aristotle & stoics - issue of soul (philosophy of man)
TRANSCRIPT
Human Nature According to the
Greek Philosophers
• His father was physician to the king of Macedonia.• When he was 7, he went to study at Plato’s Academy.• Student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. • Aristotle founded the Lyceum, a school of learning based in Athens, Greece.
Aristotle’s dictum of man:
- A material entity which has a potential for life.
– acts as the perfect realization of the body
Body can posses life when it is united with the soul
◙ According to Aristotle man is a single essence composed of:
Aristotle's distinction between MATTER and FORM:
Form = cat
Matter = Fur
• Body and soul are inseparable.
Vegetative
Sensitive
Rational
Functions of Three Souls
Vegetative
It feeds itself
It grows
It reproduces
Rational
Zeno of Citium (344–262 BC)
Chrysippus of Soli (279 - 206 BC)Lucius Annaeus
Seneca (often known simply as Seneca) (ca. 4 BC – 65 AD)
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus
(121–180)Antisthenes (445 BC – 365 BC)
Seven Parts• Five Senses
• Power of Speech
• Power of Production
◘ Emotions are movements againt’s nature.
• Human nature is part of a determined universe.
• Why should man conform himself with nature?
• Why should man be virtous?
• Why should man submit himself to God’s will?
• A Virtous man always strives to possess peace of mind
- God’s ways are not man’s.
Man
Organism
Organs
Vegetative Soul
Vegetative Organism
Sensient Soul
Sensient Organism
Rational Soul
Rational Organism
Issue of Soul