supply.

*based on anti-armor application

66/16/04

M1A1 EM GunBare Muzzle

Launch Signatures

EM Gun w/Muzzle ShuntLOSAT

Why EM?Survivability

� Less likely to be hitdue to reducedLaunch Signature

� >1000x reduction invisual and IRsignature.

� 10x reduction inacoustic signature.

� More likely tosurvive a hit due toless energy onboardreleased over alonger period oftime.

� 9x less storedenergy onboardcompared EM gunweapon than M1A1

� Recent ARL testsshow rotor difficultto destroy anddisintegratesgracefully (5-10milliseconds)

� 925 kg� 106 J/g� 2 on-board rotors� 196 MJ energy

onboard

� 8.6 kg JA2Propellant

� ~ 5000J/g� 42 on-board rounds� 1,800MJ energy

onboard

E Gun Rotor

Stored Energy

M829A2

76/16/04

State of TechnologyPulsed Power Supply

PreviousGenerationSubsystem

Builds

State-of-the-artcomponent

testing

State-of-the-artsubsystem

design

STO isbuilding state

of the artsubsystem

SolidStateSwitchStack

Split RingCompositeRing

1st Gen

1986

2nd Gen

1993

Un-cooled, twin machine, synchronized generation of powerconsistent with 5MJ muzzle energy.

Component level tests enable improvedenergy density.

Demonstrated fundamentalprinciples of using rotatingmachines to deliver pulsedpower.

Results of component level testing formed the basisfor current design which meets requirements ofcurrent STO program.

3nd Gen

1996

86/16/04

State of TechnologyRailgun Launcher

Results of component level testing formed the basis forcurrent design which meets requirements of currentSTO program.

Demonstrated fundamentalprinciples of large caliber railguns.

HV Gouging 1m launcher section

1st Gen 1991 2nd Gen 1993

Lightweight, cantilevered gun with integrated muzzle shunt &active cooling. Launcher life of 200 rounds.

Component level tests enable extendedlauncher life and reduced size and weight.Muzzle shunts reduce launch signature andimprove efficiency.

3rd Gen 1994

PreviousGenerationSubsystem

Builds

State-of-the-artcomponent

testing

State-of-the-artsubsystem

design

STO isbuilding state

of the artsubsystem

96/16/04

State of TechnologyIntegrated Launch Package (ILP)

Demonstrate full scale terminal ballistics of at least three designsto demonstrate capability to defeat BMP and complex heavy armor,and one multipurpose design.

Results of component testing formed the basis for currentprojectile designs which meet requirements of currentSTO program.

Demonstrated fundamentalprinciples of EM launch ofmonolithic rods to defeat heavyarmor.

Component level tests enabled novel, high-efficiency ILP and hypervelocity defeat ofother targets.

PreviousGenerationSubsystem

Builds

State-of-the-artcomponent

testing

State-of-the-artsubsystem

design

STO isbuilding state

of the artsubsystem

106/16/04

TRADOC HQCapabilities Desired

HelicoptersUAVs

Air Defense(Outer Tier)Guided

40km slant

Lethality (Objectives)

BuildingsBunkersLAVsTanksPersonnel

LOS/BLOSUnguided+ Guided

16km

ArtilleryLAVsPersonnel

LAVPersonnel

BuildingsBunkersLAVsTanksPersonnel

Targets

NLOSUnguided +Guided

NLOSUnguided+ Guided

LOSUnguided

EngagementMode

40km(FCS)300km (UE)

12km2kmMax Range

Requirements derived from JROC approved FCS ORD, objective requirements; UE White Paper, & Air Defense Concept (Draft)

General Requirements� One Vehicle� 19 Ton / C-130 Envelope� 72 hour ops self

sustaining� Enhanced survivability

(reduction in secondaryexplosion hazard)

� Reduced logistics /increased stowed kills(elimination of propellantcharge)

Rockets &Artillery

Air Defense(Inner Tier)Guided

10km slant

116/16/04

EM Launch for Naval Surface Fire Support

In-Direct Fire200+ nm in 6 minutes

85 n

m

Hypervelocity Electromagnetic Launch (MACH 7.5) Ballistic

TrajectoryDifferential GPS GNC

• Deep Magazines• No Propellants• No Explosive Warheads• Reduced Ship Vulnerability• Simplified Logistics

Minimizes Susceptibility to GPS Jamming & Simplifies

Deconfliction

Low Cost Precision

Strike

Direct Fire Horizon in 6 seconds

Fixed Targetsat Long Range

(MACH 5.0+ Impact)

Relocatable Targets Low Latency

Area Targets Volume Fires

Above Sensible Atmosphere

• Long Range• Time Critical• Persistent • All Weather (24/7)• No UEX IssuesHelicopters

UAVs

Air Defense (Outer Tier)Guided

40km slant

Lethality (Objectives)

BuildingsBunkersLAVsTanksPersonnel

LOS/BLOSUnguided + Guided

16km

ArtilleryLAVsPersonnel

LAVPersonnel

BuildingsBunkersLAVsTanksPersonnel

Targets

NLOSUnguided + Guided

NLOSUnguided + Guided

LOSUnguided

Engagement Mode

40km(FCS)300km (UE)

12km2kmMax Range

General Requirements� One Vehicle� 19 Ton / C-130

Envelope� 72 hour ops self

sustaining� Enhanced

survivability (reduction in secondary explosion hazard)

� Reduced logistics / increased stowed kills (elimination of propellant charge)

Rockets & Artillery

Air Defense (Inner Tier)Guided

10km slant

HelicoptersUAVs

Air Defense (Outer Tier)Guided

40km slant

Lethality (Objectives)

BuildingsBunkersLAVsTanksPersonnel

LOS/BLOSUnguided + Guided

16km

ArtilleryLAVsPersonnel

LAVPersonnel

BuildingsBunkersLAVsTanksPersonnel

Targets

NLOSUnguided + Guided

NLOSUnguided + Guided

LOSUnguided

Engagement Mode

40km(FCS)300km (UE)

12km2kmMax Range

General Requirements� One Vehicle� 19 Ton / C-130

Envelope� 72 hour ops self

sustaining� Enhanced

survivability (reduction in secondary explosion hazard)

� Reduced logistics / increased stowed kills (elimination of propellant charge)

Rockets & Artillery

Air Defense (Inner Tier)Guided

10km slant

Evolutionary StrategyBalancing Technical Difficulty With Military Utilityand Growth Potential Over Time

Within State of the ArtWithin State of the Art

Near State of the ArtNear State of the Art

Beyond State of the ArtBeyond State of the Art

Well Beyond State of ArtWell Beyond State of Art

Launch Package: UnguidedPPS: 2-5MJ

Launch Package: GuidedPPS: < 10 MJ

Prime Power: Advanced Prime Power PackLaunch Package: Unguided & Guided

PPS: > 10 MJ

Launch Package: Guided Hypervelocity

PPS: >> 10 MJ

Army’s Evolutionary Strategy Starts Here

Launch Package: Guided.PPS: >> 10 MJ

Opportunities for Collaboration

• Information Exchange

• Enabling Technologies

• Test Facilities

Army Capabilities Desired

Diverse Mission Requirements

Special ASARC endorsed evolutionary strategy outlined here

126/16/04

Army ProgramFirst EM Technology Spiral

FY12FY11FY06 FY13FY10FY09FY08FY07FY05FY04

STO ATD

6.2 designs

ProposedSubsystemDesigns Subsystem

Models

A

2-5MJ, 5000 kg, uncooled, unruggedized

2-5MJ, 5000 kg,cooled,ruggedized

2-5MJ muzzle energy LOSEM Gun system

< 19 tonplatform firesburst,

Perforates BMP@ 2km

Multi-burstoperation

Full firing chain @ 2-5MJ.Single Shot Externally supplied

prime power

rectangular bore (60 – 90 mm equiv) fully cantilevered

unguided multipurpose & unguided KE rounds.unguided KE, terminal ballistics vs. tank @ > 10 MJ ME level

Burst firing chain. Integratedprime power. Lethality vs.BMPs, bunkers, buildings,personnel, and other.

SystemIntegration

RiskReduced

SubsystemThermal

Management RiskReduced

Energy Density RiskReduced

Launcher LifeRisk Reduced

Full Scale Lethalityvs Complex Targets

Risk Reduced

1 2 3 4 5S

Special ASARC

Full calibertests

IPRPOM 08

-

-

- ------19.419.318.96.3 ($M)

-

-

-----5.95.65.76.1 ($M)

-----4.95.15.16.2 ($M)

Special ASARC approved this ATD approach

136/16/04

Congressionally m

andatedM

OA

CooperativeMechanismWork FocusOrganization

UK lead in test of launchers and launch packages atKirkcudbright. Full caliber novel penetratorfunctionality test FY05/FY06 –use their test facility atno cost to US.

Heavy metal penetrators.

Power conditioning, power management, switching,energy storage. Rail materials.

Coil Guns. Capacitor based pulsed power.

Proposed EM Tactical Mortar Program.

Monitor technology development efforts via ONR &Marine Corps Warfighting Lab. Participate in Armyreviews.

EM launch for Naval Surface Fire SupportRequirements – Parallel Navy technology programFY04-09.

PA DOD-MOD-A-01-0087United Kingdom

MIPR from ARDECDOE - Pacific NorthwestNational Labs

MIPR from ARDECDOE – Oak RidgeNational Labs

MIPR(s) from DARPADOE – Sandia NationalLabs

DARPA

USMC

US Navy – ONR andNAVSEA

Collaboration Opportunities

146/16/04

Summary

� EM Gun is a technology opportunity that couldrevolutionize firepower.

� Technical barriers are falling and elements ofstrategic environment are converging.

� STO initiated to demonstrate meaningfultechnical progress at subsystem level.

� Follow-on ATD and long term evolutionaryapproach approved, providing program focusand stability.

156/16/04

Thank You