ARGONAUTA

The Newsletter of

The Canadian NauticalResearch Society

Volume XIII, Number TwoApril 1996

ARGONAUTA

Founded 1984 by Kenneth S. MackenzieISSN No. 0843-8544

EDITORS

Lewis R. FISCHEROlafU. JANZEN

MANAGING EDITOR

Margaret M. GULLIVER

HONORARY EDITOR

Gerald E. PANTING

ARGONAUTA EDITORIAL OFFICE

Maritime Studies Research UnitMemorial University of Newfoundland

St. John's, NF AIC 5S7Telephones: (709) 737-2602/(709) 737-8424

FAX: (709) 737-8427

ARGONAUTA is published four times per year in January, April, July and October and is edited for the CanadianNautical Research Society within the Maritime Studies Research Unit at Memorial University of Newfoundland.

THE CANADIAN NAUTICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY

Executive Officers

President: Faye KERT, OttawaPast President: W.A.B.DOUGLAS, Ottawa

Vice-President: M. Stephen SALMON, OttawaVice-President: Olaf U. JANZEN, Comer Brook

Councillor: Richard GIMBLETT, OttawaCouncillor: William GLOVER, OttawaCouncillor: Gerald JORDAN, TorontoCouncillor: Maurice SMITH, Kingston

Secretary: Lewis R. FISCHER, St. John'sTreasurer: G. Edward REED, Ottawa

Annual Membership including four issues of ARGONAUTAand four issues of The Northern Mariner: Individuals, $30;Institutions, $55.

Liaison Committee

Chair: William GLOVER, MarkdaleAtlantic: David FLEMMING, Halifax

Quebec: Eileen R. MARCIL, CharlesbourgOntario: Maurice D. SMITH, Kingston

Western: Christon I. ARCHER, CalgaryPacific: John MACFARLANE, Port Alberni

Arctic: D. Richard VALPY, Yellowknife

CNRS MAILING ADDRESS

P.O. Box 55035240 Sparks Street

Ottawa, ON KIP IAI

APRIL 1996

IN TillS ISSUE

ARGONAUTA 1

ations will know about their magnifi­cent maritime heritage.

ARGONAUTA MAILBAG

Sirs:

EditorialArgonauta MailbagArticles- Jacob Bart Hale, "A Cargo of Luck- Paul Russ Ainsworth, "An Ohio Farm Boy

Goes to Sea," Pt. 1Columns- R.F. Latimer, "ULCC Tankers"- Robin H. Wyllie, "Maritime Steam Passenger

Vessels: PS State of Maine"Argonauta NewsSailing the InternetConferences and Calls for PapersMaritime Books and JournalsDiaryPersonal NewsResearch Directory Update

1I

2

4

8

910131415182829

I have been looking for information onthe Enterprise, a steam boat that wasoperating on the Mississippi River in1814. The vessel was used to carrysupplies to Andrew Jackson's army,which subsequently won the Battle ofNew Orleans early in 1815. At thattime, the skipper of the steamer wasHenry Miller Shreve.

I am looking for the vessel's specifica­tions and its eventual fate. Thisresearch is part of a project in which Ihope to show the usage of the nameEnterprise; your members will probab­ly be familiar with the two aircraft car­riers by that name as well as the spaceshuttle. I would like to build models ofall the craft named Enterprise, so Ineed help in obtaining photographsand/or model kits of vessels by thatname.

EDITORIAL

(I)

As we have often reminded readers, thefuture of maritime and naval historyrests squarely on our ability to encour­age young researchers to enter thefield. One way of doing this, of course,is by ensuring that we fmd ways toconvey the sense of excitement that allof us find in marine research. Anotheris to extend a helping hand to neo­phytes. CNRS, and especially its indi­vidual members, have been successfulat both, which we believe is one reasonwhy the Society has enjoyed such rapidgrowth in recent years.

There is, however, another way ofmeet this goal as well. Through yourgenerosity last year, CNRS sponsoreda Young Scholar to present a paper atthe International Congress of MaritimeHistory in Montreal. Members will al­ready have seen a tangible return on

this investment: the individual we sup­ported, Peter Pope of Memorial Uni­versity of Newfoundland, was theauthor of the lead article in the Januaryissue of The Northern Mariner/LeMarin du nord. On your behalf, theExecutive has now gone a step furtherby inaugurating a bursary to assist ayoung scholar to present a paper at ourannual conferences. This year's recipi­ent, Dan Conlin, a graduate student atSt. Mary's University in Halifax, willspeak next month in Kingston on"Nova Scotian Privateers in the Carib­bean, 1793-1805."

We are proud that our members arewilling in this way to help new entrantsinto the field. Indeed, the Young Schol­ar's Trust Fund, to which you were allinvited to contribute when you lastrenewed your membership, has been byfar the most important recipient of yourgenerosity. We hope that CNRS mem­bers will always be so far-sighted,since such appeals represent the bestway of guaranteeing that future gener-

As well, I am looking for the symbolsused to depict the US Navy at varioustimes when vessels bore the nameEnterprise, including the War of 1812,World War n, and the modern navy.Any help in securing any of this infor­mation will be very much appreciated.

Lincoln H. Pennell6720 Glen Erin Drive, Suite 303

Mississauga, Ontario(tel.: 905-826-1681)

Sirs:

I am researching my family history andam seeking information on William B.Ford of Liverpool, Nova Scotia, and ontwo ships of Canadian registry, theBoomer (or Bloomer) and the Mediator.Ford was lost at sea in April 1863when the ship Boomer (or Bloomer)was lost while sailing from Demararato Madeira. According to a letter Ihave, the Boomer/Bloomer had beensold in April 1863 and made her depar­ture from Demarara on 25 April, onlyto founder near the "Western Islands"

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off the coast of Portugal.

Boomer and Mediator appear to havebeen freighters, sailing the easternseaboard of the United States andCanada as well as Europe and SouthAmerica. Any genealogical informationon Ford or information on the twovessels would be very much appreci­ated. Thank you.

Arthur M. Kippen12 Plum Street

Gloucester, MassachusettsUSA

ARGONAUTA ARTICLES

A CARGO OF LUCK

by Jacob Bart Hak

In the shadow of the battles at seaduring World War n, thousands ofmerchant ships managed somehow tosurvive the struggle. One of these shipswas the Dutch steamer lttersum. Thisship was build in 1938 by Doxford andSons Ltd. in Sunderland, England forthe Dutch company Stoomvaartrnaat­schappij Oostzee, whose head officewas in Amsterdam. The managersVinke & Co assigned the vessel (9435dwt) to the South American route.

On 10 May 1940, the day Germantroops invaded Holland, SS lttersumwas berthed in Buenos Aires. Early inJuly the ship departed Montevideo forBelfast with a full cargo of grain. Afterarrival in the UK the ship was laid offfor a while. During this time thesteamer was furnished and fitted withdefensive equipment, including a 4-inchL.A. gun, Hotchkiss machine guns,kite and equipment, a Schermuly Pistoland five rockets. All the officers andcrew were trained in handling theweapons.

After a safe Atlantic crossing withstops in Baltimore and Halifax, ltter­sum arrived in Swansea, Wales. A fewdays later the city was bombed. Ac­cording to Captain Visser, "During theraid half the crew were on board, theymanaged to extinguish seven incendiarydevices dropped on the ship. The crew

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was instrumental in extinguishing thirtydevices on the quay. The ship was notdamaged due to the crew's quickresponse. The only loss was a damagedraincoat, which was in such a bad statethat it was no longer useful. "

On 26 January 1941 lttersum left forCardiff and then, by way of the Clyde,it headed for North America. On Mon­day 17 March thirty ships made sail forHalifax in convoy HX115. At this timethe German battleships Scharnhorst andGneisenau were at sea and the convoywas therefore escorted by HMS KingGeorge V and HMS California. Twodays later these ships were ordered tojoin two others to cover the Iceland­Faroes Gap against an attempt by theGerman ships to return to Norway. Aday later, the convoy was attacked bythe German submarine U-48 under thecommand of Kapitan-Leutnant HerbertSchultze. He attacked three times onthe morning of 29 March, the positionof the first attack being about 61 0 18'N, 22 0 5' W.

Recalling the attack, Commodore Ram­say said: "At 0325 hours on 29 March,I was blown out of my bunk at the SSHylton. I noticed strong fumes and thenall the lights went out. The ship was hitby a torpedo in the engine room onstarboard side and immediately took upheavy list of about thirty degrees tostarboard and began to settle down bythe stern, at approximately 0430 hours.When the stern was under water Idecided to leave the ship, all the shipscompany were already in the onlylifeboat left, i.e. forty-nine in a boatwhich normally should accommodatesafely about twenty men. We werepicked up at about 1130 hours by HMSDianella."

"As far as the submarine was con­cerned it was absolutely money forjam! No sufficient escort and perfectconditions for a submarine night attack.At the same time I must give fullmarks for the cool courage and effi­ciency of the German submarine Cap­tain, damn him! Finally we cannot losethe war by bombing or invasion, butwe can quite easily lose it if we go onlosing merchant ships at the rate we are

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doing now." Hours later the Hyltonwas declared a loss and was sunk byHMS Venomous; Ramsay's only com­ment was that it was "the worst shoot­ing I ever saw."

The SS Germanic, loaded with wheat,was torpedoed next; all but five of thecrew were saved. The visible run of thetorpedo was six seconds. When theBelgian ship Limbourg, loaded withphosphates and general cargo, was tor­pedoed, she blew up; there were nosurvivors. Not much later the steamerEastlea was torpedoed. The GermanDecryption Service intercepted a dis­tress signal from the British motortank­er Athelprince, but this ship was nothit.

The ordeal was not yet over. En routefrom Belfast to Liverpool, lttersum wasin a small convoy with seven ships. Abomber escort frequently flew low overthe convoy, lulling it into a false senseof security. When two enemy aircraftwere sighted flying directly at theships, the convoy assumed that it wasthe escort returning. Attacks weredelivered separately but in quick suc­cession; the first attack was from thestarboard bow, the second from astern.Both were very low level and concen­trated attacks on the British MV CapeVerde. The attacks were preceded bysevere machine-gun fire. Three bombswere dropped in each attack; one fromthe second aircraft scores a hit on CapeVerde. The ship was forced to leave theconvoy in order to proceed to MilfordHaven for repairs.

On 7 April 1941 lttersum went intodrydock at Birkenhead near Liverpoolwith heavy weather damage. In July1941 she was damaged again when sheran aground in Tampa, Florida. Thenext month the ship was in convoyHX142, which at one point consisted ofninety-eight ships. There was only oneincident to report; two ships collided ina thick fog, though only their upper­works were damaged. In the monthsthat followed lttersum was in Scottishwaters. At this time, the ship's arma­ment was completed, and bridge pro­tection was improved. The steamerthen visited Freetown in November,

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and on 24 December was in Port Said.A floating crane caused minor damageduring rough weather.

While lttersum was in Egypt, the Jap­anese attack on Southeast Asia was infull swing. As Allied defences crum­bled before the Japanese, Australiadecided to prepare for self defence,relying on American rather than Com­monwealth links. The Sixth and Sev­enth Divisions were ordered home des­pite angry Churchillian objections.Ittersum became one of the ships in­volved in the transport of Australiantroops. The ship carried 270 Austra­lians on board and had six army truckson each hatch. Australian Veteran JohnKelso remembers the journey: "InFebruary 1942 the Petrol Companydrove out of Camp Hill 69 via the SinaiDesert for Egypt to await sea transport.On 16 February, drivers with trucksembarked on the steamer lttersumbound for Batavia [Singapore had beenthe intended destination but fell to theJapanese troops the day before. JBll].My truck was deck cargo, towards thestern, and in which I was to sleep forthe next forty-nine nights. We steameddown the Suez Canal to Port Tewfik[Bur Taufiq near Suez, JBll], where theDutch Captain refused to proceed untilhe was supplied sixteen empty 44-gal­Ion petrol drums, two water-filled 44­gallon drums with bungs opposite eachother on the sides, two lengths of hoseand sufficient timber for the ship'scarpenter to build two large rafts forthe troops. There were only life-raftsfor the crew, nothing for the troops.For armament the ship had a 4/6 inchgun on the stern, two Bofors on thehatch covering the hold at the stern andtwo Bofors on the hatch covering thehold to the fore of the ship".

"Whoever was in charge at Port Tew­fik, maintained that, as the forwardhold of the ship was filled with landmines and the ship was hit by a bombor a torpedo, rafts would not berequired. The Dutch captain was insist­ent and obstinate until after a week hegot his way. We left Port Tewfik with­out escort or in convoy, all alone untilwe met up with a convoy of small shipsfleeing from the Japanese on Java.

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Again the Captain was the Master ofhis ship, as without orders he changeddirection to join the convoy to Colom­bo. Had it not been for the delay of theweek at Port Tewfik, we would havefallen captive to the Japanese on Java."

"At Colombo orders were given toproceed to Adelaide, South Australia.We had the corvette Lismore (againstthe Captain's wishes) as escort out ofColombo, together with an oil tankeren route to South Africa. After a fewdays we were on our own, steamingdue south at eight knots to meet upwith the Roaring Forties, which wouldincrease our speed towards Australia.During this time at sea, it was quitespooky at night looking out and downat the inky darkness, knowing thatsomewhere down there was the ocean.All that could be seen or heard was thecreak of the ship, the sound of theengine and the wake from the ship. Allwent well until we were off the south­west corner of West Australia". "Whenwe were within range of its base, anaircraft would circle every day to keepin contact. On one such day a messagewas received, the ship was being pur­sued by a submarine. The followingday the signaller was informed that thesub was gaining on us, which was notsurprising as our maximum speed waseight knots and the sub would surfaceat night to gain speed and travel underwater during the day. After another dayor so a tanker passed astern heading forSouth Africa. The next message washeartening for us but not for the crewof the tanker, as the captain of thesubmarine had decided that the tankerwas a better prize than the old trampsteamer. Our troops who had returnedto Australia on the Andes and the Strat­hallen thought we were lost at sea orhad been captured by the Japanese onJava. When we arrived in Adelaide wewere treated as 'Prodigal Sons'."

From Adelaide the ship left for Mel­bourne and FremantJe. On 22 Maylttersum left Bunbury for Montevideoand Freetown, arriving in Belfast on 16August. In November 1942 the Alliedlanding in North Africa - OperationTorch - took place. After the landingsin Algeria and Morocco, great stocks

3

of supplies were needed to keep thefight going. Ittersum left Gourock, herdeck cargo consisting of nine aircraft.In bad weather the steamer had greatdifficulty keeping up with the convoy.Shifting cargo caused a lot of prob­lems. In one heavy gale vessel andcargo were both damaged. The captaindecided to return to the UK. One weeklater the steamer departed for NorthAfrica once again.

On 20 January 1943 the steamer was inconvoy in the Mediterranean whenenemy aircraft attacked. The attackscontinued the next day. Captain Visserreported to Naval Authorities inGibraltar: "Four aircraft were shotdown that day. We claim to have shotdown one of the airplanes. We werethe last ship in our convoy. One planeattacked the lttersum roughly fifteendegrees off the starboard stern. Otherplanes carried out attacks at the sametime on the other side of the convoy.Gunlayer Midgley spotted the plane andafter his warning we opened fire witheverything we had: Oerlikon, FAMs,PACs, the works. All hell broke loose.The plane dropped bombs astern of ourship and immediately altered courseaway from the convoy and appeared tobe diving steeply towards the sea." Sixdays later, on leaving the port ofAlgiers, the air raids continued. Cap­tain Visser: "On 27 January two air­craft were shot down. During theseraids bombs fell in close vicinity of theship. A bomb fell between quay andship, just one minute after we cast off. "

After six weeks in the UK lttersumcrossed the Atlantic three times withstops in Halifax, Philadelphia and NewYork. One of the crew wrote: "lttersumwas a lucky ship. During the time Iwas on board no harm was done tocrew or ship. Of course, the journeysto and from the UK were risky. Thedark nights in convoy were nerveracking. On the other hand, our timeoff in New York was like spending aholiday in the old-fashioned way." Theship then left for Egypt, arriving inPort Said on 12 December 1943. Onemonth later the steamer headed forColombo via Aden. In February Itter­sum was in the Gulf of Bengal. From

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Calcutta, she proceeded to Colomboand from there on to Durban, SouthAfrica. Captain reports: "The steamersailed from Colombo on 15 March1944 at 1800 hours for Durban follow­ing the route provided by Naval Con­trol Officer at Colombo. Vessel waszig-zagging day and night according todiagram No.18. The speed was abouttwelve knots. On 18 March at 0100hours just after the moon had risen theofficer on watch believed he saw a darkobject surrounded by white on the star­board beam at about two miles dis­tance. Because the object resembled asubmarine he called for the attention oflookouts and gun crew but none couldsee anything in the direction pointedout by him. One hour later two shotswere fired in quick succession on thestarboard beam at a distance of abouttwo miles. The second shell was a nearmiss as she was heard whining over theship very close. Course was altered andzig-zagging discontinued. Nothingcould be observed except the flashesand detonating of the gun fire, and thisspot was brought right astern. Alarmwas raised and radio silence broken inorder to send an SOS message. Thissignal was transmitted at 2035 GMTand acknowledgement was given byColombo Radio. At 0215 hours twoshots were again fired at the ship, thistime from astern and estimated from adistance of about three miles. One ofthe shells fell near the ship."

"We were now proceeding full speedabout 12 th knots and kept the spotfrom where the firing came rightastern. We presumed that the vesselwas an enemy submarine and that shewas following us but nothing could beseen. At 0430 hours some heavy rainsqualls were developing in the east andcourse was altered to run into thesqualls. Shortly after 0500 hours thevessel ran into heavy rain, but the raingradually ceased and at 0630 hours itwas clear again." Ittersum arrived safeand sound in Durban.

The Director of the Anti-U-Boat-Divi­sion (DAUD) was pleased with CaptainVisser's performance; "DAUD con­siders the Master of SS Ittersum actedwith considerable skill and termination

ARGONAUTA

in escaping from the U-boat and hisaction merits commendation. " Thesubmarine was in fact the Japanese1-162 under the command of Lt.Cdr.Y. Doi. At the end of March 1944 thisKaigun class sub of Sixth Squadronreturned to the naval base at Penang,Malaysia.

On VE Day Ittersum was moored inCrotone, Italy. Before sailing to Hol­land the ship visited Lagos and Accrain West Africa. Then she was home­ward bound. On 24 June 19451ttersumarrived in the port of Rotterdam. Sev­enteen ships in all enter a devastatedport called Jobshaven. For one of thecrew this day was even more special.At last he was able to see his five-year­old son for the very first time; the boyhad been born on 12 May 1940. It wasthe end of a long journey.

Ittersum was sold in 1958 and renamedTriton Maris. In 1971 she was brokenup in Italy.

AN OHIO FARM BOY GOES TO SEAPart 1

By Paul Russ Ainsworth

[Ed. note: Russell Ainsworth is a wire editoron the national/international news desk atthe St. Louis Post-Dispatch, St. Louis,Missouri. He mostly compiles news storiesfrom incoming news services, but he occa­sionally writes. About four years ago, PaulStuber, a neighbour, shared an autobiogra­phy he had worked upfor his grandchildren.Last August, Ainsworth asked to see thoseaccounts again, especially of Stuber's sea­faring days, and worked up this article usingStuber's report, further interviews withStuber and some outside reading. Accom­panying the article are photos and docu­ments taken by or issued to Paul Stuber.]

The Ohio farm boy stepped out on theafter deck and saw nothing but the opensea. For twenty years, Paul Stuber hadawakened to the smell and sounds ofholsteins and leghorns, to the view ofbarns, trees, roads and fields ready forploughing, seeding and discing - notwater in all directions. But this wasthe morning of 8 March 1935, andStuber was in the Gulf of Mexico, anight's sail out of New Orleans. Hewas like Ishmael in Herman Melville's

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Moby Dick: "having little or no moneyin my purse.. .1 thought I would sailabout a little and see the watery part ofthe world." I Stuber was also keen tosee Europe.

Fig. I: Paul Stuber in 1938.

He was aboard the SS West Cobalt, atypical freighter built at the end ofWorld War I, on a scheduled run to theBritish Isles. The ship was owned bythe Lykes Bros.-Ripley Steamship Co.,and was "a neat looking ship with ablack hull and white superstructure.The stack was black with a large whiteletter L (Lykes) in the middle of a bluediamond on a white background." WestCobalt measured 410 feet in length,fifty-six feet in width, had about400,000 cubic feet of cargo space, andwas powered by a 2,500-horsepowersteam turbine, ploughing through theGulf and the Atlantic at 10 Ih knotswith the throttle wide open "full steamahead," twenty-four hours a day. "Ourtop speed was 2,000 miles per week."This compares with the top speed oftwelve knots of the famous Yankeeclipper Sea Witch, and the fifteen knotsof the China clippers, according toBasil Lubbock in The China Clippers. 2

In Steamships and their Story, E. KebleChatterton writes about the experienceof being at sea on a White Star linerbuilt in 1903: "The beautiful motion ofthe Cedric . ..in a winter's Atlantic gale,

APRIL 1996 ARGONAUTA 5

Fig. 2: Paul Stuber had to carry a seaman's passpon on voyages overseas. It restricted him to the pon of call.

become a St.Louisan andeventually asenior engin­eering special­ist at Mon­santo. But fornow, he wasnot at the bot­tom of thetotem pole ­he was twentyfeet below thewater line. Theboiler room,just forward ofthe engineroom, hadthree Scotchmarine boilers- the Titanichad twenty­nine "double­ended" Scotchmarine boilers- fired withoil. Each boilerwas aboutfifteen feet indiameter andheight. Thevoyage wouldbe a series offirsts, startingwith the firstassistant engin­eer, who wasaddressedsimply as"First." Thenthere was thefirst crossingof the Gulf ofMexico, thefirst NorthAtlantic cross­ing, when the

clocks were advanced about twentyminutes each morning. The watcheswere from 8 to 12, 12 to 4 and 4 to 8,four hours on and eight hours off. Thebell was sounded in the engine roomonly at the end of the watch, eight bellsstruck rapidly two at a time. Stuberalso learned that a ship had no floor,no walls, no halls, no front, no rear,no left side, no right side, and noanchor. Instead the West Cobalt had

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUREAU OF NAVIGATION

R. S. 4588-\1. S. c.. 1111.£ 46. $EC. 686

Making up the engine room crew werethe chief engineer, three assistant engi­neers, three firemen, three oilers, thewiper and Stuber. He would go on to

in the West Cobalt pursuing defectivepaint and rust spots with chippinghammers, paint scrapers and wirebrushes, and "soogeeing," or scrubbingand shining the "bright work" or hand­rails and copper piping.

..,..

Cat. No. 1436 SEAMAN'S PROTECTIONNo~b!_2::._L..3 CERTIFICATE

t "Jft(_!_~-d::~_c~_~Conector of the Co,toms forthe~trict of __~~~ .do hcreby certify that------~------r_~----~---, an AMERICAN SEAMAN,

aged .;g._t2__ ears, or thereabouts, of the height of d~ee't!'..6 inches,

~~~hair,~~~~o~JeXion,~ and a native

of ~~/------~---------------------, has this day produced

:e::i:;:~7!f;~~;;::;~~f~_~a:3Jn witness wUtttof, I have hereunto set ~y hand and Seal of Office

this ------!Y-----~ day of ~~-, 19_~:r-

______2f(~;s:::_~~4'!!_~_. _~_'Z.'?-CQlleclor l.FCusloJ12s. ,

LEFT THUMB PRINT t?' );::

rolling and pitching in a manner toshow that she is a living ship...pursuingher way with boldness and dignity, car­ing little for the great waves mountingup astern, is a delight that lives long inone's memory. "3 But Stuber had signedon to the West Cobalt as an apprenticein the engine room, and he was ass­igned to help the wiper, who himselfwas rather like a day labourer; Stubertherefore remembers mostly being deep

Fig. 3: The 5,527-ton West Hobomac tied up at Galveston, Texas.

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decks, bulkheads, passageways, a bow,a stern, a port, starboard, and a hook;"We always dropped the hook."

A ship has six different motions: roll,pitch, yaw (fishtail), heave (lift), surgeand sway. East of Newfoundland onthat first crossing, "the going really gotrough" and Stuber's stomach did all ofthe above for about two days. The sternof the ship - where the engine roomcrew's quarters were - would pitchthirty to forty feet several times aminute. But Stuber would have nofurther bouts, no matter how rough "ablow," or how high the waves. Hisliving area was the firemen's foc'sle,forecastle or room, with six bunksarranged two high, six lockers, and oneor two chairs. Each man also had a2 1h-gallon galvanized pail - a man'swash basin, bath tub and laundry tub.To take a bath, he drew a bucket ofwater, heated it by injecting low-pres­sure steam, soaped and scrubbed anddumped the bucket over for a rinse.Because of the heat of the boiler roomand engine room, everyone batheddaily. Stuber also learned on that firstvoyage not to put a new white under­shirt in the wash with a new pair ofblue denim dungarees.

He ate in the messroom at one of twotables, each seating ten men, and eachtable bolted to the floor, as were thebenches. The messboy was alwaysaddressed as "Mess." But the food wasgood and ample. "For breakfast, wehad two eggs, toast, coffee, oatmeal ordry cereal. One night each week, wehad steak, and Friday night, fried fish,a favourite." Saturday evening, alwayspork chops. Sunday noon, roast pork,and Friday noon, salted cod or curry.

It was in the messroom that Stuber gothis first real taste of the Great Depress­ion. For in Glasgow, when Stuber andthe other men got up from lunch, oneof the out-of-work Scots lined up in thepassageway promptly took the crew­man's place, eating whatever was leftover in the serving pans. "I remembermy shock...at fmding a man had takenmy place and was using my dirty plateand silverware the instant I got up fromthe table ....They were just local people

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who were hungry." This feeding of thehungry was fairly common in England,Scotland and Ireland - particularly atnoontime - but not in Germany or theUnited States.

Stuber's first glimpse of Europe hadbeen a lighthouse on the northern coastof Ireland. The next morning WestCobalt steamed up the Firth of theClyde to Glasgow, past the QueenMary, which had been launched butwas still being fitted out. There wassome time in port to sightsee. but firstthe lowest man on the totem pole hadto clean the three boilers, both the fireside and the water side. "In a few days,I knew about such things as blow downlines, superheaters, uptakes, soot

blowers, retarders, staybolts and man­holes." But he did get off to exploreGlasgow, and later Belfast - where hesaw a variety show, - Dublin, andAvonmouth, England. West Cobalt hadcarried cotton bales to Glasgow, Dublinand Belfast, and lumber to Avonmouth,"a dreary seaport town and not muchmore." Then the ship returned ­empty, because each nation was pro­tecting its merchant fleet at the time ­to the United States, pumping seawaterinto the No.5 hold to keep the propel­ler submerged. The voyage eastboundhad followed the Gulf Stream up theeastern seaboard to Newfoundland andover - jetliners flying from Atlanta toEurope use much the same route today.

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But the return westbound was down tothe Azores and across to the Bahamas,and then close to the Florida Keys in aGulf Stream back eddy.

As a member of the engine room crew,Stuber never expected to go up on thebridge. But one Sunday afternoon, thesecond mate allowed him to have alook around and even a turn at thewheel. "All I had to do was to turn thewheel from time to time to maintain aspecific reading on the ship's compass.I turned it the wrong way the firsttime....Thousands of tons of ship undermy direction - a great day for me!"The first voyage ended at Pensacola,Florida, for a regularly scheduleddrydock for maintenance and painting

of the hull below the water line. "Thebottom was perfectly flat, but hadrounded corners where it joined thevertical part of the hull. On the cornerswere anti-rolling chocks, or fins, thelength of the ship. The wheel (propel­ler) had four blades bolted to a massivehub, and was at least fourteen feet indiameter. The rudder was directly be­hind the propeller and was mounted ona large shaft that came down from thesteering engine in the stern...I now feltlike I knew the ship inside and out."

Stuber made six more Atlantic cross­ings on the West Cobalt and similarfreighters, the Duquesne and the WestHobomac, five to Liverpool and Man-

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Fig. 4: Paul Stuber's certificate of discharge after his first Atlantic crossing on the West Cobalt.He scored "very good" in seamanship as a wiper's assistant.

the water, so theWest Hobomacputted along,humbled when anold sailing shippassed it in theEnglish Channel.On one return fromBritain, the WestCobalt was ap­proach ing theBahamas shortlybefore Labour Day1935. "Sparks," theradio operator, gotword of a majorhurricane crossingFlorida, and thecaptain immediatelystopped the ship to

let the hurricane pass. Good thing. TheGreat Labour Day Hurricane of 1935 ­a Category 5, or most severe, storm ­swept the central Florida Keys bare andkilled 408 people. The West Cobalt,when it resumed steaming, passed twogrounded ships. There were diversionson the crossings - passengers in a fewrooms mid-ship. A Polish deportee,brought to the ship under heavy guard,told of arriving in the United Statesknowing only one word in English forfood - "oatmeal" - and living on oat­meal for several weeks before heexpanded his vocabulary. Crew mem­bers persuaded a more gullible passen­ger to write letters that would bedropped at the "mail buoy" anchored inthe middle of the Atlantic, and pickedup by a westbound ship.

In Two Years Before the Mast, RichardHenry Dana Ir. observed that "Anoverstrained sense of manliness is thecharacteristic of seafaring men, orrather, of life on board ship. This oftengives the appearance of want of feel­ing, or even of cruelty. From this, if aman comes within an ace of breakinghis neck, and escapes, it is made ajokeof, and no notice must be taken of abruise or a cut, and any expression ofpity, or any show of attention, wouldlook sisterly, and unbecoming a manwho has to face the rough and tumbleof such a life. "5 Stuber faced up to his"rough and tumble" in Beaumont,Texas, where he was about to clean

thelost

Fig. 5: The Duquesne, another Lykes Bros.­Ripley Steamship Co. freighter, in drydockin New Orleans.

There was adventure on each crossing.On the voyage to Germany on the WestHobomac, the freighter lost one of itsfour propeller blades. "Struck anunknown object," the captain reported.Replacement at sea was impossible withthe ship fully loaded and riding deep in

before "Second" arrived frommachine shop. Yet Stuber hadtwenty to thirty pounds of steam.

N0 6 DEPARTMENT OF qOMMERCE

• 88898 CERTIFICATEOF:,DISC

Port 01 regi"rJ'.I..t r.l J

BhiP'SW~ST COBALT I

Character:

D... eoV""MUfT P&Ul1'.QfG "Joa:

Capacity:

Form. '119

chester, England, and one to Bremenand Hamburg, Germany. In the lattertwo ports, in the summer of 1936, hesaw lots of soldiers in Nazi uniform.The ships carried such "romantic"cargoes as cotton, lumber, sulphur andlampblack, loaded at such ports asHouston, Galveston, Beaumont, CorpusChristi and Brownsville, Texas; andPort Sulfur, south of New Orleans, andLake Charles, Louisiana. On his threevoyages on the West Cobalt, he was aregular "gofer," helping the wiper.While in Manchester, they painted theengine room from top to bottom aglistening white. But a soot-laden fogbefore sailing immediately turned thatpaint into a dirty grey.

On the Duquesne he became an oilerand fireman. As an oiler he period­ically checked the oil flows, tempera­tures and boiler water levels. Each ofthe three boilers had two gauge glasses.In heavy weather, with each roll of theship, "if the water went over the top ofone glass and out the bottom of theother, we assumed the level was closeto where it should be." As a fireman,he cleaned three of the nine burners onthe boilers at the beginning of eachwatch. Steam pressure was held at 210pounds per square inch by regulatingfuel and pressure to the burners. Stuberhad to monitor the nine burners, andonce lost all the fires, due to water inthe oil. He sounded an emergency bell,but had the problems pretty well solved

8

one of the boilers on the Duquesne.Fortunately the weather was cool, so hehad tugged on his heavy, blue denimjacket and work gloves. The task wasto wrench off the two-inch drain plugfrom underneath the boiler, crawlinginto an eighteen-inch space on his sideand letting go fourteen feet of water.The first few gallons would necessarilycome down on him before he couldsquirm out. He had done this manytimes before, and the boiler felt cool.But the water was scalding. "Screamingin pain, I scrambled for the crawl holein the boiler foundation. A crew mem­ber who had been standing by quicklyhelped pull me through. I was out andalive." An ambulance took him to ahospital, where he was found to haveextensive burns on his legs, and somesplashes, but superficial, on his face.The jacket and gloves had protectedmost of him. Crew members broughthim all his personal belongings, and thenext morning, from his hospital room,he saw the Duquesne pull away. "Myhome and workplace had left. SuddenlyI felt sad and lonely." Twelve dayslater he was discharged, recuperatedand within months returned to the seaaboard the West Hobomac, ready formore adventure - this time, a voyageto Germany, another to Britain andthen a seamen's strike he didn't quiteunderstand. So he headed back to Ohio,his seagoing adventures over - but nothis sailing days. (Fo be concluded.)

Sources:

1. Herman Melville, Moby Dick, orThe Whale (NY: Rinehart & Co.,1952, 1

2. Basil Lubbock, The China Clippers(Glasgow: J. Brown, 1914),47,89.

3. E. Keble Chatterton, Steamships andTheir Story, with 153 illustrations (NY:Carrell and Co., 1918), 179.

4. Edward W. Levis, Robert O'Brien,and the Editors of Life, Ships (NY:Time-Life Books, 1965), 35.

5. Richard Henry Dana Jr., Two YearsBefore the Mast, a personal narrative(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911), 63.

ARGONAUTA

ARGONAUTACOLUMNS

ULCC TANKERS:WORLD'S LARGEST SHIPS,

WORLD'S HEA VIEST CARGOES

by R.F. LatimerDartmouth, Nova Scotia

The deep-water seaport of Antifer,twelve miles north of LeHavre, with itswide-water feature allowing for man­oeuvrability of large ships and a uniqueberthing facility, was purposely con­structed as an oil-receiving terminal in1977 to accommodate the more-than-a­half-million-deadw eight-tons-capacityULCC tankers that were then beingbuilt in yards in France, Japan andelsewhere world-wide. To that point,the oil-receiving port of Point Tupper,Nova Scotia was reportedly the only fa­cility in the Western Hemisphere thatcould accommodate vessels of this size.The idea of commissioning half-mil­lion-ton-capacity crude oil carriers wasborn in the early 1970s when an oilshortage and the need for vast storagesites became apparent, after the closureof the Suez Canal, coupled with thelong and costly sea voyage from theMiddle East and around Africa towestern destinations.

The first ULCC tankers commissionedby French owners and committed to thenew Antifer terminal, were known asthe 'Antifer Quartet' and included twoShell France vessels, the Batillus(550,000 dwt) and the Bellamya(554,000 dwt), together with two Navi­gation Nationale vessels, the PierreGuillaumat (555,000 dwt) and thePrairial (555,000 dwt). These water­borne giants were built at Saint Nazaireand their fully-laden draught wasninety-three feet. However, by 1983 ahuge over-capacity ofcrude was held inwestern storage tanks and the end of'tanker megalomania' was rapidlyreaching its somewhat short lifespan.Consequently, the two Shell Francetankers were delivered to breakers'yards in 1985 where they werescrapped - this after trading for onlyseven years, or about one-third of atanker's useful life. The third of the'Antifer Quartet,' Pierre Guillaumat,

APRIL 1996

was scrapped in South Korea only sixyears after making her maiden voyage.The Prairial was less than three yearsold when it was judged economicallyunsuitable for further employment andwas laid up in Brest. Later it wastowed to Vestnes, Norway where itremained until 1986. Then it com­menced trading again under Greekownership under the name Hellas Fos,though this ULCC tanker did not returnto the port it was designed to servicefor twelve years, discharging a fullcargo of Persian Gulf crude at Antiferin December 1994.

Shortly thereafter, on 13 January 1995,the Norwegian registered steam-tankerJahre Viking entered the port of Antiferand discharged 564,000 tons of lightand heavy crude. Not only was JahreViking the world's largest ship, but thisdelivery was also the world's heaviestcargo ever transported by sea. JahreViking had been built in 1975 at Op­pama, Japan, only to remain there foreconomic reasons, unnamed and un­delivered. In 1979 the tanker wasnamed Seawise Giant, then modified in1980 with the insertion of an enlargedcargo section. This modification madethe tanker the world's largest ship, at564,739 dwt., length 1,492 feet, beam224 feet, draught (fully laden) 83 feet,propulsion 50,000 shaft-horsepower,speed 13 knots. It was at this point thatthe tanker was re-named Jahre Vikingunder Norwegian ownership.

In 1981 Jahre Viking was laid up andutilized as storage, first at Aruba, thenTrinidad and finally at an oil terminalin Mexico. In October 1986 the tankerarrived at Hormuz during the Iran/Iraqwar and was severely damaged in anIraqi bombing-raid in 1988. Towed toUIsan, Korea in 1989, then to BruneiBay, Borneo in 1990, it was finallyrepaired at Singapore in 1991 at a costof sixty-two million dollars. Since then,Jahre Viking completed only four ladenvoyages, mostly in mid-east ports. Thearrival at Antifer marked the ship'sfirst call at a European oil port.

In addition to the 'Antifer Quartet' andJahre Viking, only two other ULCCtankers surpassed the half-million-ton

APRIL 1996 ARGONAUTA 9

P.S. STATE OF MAINE

Specifications:

MARITIME PROVINCESSTEAM PASSENGER VESSELS

By Robin H. WyllieEast LaHave, Nova Scotia

ments of the most demanding of thisnew class of "American aristocrats."The International Line soon gained amonopoly of this seasonal traffic and,such was the line's popularity that,even after through railroad service hadbeen opened to Eastport, gentlemen,such as F.D.R.'s father James Roose­velt, still insisted on his family makingthe journey by sea.

For thirty-one years, the InternationalSteamship Co. Ltd. provided reliableand remarkably safe transportation insome of the most treacherous waters inNorth America. In fact, in all this time,in spite of the New England havingbeen declared a total loss after runningaground on The Wolves in dense fogon 22 July 1872, the company neverlost a passenger.

Over the years, the Company had triedout a number of new routes, includingcalls across the Bay of Fundy in NovaScotia, at Annapolis Royal, where railconnections could be made for Halifax.A Boston-to-Saint John direct servicewas also considered and the screwsteamer St. Croix, which had beenadded to the fleet in 1895, was

was decided to replace the twenty-year­old P.S. New Brunswick with a largervessel. The new steamer, appropriatelynamed State of Maine, was not onlylarger by almost 500 tons than herpredecessor, but incorporated everymodern comfort in her luxurious, first­class passenger accommodations. Shewas a beautiful, well-proportionedexample of her class and must havepresented a fine sight as she sped upthe Maine and New Brunswick coasts,with her long white hull, churningpaddles and belching smokestacks.

While the bread-and-butter of the Inter­national Line was the transportation ofBay of Fundy and Maine fish productsto Fulton Market in Boston, after theCivil War a new and lucrative passen­ger traffic had opened up. This con­sisted of upper-class American familiesfleeing the summer miasma of the greateastern cities for the sanctuary of ex­clusive coastal resorts such as BarHarbour, Campobello and St. Andrews.The first class passenger accommoda­tions and services offered on the StateofMaine and her running mate the P.S.Cumberland, launched four years later,were ideally suited to meet the require-

Date Built:Gross Tonnage:Overall length:Breadth:Draught:Engine:Propulsion:

Official Number: 115856Built: New England Steamship

Company, Bath, MaineMahone Bay, Nova Scotia

18821,409.0

241.0 feet37.1 feet14.6 feet

Vertical (walking) beamPaddles

mark: the Esso Atlantic and EssoPacific, at 516,000 dwt each. By wayof comparison, the modern containervessels which frequent Halifax underthe Maersk, Zim and ACL banners areapproximately 750 feet in length with abeam of about ninety feet and a carry­ing capacity of around 60,000 dwt.While Jahre Viking has dimensionalvalues that are twice these containerships, its volume and carrying capacityis about nine times greater.

History:

The International Steamship Companywas organized in 1860 by Portlandbusinessmen Capt. John B. Coyle andT.C. Henry. The company was, ineffect, a consolidation of the variousinterests of Calais, Eastport and SaintJohn merchants then operating vesselsfrom Saint John, Eastport and Calais toPortland and Boston. New vessels werepurchased and the company quicklygained a reputation for superior serviceand reliability on its route from Bostonto Saint John, via Portland, Lubec andEastport on Passamaquoddy Bay. Atthe last named port, connections weremade with local island steamers andlarger vessels running to St. Andrews,Calais and other St. Croix River ports.

P. S. 'STATE OF MFl'TNE--

~--=-::...~<=- -ROBIN 1-1. WYLLlf.

By 1882, traffic on the InternationalRoute had increased to the extent that it Fig. 6: P.S. State of Maine. From an illustration in the 18991nternational Steamship Co. Ltd.

timetable and photographs in the New Brunswick Provincial Archives.

10 ARGONAUTA APRIL 1996

Fig. 7: The main saloon of one of the International Steamship Company's big paddle steamers as illustrated in thecompany's 1899 timetable.

Fig. 8: "Summer Time Table" from the 1899 Intema·tional Steamship Co. Ltd. timetable.

NOTE CAREf'ULLY.ThRt. Ula 'i.an a..m. l.rlJHI rrom ST. JOHN ("'1111 luune dAr rrnmnO~'TUN III. 8 Hi ".In.) un JIONUA l'R Rtul (fttIUt\YtJ, are nuule,-ill &"t)HU'I, I ••,he.. ,,,ltl I'url.lllllli. IIklrUn#:" fho e ..allt, allli I"H'~lurU'''141 hy Ihe (fl,,·,lrll., ."R-I:::ul_;- IIt.foH.lllCrlt ,. Cuu,lIerlluul" and"SLille til Aillill~." Thu 'Velille•• IR)' HI,c",lIlerJfln hu.1l dlrectlonlldo ItO' CH.1l HI. l'orU'lIIul.

Cape May,survived until24 September1925, when shewas burned forthe recovery ofscrap metal - asad and ignom­inious end forany vessel.

Sources:

Cram, W.Bartlett, PictureHistory of NewEngl£lnd Passen­ger Vessels.Hampden High-

Sweetster, M.F., The Maritime Prov­inces: A Handbookfor Travelers. Cam­bridge, Massachusetts, 1892.

lands, Maine, 1980.

ARGONAUTA NEWS

Mills, John M., Canadian Inland andCoastal Steam Vessels 1809-1930. Pro­vidence, RI, 1979.

The Eastport Sentinel, Eastport, Maine.Various issues 1885-1897.

WRECK DWING OPPORTUNITIESFOR CNRS CONFERENCE-GOERS

IN KINGSTON

Selected almanacs and gazetteers.

Down East: A Guide to Travel in theMaritime Provinces. Saint John: H.Chubb & Co., 1872.

Selected Shipping Registers to 1902.

Those who plan to attend the CNRSannual meeting in Kingston this yearmay be interested in diving on some ofthe many wrecks that can be found inabundance in the Kingston area. Weowe CNRS member Bill Schleihauf ourthanks for suggesting the idea in aquestion posed recently on MARHIST­L. As he pointed out, the conferenceprogramme ends early in the afternoonof Saturday, 25 May, leaving lots oftime free for some wreck diving. As

-.- I~iThe ~

State ~Rooms ~:

"'floe n rromth"'lIlaill lAAI~)(l1l (Illtl ,liuiUI: sal-0011, or from :,1I.. ,,·c",;11111 :U"~"icdrfil"'.I.;lI,,1

r"noi,h«1 with "h"''''''', ~hells,. :,"111 li~htc.l hr ~',-·h."CITl'·lt~·. l'rU."t.'!>:lH' ~

I,

$1.00 '~$1.50 1

$2.00 "

'1';'", an' al~,,, r.., II ~lInrlnl H:OOlllS, fur which i

''''''''''''''''·';'''''''''''11 ~

assigned to the run. Unfortu­nately, this direct serviceappears to have drawn busi­ness away from the Interna­tional Steamship Company'straditional coastal route.Added to new railroad compe­tition for the lucrative Passa­maquoddy Bay fisheries traf­fic, this appears to haveresulted in some financialinstability which left the com­pany ripe for a takeover byCharles Wyman Morse's East­ern Steamship Lines conglom­erate in 1901.

With the International Line'sincorporation into the Easternorganization, in the interest ofeconomy and profit margins,schedules were changed, fleetsreorganized and vessels reass­igned. As a result, the two bigpaddlers, State of Maine andCumberland, were declaredsurplus and disposed of in1902.

Both went to the Joy Line ofPhiladelphia. Renamed Edge­mont and Larchmont respect­ively, the steamers wereassigned to routes on theDelaware. Cumberland waslost in a collision on 11 Feb­ruary 1907, but State ofMaine, after undergoing yetanother change of name to

~r,\€R TIME 1'A13 !:,U July 3rd to 1899 1..$ I

00<. ''', ' IThe Tim" Tllhl~lC 1ol.14 I:h'fUl nre Cpr the cnn,'enlenee .,f the

Iluhll.:. and it. I,.. Ihe h'hmUn.. nr tbe Cn1111""I)' luellrry 011' Ih~ IUlllle, )'et IJar)' rt!_rvts Ihe

riaohl til «:hRugo ", .. laHtl(. IloLier.--- ---_.1.1\"". ST. JOHN, {EASTl'Ort'r, LUDEC, ,

lIOlldil)·. ;.30 II. 111., fur l'OR'rl~;lNU andHOSTOX.

)lredlle."dnr, j .flU n. III., nH· { ~t\~~~~~tT :lUd

)\'cdnf\:oOdll)', 6.:10 II. m., ro uos·ros Hirf'tt.}'ritlllr, 7.:l0 .1. Ill., saml' ns lUolltl.lr. ISlllurdOl.", ••• :}U I). m. t fur nOS1·0N nil·N't.

LNl\'f' tmulIIl'I'('j:ll "'h:11'(, BOSTON,

{I'U ltTJ..I XII, l.lTllF.{~ I

UOlldn}". S.l;; n. III., rOl·......... ~.i~:~1'~1:~~I· Ilild

'J'Ilf'!iid:l.r. n.on n. III., ful' s'r. JOliN JHrl'r1. IW I I S I' ,. {EAS'J'I'Olt'I' "lOci

1'4 Il('SI Jlj", .• ;) n. III., 01· ST••JOIIN.

'J'llIll"sdRJ, ;..00 p. III., fHI· -ST•.101lN )til·l'ti.1'I·id.I.,", 1';.1,;) fl. III., Snlllc ItS l'[oudor.

!! '11'fsT.-·'J'OH N i1 !,_ _. __ _=~ .~.~' =

1111,i)I:~~-~x~Jc~.NWednesday and Saturday at 5.30 p.m.

The re~l1t1lptiol1 of lhe U International U directsen·ice. gi\'es the patrons of this Company the ad­"anlage of JeO\'ing ST. JOHN at 5.30 p. Ill., andreaching- BOSTO" in time for dinner (I p. m., nextday. The fayorite steamship ST. CROIX, 2000

tons, wiJI perform this sen-ice. . . . . . .LEAVE _

Boston Tuesday at 9·00 a. m., Thursday at 5.00 p. m.

----------

Theriain

I Saloon

11:\; locolnl VII l1u~ "ftc,.r

Ip-,n of the RatOOIl Ottk.,"nd is hrilll.:mllr lij.Jhh:(],:and h~llIt~d hy lIteam,

The top of (he So,1001l

Iill I1tlu..IC wilh 1:1 dOllie,which gi\'C5I Gool> VRl':­TII•.4TICIN, AXD J.II:HIT

lor rI:'I)'.

~-

APRIL 1996

Bill said, "I'd hate to be in Kingstonfor several days and not get any divingin... " Bill's idea promptly received aresponse from Gary Thibault (getgary@limestone.kosone.com), the Presidentof "Preserve Our Wrecks" in Kingston,who indicated that he would be pleasedto try and arrange a dive with membersof CNRS. His boat will be in the waterby then, he hopes, so it should bepossible to organize something amongthose who are interested. Thibaultpointed out that the Garden Islandproject is partly a POW-sponsoreddeal, and that POW has secured fund­ing to photograph a number of thehistoric wrecks in the Kingston areabefore the Zebra Mussels cover themover. Several historic wrecks, includingthe Comet, George A. Marsh, Corn­wall, and others are all within easyreach of the Marine Museum. Anyonecoming to the Kingston area is invitedto read Thibault's web page on divingin the Kingston area. It gives a historyon some of the wrecks, gives informa­tion on the Kingston area, tells about"Preserve Our Wrecks Kingston," andgives a short history on the City ofKingston itself.

The address is:http://www.monitor.ca/kingston/

people/gary/page1.html

If enough conference-goers show inter­est in a dive, it may be possible tocharter a larger boat by then.

JOHN H. DUNNING BOOK PRIZE

We congratulate Dr. Daniel Vickers, aProfessor of History at Memorial Uni­versity of Newfoundland, whose bookFarmers andFishermen: Two Centuriesof Work in Essex County, Massachu­setts, 1630-1850 has won the presti­gious 1995 John H. Dunning Prize foroutstanding historical writing in UnitedStates history. The award was given atthe annual meeting of th~ AmericanHistorical Association in January. Dr.Vickers' book, published in 1994 bythe University of North Carolina Press,chronicles how the world of workchanged for New Englanders - fromtheir arrival from England until thedawn of industrialization in the mid-

ARGONAUTA

nineteenth century. Last year Farmersand Fishermen won the 1994-95 Gott­schalk Prize given by the AmericanSociety for Eighteenth-Century Studies.

WORLD WAR II RECORDSTRANSFERRED

The following World War IT collectionsare being transferred from the Oper­ational Archives of the Naval HistoricalCenter, Washington DC, to the Nation­al Archives:

• Action and operational reports• War diaries• Plans, orders and related docu­

ments• Locational charts and maps for

Allied and Axis naval units• Immediate office files of the

CNO• Tenth Fleet/convoy and routing/

ASW measures division• Strategicplans/War plans division• Selected reference materials from

the WWIl command file

These records have been closed toresearchers and no further referencerequests have been accepted for themby NHC's Operational Archives Branchsince 31 March 1996. The record trans­fer should be completed by 30 June1996. For information regarding acces­sibility of these records after this date,contact the National Archives' textualreference staff in College Park MD.

SHIPPING INDUSTRY ARCHNES

The Modern Records Centre at War­wick has just announced two accessionsof interest to historians of the shippingindustry.

MSS 367, "Records deposited by theChamber of Shipping," includes thearchives of the Chamber itself, whichwas founded in 1877 to pursue com­mercial interests, as well as the Ship­ping Federation (later the British Ship­ping Federation) which pursued sea­going personnel matters. The Chambercombined with the BSF in 1975 to formthe General Council of British Shipping(name changed to Chamber of Shippingin 1991). The records mainly consist of

11

minutes of various boards and commit­tees going back to the 1870s. The BSFwas a member of the National Mari­time Board (NMB), which was createdin 1917. This was a voluntary body ofshipowners and seamen to considerdisputes. The deposit includes NMBminutes (full board and panels) for1920-87.

MSS 360, "Records of the NationalAmalgamated Stevedores & DockersSociety, 1896-1974," are the papers ofan organization created in 1871 as theLabour Protection League.

For more information, see the homepage of the Modern Records Centre atWarwick at:

http://www.warwick.ac.uk/WWW/servicesllibrary/mrc/mrc.html

HMCS CALGARY HELICOPTERCREW RECENES

NATIONAL RECOGNITION

HMCS Calgary's Sea King helicopterdetachment has won international rec­ognition for the rescue of thirty peoplefrom an iron ore carrier sinking in theNorth Atlantic late last year. HelicopterInternational Association selected thedetachment, from 443 Squadron atPatricia Bay, British Columbia, as itshelicopter crew of the year. The awardwas presented 24 February during theassociation's annual convention inDallas, Texas.

HARD WINTERFOR HISTORIC CANAL

The historic Chesapeake & Ohio Canal,administered by the US National ParkService, has been severely damaged bythis year's unusually harsh winter. Thegreat blizzard that struck the mid-At­lantic region this past January, followedby the serious flooding that occurredduring the ensuing melt, caused animmense amount of damage to theentire canal system. In the Washington,DC area, the canal walls were brokenand washed out in a number of places,and the towpath washed away in manymore. The main lower canal intake atLittle Falls has been so severely dam-

12

aged that it is unable to supply water tothe lower canal, which in any case is inno condition to hold it. The canalboats, normally operate from springthrough fall, will definitely not be inoperation during 1996; a depth of fivefeet is required to operate them - as aresult of the storm, only two feet atmost is possible in the best remainingportions. The entire canal had beenclosed until late in the winter; portionsof the bike paths are now open, but itis not possible to walk for any greatdistance without coming to a closedsection. Major damage was also doneto several locks, as well as Great FallsPark, situated around the canal. Esti­mates to repair the entire canal andparks run above $100 million; there istalk of not restoring all of it, and fund­raisers are already accepting donations.

Similar damage occurred during thesummer of 1972, when rains fromHurricane Agnes washed out much ofthe canal. The restoration from thatdisaster took nearly a decade; it wasviewed that the canal during the lastfifteen or so years was in better condi­tion than at any other time in its exist­ence, and, indeed, a number of en­hancements, both to the canal and theparkland around it, had been made.The current damage is estimated to beworse, overall, than 1972.

An excellent article on the canal'ssituation ran in the 14 March edition ofthe Washington Post.

DATABASE ON MARINE CASUALTIESNORTH OF 40°

David N. Barron informs us that he isa researcher of maritime history spe­cializing in marine casualties. As such,he has created an off-line databasedetailing more than 50,000 records ofmarine casualties mainly in the areanorth of the 40th degree latitude (bothcoasts and inland waters). To receive acopy of his brochure detailing thisresearch or to learn more about theNorthern Shipwreck Database, pleasecontact: David N. Barron, NorthernMaritime Research, Box 48047, Bed­ford, N.S. B4A 3Z2 (e-mail: ad514@ccn.cs.dal.ca). There is also a www

ARGONAUTA

(FAQ) site at:

http://www.ccn.cs.dal.ca/- ad514/Profile.html

CLASSIFICATION SOCIETYADDRESSES

The editors must get a couple dozenrequests a year for classification societyaddresses. For that reason we offer thefollowing list of lACS Members andAssociate Members below.

lACS MEMBER SOCIETIES

ABSAmerican Bureau of ShippingTwo World Trade Centre106TH FloorNew York N.Y. 10048U.S.A.Tel: +1-212-839-5000Fax: + 1-212-839-5211Tlx: 232099 ABNY UR

BVBureau Veritas17 bis, Place des RefletsLa Defense 292400 CourbevoieFrance(postal address: Cedex 44-92077Paris-La-Defense, France)Tel: +33-1-42 91 52 91Fax: +33-1-4291 5293Tlx: 615368F BVSMS

CCSChina Classification Society40, Dong Huang Cheng Gen Nan JieBeijn 10006

ChinaTel: +86-1-513-6633Fax: +86-1-513-0188Tlx: 210407 ZCBJ CN

DNVDet Norske VeritasVeritasveien 1P.O. Box 300N-1322 HovikNorwayTel: +47-67 57 99 00Fax: +47-67 57 99 11T1x: 76 192 VERIT N

APRIL 1996

GLGermanischer LloydVorsetzen 32 20459 Hamburg 11(p.O. Box 11 160620416 Hamburg 11)GermanyTel: +49-40 36 14 90Fax: +49-40 36 14 9200Tlx: 212828 GLHH D

KRKorean Register of ShippingYusungPOBox 29TaejonKoreaTel: + 82-42-862-6001Fax: +82-42-862-6011Tlx: KRSHO K45501

LRLloyd's Register of Shipping100 Leadenhall StreetLondonEC A 3BPEnglandTel: +44-71-709-9166Fax: +44-71-488-4796Tlx: 888379 LR LON G

NKNippon Kaiji Kyokai4-7 Kioi-Cho, Chiyoda-KuTokyo 102JapanTel: +81-3-3230-1201Fax: +81-3-3230-3524Tlx: J22975 CLASSNK

PRSPolski Rejestr Statkowal. Gen. J. Hallera 126Gdansk, Poland(postal address: Skr. Poczt. 44580-958 Gdansk 50, Poland)Tel: +48-58 461-700Fax: +48-58 460-392 and 460-394Tlx: 512373, 512952 PRS PL

RlNARegistro Italiano NavaleVia Corsica 12, Genova, Italy(postal address: Casella Postale 1195)D-16100 Genova, ItalyTel: +39-10 53 851Fax: +39-10 59 1877Tlx: 270022 RlNAV I

APRIL 1996

RSMaritime Register of Shipping191065 St. Petersburg8, Dvortsovaya Nab.Russian FederationTel: +7-312-88-78Fax: +7-812-314-1087Tlx: 121525 RSSU SU

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

CRSHravatski Registar Brodova(Croatian Register of Shipping)Marasoviceva 67Split 58000CroatiaTel: + 38-58-48-955Fax: +38-58-585-746Tlx: 26129 HR CROREG

IRSIndian Register of Shipping52 A, Adi Shankaracharya Marg,Opp. Powai Lake, PowaiBombay 400 072IndiaTel: +91-22-579-3627Fax: +91-22-579-3611

International Association of Classifica­tion Societies5, Old Queen StreetLondon SW1H 9JAUnited Kingdom

tel: +44 (0)1719760660fax: +44 (0)1719760440email: IACS@dial.pipex.com

SAILING THE INTERNET

ARCHAEOLOGY WEBSITES

The Pan-American Institute for MarineArchaeology is now on the web at:

http://www.wbm.ca/users/nfisher/

Another website pertaining to nauticalarchaeology, shipwreck archives andresearch is maintained by the Depart­ment of Archaeology, University ofSouthampton at:

http://avebury .arch.soton.ac.uk/

When logging into this site, click on

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"syllabus," then "MA or MSc in Mari­time Archaeology," and from there,various projects under "Fieldwork."

INDIA OFFICE RECORDS WEBSITE

You are invited to visit the new (anddeveloping) WWW pages for IndiaOffice Records, at this URL:

http://portico .bl.uk/oioc/records/overview.html

The site includes reference and findingaids such as notes on the history andscope of the India Office Records, briefdescriptions of India Office Recordsclasses, a reading list, notes on sourcesfor family history, and the first batch ina suite of pages of summary lists ofRecords series designed specifically forInternet use by prospective visitors. Intime, summary lists of series in otherIndia Office Records classes will beadded as they become available in thisform. These pages will also becomeavailable in paper form to preface theRecords lists in their Reading Room,and eventually also as handout leafletsfor readers.

Please send any comments or sugges­tions for improvement to: oioc­enquiries@bl.ukwith 'FEEDBACK' asthe first word in your subject line, ordirect to: Dr. A.S. Cook, India OfficeRecords, The British Library, 197Blackfriars Road, London SEI 8NG(tel.: +441714127828; fax: +44171412 7858; e-mail: Andrew.Cook@bl.uk).

LIST OF UK NAVAL ANDMARITIME MUSEUMS

Dr. Martin H. Evans of the Universityof Cambridge recently announced thatthe list of UK Naval and MaritimeMuseums, last revised in September1995, has been replaced by an updatedlist, which now also includes somemuseums in the Republic of Ireland(Eire), to try and encompass allmuseums devoted to the maritimeheritage of the archipelago. It lists 193museums or museum-ships, plus 228historic vessels (mostly small craft inthe collections of these museums). Dr.

13

Glen Segell of Kings College Londonhas placed this list among his history­sources files at mailbase. The list is along one: about 110 KB of ascii text inabout 3080 lines, intended primarily tobe retrieved as a single file by anony­mous ftp.

Would those who maintain Internetlinks to web sites please note thatmailbase have recently changed theirURL addresses slightly. To retrieve thelist by anonymous ftp:

- ftp ftp.mailbase.ac.uk (note changefrom old address)

- Name: anonymous- Password: your_e-mail_address

(Macintosh users may need to setfile type binary)

- ftp> cd /pub/lists-f-j/history-sources/filesftp > get maritime-museums

- ftp> quit

To read the more than 150 screenpages on the WWW, or retrieve theentire file, use one or other of theseURLs to locate the file "maritime­museums":

http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists-f-j/history-sources/files

or:gopher://nisp.ncl.ac.uk/11/lists-f-j/history-sources/files

The latter URL may be withdrawnsometime, according to mailbase. Ifyou have problems with the formerURL, call the first part:

http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/and then step manually through:- Mailbase Lists F - J- history-sources- other files.

Please note that this list is not hyper­text. It is a single large flat file. Thereis a complementing file of UK militarymuseums in the same directory, forthose who may be interested (updatedDecember 1995).

These two lists of maritime museumsand military museums are in the publicdomain and may be freely used copiedand distributed for non-commercialpurposes. Please report any errors or

14

omissions found.

NEW LIST TO DISCUSSPORTUGUESE DISCOVERIES

VASCO is a list for discussion andexchange of information on all aspectsof the study of the Portuguese Dis­coveries of the fifteenth and sixteenthcenturies, organised by the Centre forthe Study of the Portuguese Dis­coveries, Linacre College Oxford.

Details are on:http://www.mailbase.ac .uk/

lists-f-j/history-vasco/

MINISTRY OF DEFENCERELEASES ON-LINE

Those on the list interested in the RNand RM may like to know that Ministryof Defence Press releases are availableonline at:

http://www.coi.gov .uk/coi/depts/GMD/GMD.html

Naturally, most is 'new news' (com­missioning of frigates, etc), but thereare some items of historical interest aswell (future of RN College, Greenwichor Admiralty Arch).

LIGHTHOUSE HOME PAGE

The Great Lakes Lighthouse KeepersAssociation have established a veryuseful home page at:

www.ais .org/%7elsa/grtlakes .html

CONFERENCES AND CALLSFOR PAPERS

MILITARY HISTORY COlLOQUIUM

The Laurier Centre for Military Stra­tegic and Disarmament Studies at Wil­frid Laurier University in Waterloo,Ontario, Canada is holding its seventhcolloquium, a two-day conference onCanadian military history, in the SouthLecture Hall (Rm 1002) of the newScience Building, Wilfrid LaurierUniversity on Friday, May 10 andSaturday, May 11, 1996.

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The primary focus will be on allperiods of Canadian military history ­pre-1914, World War I, World War n,the Korean War and post-1945 develop­ments including peacekeeping. Propo­sals for papers advancing new and in­novative perspectives have receivedfirst consideration. Papers examiningother issues in military and strategichistory have also been considered. Pro­posals were welcome from all scholars,but graduate students and recent PhDsare especially encouraged to submit.The deadline for submissions was 1March 1996.

Interested parties should contact: MikeBechthold, Dept. of History, WilfridLaurier University, Waterloo, ant.,N2L 3C5 (tel: 519-884-1970, ext.2594; FAX: 519-886-5057; e-mail:mbechtho@machl.wlu.ca).

"MULTINATIONAL NAVALCOOPERATION IN ACHANGING WORLD

In December 1991 a two-day confer­ence on "Multinational Naval Cooper­ation in a Changing World was held atthe Royal Naval College in Greenwich,Eng!and. Since then much has changed,not only with regard to "second gener­ation peacekeeping" but also in interna­tional naval cooperation which is be­coming increasingly favoured by statesas a means of furthering foreign policyobjectives through the use of seapower.To examine and debate these changes,Dalhousie University and the SupremeAllied Commander Atlantic will co­sponsor a Maritime Symposium on"Multinational Naval Cooperation andForeign Policy into the 21st Century"(MNCO 21) in Halifax, Nova Scotiafrom 21 to 23 May 1996. The sympo­sium will examine the security, foreignpolicy, and economic implications ofregional multinational naval cooper­ation around the globe with the intentof broadening general understanding ofthe employment and cost of maritimepower in managing policy differences,issues, disputes and conflict into thetwenty-first century. The forum willhelp to focus the global maritime voiceand address important issues facing themultinational maritime community.

APRIL 1996

The Symposium will take place onWednesday and Thursday, 22 and 23May 1996 and will be preceded onTuesday 21 May by eight regionalworkshops comprised of invited naval,military and foreign service officers aswell as strategic analysts and academ­ics. The summaries of their discussionswill be tabled and debated by panels ofexperts at the symposium over thefollowing two days. The symposiumwill consist of distinguished keynoteand principal speakers who will addressrelevant themes including trends incollective security at sea; strategicimplications of emerging technologies;navies and foreign policy; global traderoutes and the importance of shipping;and international law and the oceans. Inaddition to the "working level" regionalworkshops on the preliminary day,invitations are being sent to a widerange of high level policy makersincluding political leaders, chiefs ofnaval staff and fleet commanders,ambassadors, senior civil servants,business and industry leaders and aca­demics.

For additional information and registra­tion, contact: Centre for Foreign PolicyStudies, Dalhousie University, Halifax,Nova Scotia B3H 4H6 (tel.: 902-494­6628; FAX: 902-494-3825; e-mail:gwitol@is.dal.ca).

CONFERENCE ONMODERN SHIP ARCHITECTURE

The National Maritime Museum inGreenwich, London has just announceda conference on Modern Ship Architec­ture on 5 October 1996 and is callingfor papers. The conference will discussa broad range of contemporary vesselsin the context of twentieth-centuryarchitecture and design, tracing theclaims of functions and appearance.The conference coincides with thepublication of a major new work,Building on the Sea: Design and Func­tion in Modern Ship Architecture byDr. Peter Quartermaine and will fur­ther explore the role of shipping incontemporary architectural debate.

Subjects for discussion at the confer­ence will include:

APRIL 1996

• Designing for speed (and appearanceof speed)

• Merchant ships - the ship as a func­tional unit

• Passenger ships - interior design• Tugs, fishing craft - basic forms

and functions• Planning and building short sea and

coastal craft• Ship design and display - past,

present & future

The organiser, Dr. Margarette Lincoln,is calling for twenty-minute papers.Contact her bye-mail at: exaOlml@gold.ac.uk.

SOCIETY OF MODEL SHIPSWRIGHTSEXHIBITION

The Society of Model Shipswrights isholding its Biennial Exhibition on 5October, 1996 at the New Village Hall,Orpington High Street, Kent. Therewill be an open competitive class forall kinds of model vessels, maritimevignettes & ships' fitting: and mari­times paintings. Also the Jean BoudriotPrize for the best evidence of originalhistorical research from primarysources. Enquiries and booking formrequests should be directed to: PeterRogers, 5 Lodge Crescent, Orpington,Kent BR6 OQE, United Kingdom.

FIFTH ANNUALNEW RESEARCHERS IN

MARITIME HISTORY CONFERENCE

The New Researchers Conference, sup­ported by the International Commissionfor Maritime History, British Commis­sion, and the Society for NauticalResearch, is now a well-establishedannual event. Its purpose is to providea forum for the work of scholars com­paratively new to the discipline, andparticularly for those who have encoun­tered difficulty in funding an outlet fortheir work. It should be emphasizedthat the title is "New Researchers," not"Young Researchers," and proposalsare welcome from intending contribu­tors of any age. There are no cons­traints on the subject area: any field ofmaritime history in any period is eli­gible.

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Proposals are now invited for papers tobe presented at the Fifth Conference, tobe held on Saturday, 15 March 1997 inLiverpool, and should include the fol­lowing:

• A brief statement of the propos­er's experience in the field ofmaritime history.

• A summary of about 300 wordsof the content of the proposedpaper.

• A brief statement of the principalhistorical sources and methods tobe employed.

As in previous years, a small Pro­gramme Committee will be formed toselect the papers, convened by therepresentative of the host institution.This body will meet in mid-December1996 and proposers will be notified ofthe outcome by Christmas. Proposalsshould be sent no later than 30 Novem­ber, 1996 to: Adrian Jarvis, Co-Direc­tor, Centre for Port and MaritimeHistory, Merseyside MaritimeMuseum, Albert Dock, Liverpool L34AQ. The Centre for Port and Mari­time History is a joint initiative ofNational Museums & Galleries onMerseyside and the University ofLiverpool.

SYMPOSIUM ON BOAT AND SHIPARCHAEOLOGY

The Eighth meeting of the InternationalSymposium on Boat and Ship Archaeol­ogy will be held in Gdansk, Poland on24-27 September, 1997. Sessions willtake place at the Polish MaritimeMuseum (Centralne Muzeum Morskie)in Gdansk.

The Symposium coincides with thecelebrations of the millennium ofGdansk's first written records about thetown. The Symposium will thereforefocus on subjects related to the interac­tion between river and coastal naviga­tion, from prehistory to pre-industrialtimes, in archaeological, historical,ethnographical and technical aspects,with the following main topics:

• archaeological evidence for theinterrelationship between ship and

15

society• local boat construction as reflected

in historical wrecks and living tradi­tions

• technical studies in ship archaeology• museuological aspects of wrecks

and replicas• progress reports (here will be a

possibility to present short reportson recent excavations and devel­opments in boat and ship archae­ology, even outside the main themeof the meeting.

Those wishing to take part in the Sym­posium were requested to apply before1 April 1996 to the Symposium ad­dress. For information about the sym­posium, including fees, excursions, andlocal arrangements, contact: Dr. JerzyLitwin, Secretariat ISBSA 8, CentralneMuzeum Morskie, ul. Szeroka 67168,80-835 Gdansk, Poland (fax: +48 5831-84-53).

MARITIME BOOKSAND JOURNALS

Many articles on maritime topics ap­pear in journals that are not specificallydedicated to maritime themes. Forinstance, Modern Asian Studies 29,Part 4 (October 1995), pp. 705-40carried an article by Vincent C. Lothentitled "Armed Incidents and UnpaidBills: Anglo-Dutch Rivalry in theBanda Islands in the Seventeenth Cen­tury." The article explores the natureand consequences of the rivalrybetween the English East India Com­pany and the Dutch Vereenigde Oost­indische Compagnie (United East IndiaCompany). An article by MalcolmWanklyn on "The impact of watertransport facilities on English riverports, c.1660-c.1760" appeared in theEconomic History Review 49, No. 1(February 1996), pp. 20-34. In TheMap Collector No. 70 (Spring 1995),pp. 26-30, Richard Casten and ThomasSuarez offer "A revised chronology forthe mapping of America in the late six­teenth century: Hogenberg, Mazza,Ortelius." Rodney W. Shirley examines"The maritime maps and atlases ofSeller, Thornton, and Mount & Page"in The Map Collector No. 73 (Winter1995), pp. 2-9. Also in that same issue

16

of The Map Collector, pp. 13-18 is anarticle by Bill Warren, entitled "AMost Curious Map," about an earlyeighteenth-century map of the NorthPacific. Notwithstanding the re-issue ofa new edition by Yale University Pressof its book on the Vinland Map, sup­ported by fresh scientific evidence,many scholars remain sceptical aboutthe authenticity of this controversialmap. For an argument by an historianagainst the map's authenticity, seeKirsten A. Seaver, "The 'VinlandMap': who made it, and why? Newlight on an old controversy," The MapCollector No. 70 (Spring 1995), pp.32-40. James Farley is the author of"The III-Fated Voyage of the Provi­dence: Richard Vaux, Loyalist Mer­chant, and the Trans-Atlantic Mercan­tile World in the Late Eighteenth Cen­tury," Pennsylvania History 62, No.3(Summer 1995), pp. 364-75. Farleybases the article on the diary of a mer­chant still trading actively betweenPennsylvania and Great Britain duringthe closing years of the War of theAmerican Revolution. An article en­titled "Legitimate Authority in Revol­ution and War: The French Navy in theWestIndies, 1789-1793" by William S.Cormack appeared in the InternationalHistory Review 18, No. 1 (February1996), pp. 1-27. James K. Hiller con­tributed an essay to the Journal ofImperial and Commonwealth History24, No. 1 (January 1996), pp. 1-23which examines "The NewfoundlandFisheries Issue in Anglo-FrenchTreaties, 1713-1904." In "Gentilityafloat: gentlewomen's diaries and thevoyage to Australia, 1830-80," Austra­lian Historical Studies 26, No. 105(October 1995), pp. 634-52, EmmaCurtin argues that the voyage fromEngland to Australia provided the firstenvironment in which a reworking ofgentility into a culture appropriate tocolonial conditions could take place.The decision to station the screw andsailing corvette Satellite at the entranceof the Fraser River in 1858 figuresprominently in "Twisting the Lion'sTail: The 1858 Fort Victoria Riot" byLindsay E. Smyth in British ColumbiaHistorical News 29, No. 2 (Spring1996), pp. 5-10. William J. Williams isthe author of "Josephus Daniels and the

ARGONAUTA

U.S. Navy's Shipbuilding ProgramDuring World War I" which appearedin The Journal of Military History 60,No. 1 (January 1996), pp. 7-38.Williams uses an examination of theshift in emphasis from battleships andbattlecruisers to destroyers to study theUS Navy Department's war-time mobi­lization program and the central roleplayed by Secretary to the NavyDaniels. David Syrett examined "Com­munications Intelligence and the Battleof the Atlantic, 1943-1945" inArchives: the Journal of the BritishRecords Association 22, No. 93 (April1995), pp. 45-59. Michel Lagreeexplores the role that religio:Is valuesand temperaments may have playedamong three nineteenth-century Frenchinventors who each proposed differenttechnologies of steamboat propulsion inthe 1840s; his conclusions appear in"Religion and Technological Innova­tion: The Steamboat in 1840s France"appeared in History and Technology 12,No.4 (1995), pp. 327-59.

In "Big Business in Sweden: TheGolden Age of the Great SwedishShipyards, 1945-1974," ScandinavianEconomic History Review 43, No.3«1995), pp. 310-38, Kent Olsson setsout to explain the successes achievedby Swedish shipbuilding in the postwarperiod. Jim Phillips examines "ThePostwar Political Consensus and Indus­trial Unrest in the Docks, 1945-55" inTwentieth Century British History 6,No.3 (1995), pp. 302-19. The import­ance of fishing to the regional econ­omy, including the depletion of codreserves in the Bering and OkhotskSeas, is touched upon in "Russia'sGateway to Pacific Asia" by PeterKirkow, and article on the Russian fareastern region of Primorye whichappeared in Sibirica 1, No. 2(1994/95), pp. 51-59.

In "Sizing Up the Catch: Native-New­comer Resource Competition and theEarly Years of Saskatchewan's North­ern Commercial Fishery, " Saskat­chewan History 47, No.2 (Fall 1995),pp. 3-11, Anthony G. Gulig looks atthe introduction and impact of commer­cial fishing on native culture.

APRIL 1996

DALHOUSIE REVIEW(LXXIV, NO.2,

FAUIWINTER 1994-95)Special1ssue:

"Living With the Oceans"

Peter G. Wells, "Introduction: LivingWith the Oceans," 294-7

Anthony S. Laughton, "The Oceans:Discovering their Global Roles,"298-309

Bonnie J. McKay, "The Ocean Com­mons and Community," 310-38

Usha Varanasi, "Our ThreatenedOceans," 339-53

DRASSANA: REVISTADEL MUSEU MARITIM

(NO.2, 1995)

Carles Siches i Cuadra, "Els pescadorsde Tossa de Mar: entre les constric­cions naturals i la supeditaci6 eco­n6mica," 6-17

Eloy Martin Corrales, "L'activitat delscorailers catalans en el litoral africaal segle XIX: Algeria, Marroc iCap Verd," 18-23

Eduardo Jose Rodriguez Martinez andFrancese Xavier Teruelo de Luis,"La barca de panescalm de JaunePertegas: Un estudi de construcci6naval," 26-33 [14th and 15th cen­turies)

Josep Maria Delgado i Ribas, "Laindustria de la construcci6 navalcatalana (1750-1850): Una visi60 allarg termini," 34-39

Santiago Riera i Tuebols, "La proble­matica de la construcci6 de 'vapors'en el segle XIX," 40-45

DRASSANA: REVISTADEL MUSEU MARlTIM

(NO.3, 1995)

Antoni Riera i Melis, Les DrassanesReials de Barcelona a la baixa edatmitiana," 4-8

Antoni Falc6n i Vernis, " Les platgesde Barcelona: una descobertarecent," 9-13

Arcadi Abe1l6 Riley, "Les condieionsportuaries de Tarraco," 16-25

Andreu Diaz Borras, Anaclet Pons iPons, Just Serna Alonso, "Apuntssobre la problemMica del port medi­eval de Valencia," 26-32

APRIL 1996

Carles Manera i Erbina, "Mercats imercaderies en el comerc;: exteriormallorqui del segle XVm," 33-38

Joan Alemany Llovera, "La transform­aci6 del port de Barcelona en unaetapa decisiva" del projecte Rafo(1859) a la primera Guerra Mundial(1914), 39-45

DRASSANA: REVISTADEL MUSEU MARlTIM

(NO.4, 1995)

Fernando G6mez, Teresa Sala i CarmeVazquez, "La restauraci6 de lareplica de la Galera Reial," 4-7

Enric Garcia, "La Sociedad Espanolade salvamento de naujragos. Unaltre punt de vista sobre la nostrahistoria maritima," 8-15

Ezequiel Gimenez Rodriguez, "L'ex­plotaci6 forestal al Pallars durant elsegle xvm: els raiers," 16-21

Ramon Llaca, "El Port de Barcelona:present i futur," 24-27

Rafael Caceres, "La transformaci6urbanistica del Port VeIl," 28-31

Jose Pablo Rodriguez Marin, "EI PortVeIl: un nou port per a la ciutat,"32-35

THE GREAT CIRCLE(XVII, NO.1, 1995)

R.A. Cage, "The Structure and Profit­ability of Tramp Shipping, 1850­1920: Some Evidence from FourGlasgow-based Firms," 1-21

Tony Fletcher, "Stevedoring Efficiencyat Fremantle, 1829-1903: TheProb­lems Experienced by a WaterfrontIndustry in a Developing Port," 22­38

NoteMark Howard, "Thomas Blyth's 1835

Letter of Encouragement to theWhale Ship Owners in New SouthWales," 39-46

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFMARITIME HISTORY

(XVII, NO.2, DECEMBER 1995)

Gang Deng, "An Evaluation of theRole of Admiral Zheng He's Voy­ages in Chinese Maritime History, "1-19

ARGONAUTA

Angeliki Pardali-Lainou, "The Estab­lishment and Development of thePort of Piraeus as a DeterminativeFactor in the Commercial andIndustrial Development of the Pirae­us Region, 1834-1914," 21-51

David Mackay, "Desertion ofMerchantSeamen in South Australia, 1836­1852: A Case Study," 53-73

Alston Kennerley, "British GovernmentIntervention in Seamen's Welfare,1938-1948," 75-113

Andres Martin Fon, "Two Markets orOne? An Historical Study of PriceBehaviour in Tanker and Dry-BulkShipping Markets, 1955-1973," 115­33

Alan G. Jamieson, "Facing the RisingTide: British Attitudes to AsianNational Shipping Lines, 1959­1964," 135-48

William 1. McCarthy, "The Yards atCavite: Shipbuilding in the EarlyColonial Philippines," 149-62

Research NotesLeslie Cooper Busch and Briton Cooper

Busch, "The Seaman's DietRevisited," 163-72

Roberta Marx Delson and Steven W.Meng, "Cargo Canoes of the Eight­eenth-Century Amazon: A Prelimi­nary Stability Analysis," 173-85

RoundtableMalcolm Tull, 1.Th. Thor, Judith Ball

Bruce, Arne Kalland, and D.Heather Raven on Dianne Newell,Tangled Webs of History: Indiansand the Law in Canada's PacificCoast Fisheries, 187-204

Dianne Newell, "A Response," 205-15

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFNAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY

(XXIV, NO.4, NOVEMBER 1995)

Sarah Kenderline, "Bai Jiao I - theexcavation of a Song Dynasty ship­wreck in the Dinghai area, FujianProvince, China, 1995," 247-66

Christer Westerdahl, "Stone mazesymbols and navigation. A hypoth­esis on the origin of coastal stonemazes in the north," 267-77

Joseph Shaw, "Two three-holed stoneanchors from Kommos, Crete: theircontext, type and origin," 279-91

17

John Coates et al, "Experimental Boatand Ship Archaeology: Principlesand Methods," 293-301

Ole Crumlin-Pedersen, "Experimentalarchaeology and ships - bridgingthe arts and the sciences," 303-306

Owain T.P. Roberts, "An explanationof ancient windward sailing - someconsiderations," 307-15

THE MARINER'S MIRROR(LXXXII, NO.1, FEBRUARY 1996)

Andre Wegener Sleeswyk, "The Liaoand the Displacement of Ships inthe Ming Navy," 3-13

Glyn Williams, '''To Make Discoveriesof Countries Hitherto Unknown'.The Admiralty and Pacific Explora­tions in the Eighteenth Century,"14-27

Paul Webb, "The Frigate Situation ofthe Royal Navy 1793-1815," 28-40

Andrew Lambert, "Preparing for theLong Peace. The Reconstruction ofthe Royal Navy 1815-1830," 41-54

Ian Buxton, "Mauretania and HerBuilders," 55-73

NotesVassilios Christides, "Once again the

ram," 74-5Timm Weski, "Cargo handling and the

Bremen Cog," 75-6Ian R. Stone, "W.R. Broughton and

the insularity of Sakhalin," 76-81Rae & Robert T. Sexton, "'Grandpa

was a deserter': Absconding seamenin Australia," 81-84

Robert Miller, "An Anglican contribu­tion to the Catholic maritimeapostolate," 84-89

Keith McBride, "Naval and admiraltylanguage in the '90s and 1900s," 89

A.W. Kinghorn, "The TuticorinExpress," 89-91

NAUTICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL~,NO. 4,DECEMBERI99~

B. Tomsett, "America Analysed: SailPlan," 192-99 [yacht America 1851]

Edward P. Von der Porten, "Opportun­ities and Dangers for AdventurousShip Modelers," 200-4

Erik A.R. Ronnberg, Jr., "SteamTrawlers Come to the Boston Fish­ing Fleet, Part Five: Boats, Rig-

18

ging, Fishing gear, and Trials,"205-21

John M. Bobbitt, "Wave, A Chesa­peake Bay Pungy, Part II," 222-33

SEA HISTORY(NO. 76, WINTER 1995-96)

Peter Stanford, "The Cape Horn Road,Part VI: Castled Ships in NorthernSeas," 8-11 [the medieval cog]

Philip Thorneycroft Teuscher, "Tide­water Tugboating," 12-15 [LongIsland Sound & New York Harborbefore WWII]

Joseph M. Stanford, '''So You WantTo Be a Deckhand?'," 16-18 [tug­boating today]

Peter Stanfrod, "The Art of the Tug,"19 [tugs in marine art]

Kevin Haydon, "Maritime Traveller:From Out of Our Past. Under Sailin the Caribbean," 20

Allen and Elizabeth Rawl, "Recrea­tions: From Vision to Reality," 22­23

"The Yachts of John Mecray," 24-26[John Mecray, marine artist]

Joseph Callo, "Museum Profile [onPortsmouth's Royal NavalMuseum]: Window on the RoyalNavy," 30-31

David Gale, "USS Adirondack: Then &Now," 34-35 [US Civil War war­ship]

Scott Newhall, "How a Tynseside TugWas Reborn for Sea," 46-47

STEAMBOAT BILL(NO. 215, FAlL 1995)

Brian J. Cudahy, "Around ManhattanIsland: Circle Line at 50," 173-95

Jerry Canavit, "Fast Boats on the Col­umbia: A look at the record-settingruns of the Steamers TeLephone andHassaLo; the fastest stern-wheelvessels in the world," 196-201[1880s & '90s]

Edward Mueller, "Revisiting the GreatEastern," 202-13

TlJDSCHRIFTVOOR ZEEGESCHIEDEMS

(XlV, NO.2, DECEMBER 1995)

SJ. de Groot, "Het 'Baralong-voor­val', 19 augustus 1915. Misdaad en

ARGONAUTA

straf volgens het Britse zeerecht,"123-36 ["The 'Baralong-incident,' 19August 1915. Crime and Punishmentaccording to British maritime law"]

C.P.P. van Romburgh, "Opkomst enondergang van de NederlandscheScheepsbouw Maatschappij (1894­1984). Een bedrijfsgeschiedenis inzwart/wit," 137-53 ["Developmentand downfall of the Dutch Shipbuild­ing Company (1894-1984). A busi­ness history in black and white"]

ARGONAUTA DIARY

1996

To April 14"Samuel Chamberlain (1895-1975):American Artist in Europe betweenthe Wars," Exhibit, Peabody EssexMuseum, Salem, MA (Information:Peabody Essex Museum, East IndiaSquare, Salem, MA 01970-3783[tel.: +1 508-745-1876; FAX: +1508-744-6776; e-mail: salem@star.net))

To April 30"Transport par Mer," Exhibit, Mar­ine Museum of the Great Lakes,Kingston, ON (Information: MarineMuseum of the Great Lakes, 55Ontario St., Kingston, K7L 2Y2[tel.: +1 613-542-2261; FAX: +1613-542-0043; e-mail: Mmuseum@qucdn.queensu.ca))

To April 30"Collingwood Skiffs and SideLaunches, "Exhibit, Marine Museumof the Great Lakes, Kingston, ON(Information: Marine Museum of theGreat Lakes, 55 Ontario St., Kings­ton, ON K7L 2Y2 [tel.: + 1 613­542-2261; FAX: + 1 613-542-0043;e-mail: Mmuseum@qucdn.queensu.ca))

To April 30"Across the Western Ocean: Ameri­can Ships by Liverpool Artists,"Exhibit, Peabody Essex Museum,Salem, MA (Information: PeabodyEssex Museum, East India Square,Salem, MA 01970-3783 [tel.: + 1508-745-1876; FAX: + 1 508-744­6776; e-mail: salem@star.net))

APRIL 1996

To June 22"Work on the Sea: CelebratingTraditions of Sail and Steam,Selected Works of Scott Kennedy, "Exhibit, Astoria Maritime Museum,Astoria, OR

To June 25"The Sailing Circle," Exhibit, ColdSpring Harbor Whaling Museum,Cold Spring Harbor, NY (informa­tion: Ms. Ann Gill, Cold SpringHarbor Whaling Museum, MainS1., Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724[tel.: + 1 516-367-3418))

To June 30"Blood, Sea and Ice: Three EnglishExplorers, " Exhibit, National Mari­time Museum, Greenwich, UK(Information: National MaritimeMuseum, Greenwich SEI0 9NF(tel.: +44 181-858-4422 or +44181-293-9618))

To June 30"Christopher Newbert and BirgitteWilms: In a Sea of Dreams,"Exhibit, Mariners' Museum, New­port News, VA (Information: Mari­ners' Museum, 100 Museum Dr.,Newport News, VA 23606-3759[tel.: + 1 804-596-2222; FAX: + 1804-591-8212; e-mail:info@mari­ner.org))

To September 2"Carriers, Codes, and Silent Ships:WWII and the New Navy," Exhibit,Mariners' Museum, Newport News,VA (Information: Mariners'Museum, 100 Museum Dr., New­port News, VA 23606-3759 [tel.:+ 1 804-596-2222; FAX: + 1 804­591-8212; e-mail: info@mariner.org))

To September 2"Hampton Roads at War: TheHampton Roads Port of Embarka­tion," Exhibit, Mariners' Museum,Newport News, VA (Information:Mariners' Museum, 100 MuseumDr., Newport News, VA 23606­3759 [tel.: + 1804-596-2222; FAX:+ 1 804-591-8212; e-mail: info@mariner.org])

APRIL 1996

To January 31, 1997"Michigan's Remarkable Light­houses," Exhibit, Michigan Mari­time Museum, South Haven, MI(Information: Michigan MaritimeMuseum, PO Box 534, SouthHaven, MI [tel.: + 1616-637-8078;FAX: + 1 616-637-1594])

To June 1997"Old Ironsides and the US Navy:200 Years in Scale Models," Exhibi­tion, USS Constitution Museum,Boston, MA (Information: USSConstitution Museum, PO Box1812, Boston, MA 02129 [tel.: +1617-426-1812])

April 1-3Tsunami 1996, Conference, Univer­sity of Hawaii-Hilo (Information:Tsunami Society, PO Box 25218,Honolulu, HI 96825 [e-mail: itic@ptwc.noaa.gov])

April 2Lecture Series, Maritime Museumof the Atlantic, Halifax, NS;Speaker: Gilbert van Ryckervorsel:"Canadian Wilderness Rivers" (In­formation: Maritime Museum of theAtlantic, 1675 Lower Water St.,Halifax, NS B3J 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902­424-6442; FAX: + 1902-424-0612])

April 9Lecture Series, Maritime Museumof the Atlantic, Halifax, NS;Speaker: Ralph Tomlinson:"Building an Ecosystem fromGround Zero with HMCS Sague­nay" (Information: MaritimeMuseum of the Atlantic, 1675Lower Water St., Halifax, NS B3JIS3 [tel.: + 1 902-424-6442; FAX:+ 1 902-424-0612])

April 10-12"INEC '96: Warship Design - Whatis So Different?" Conference, DenHelder, Netherlands (Information:Institute of Marine Engineers, 76Mark Lane, London EC3R 7JN, UK[tel.: +44 171-481-8493])

April 11"Navigational Instruments and Hor­ology, " Hidden Collections Day

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Course, National MaritimeMuseum,Greenwich, UK (Information: Ms.Suzanne Testa, Course Administra­tor, Open Museum, National Mari­time Museum, London SElO 9NF[tel.: +44 181-312-6747])

April 11-13American International ShipbuildingExposition, New Orleans, LA (In­formation: McNzbb Expositions, POBox 418, Rockport, ME 04856 [tel.:+ 1 207-236-6196; FAX: + 1 207­236-0369])

April 12-13"Multidisciplinary Conftrence onWorld War I," For Hays State Uni­versity, Hays, KS (Information: Dr.Steven Trout, Dept. of English, FortHays State iJniversity, 600 Park St.,Hays, KS 67601-4099)

April 13"Politics, Management and Conflictin the Canadian Fisheries," Forumsponsored by the Maritime AwardsSociety of Canada, University ofVictoria, Victoria, BC (Information:MASC Forum, PO Box 5328, Sta­tion B, Victoria, BC V8R 6S4)

April 16Seminaire, Comite de documentationhistorique de la Marine, Musee de laMarine, Paris; Speaker: M. Moun­ier-Kiihn, "Systemes d'armes nav­ales et informatique en France jus­qu'au plan Calcul, 1947-1970"(Information: Sylvie David­Riverieulx, Service d'Etudes, Museede la Marine, Palais de Chaillot,75116 Paris, France [tel.: +33 4­727-8370; FAX: +334-553-8160])

April 16Lecture Series, Maritime Museum ofthe Atlantic, Halifax, NS; Speaker:Dr. Paul Robb: "Coastal Kayaking"(Information: Maritime Museum ofthe Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water St.,Halifax, Neva Scotia B3J 1S3 [tel.:+ 1 902-424-6442; FAX: + 1 902­424-0612])

April 16-September 3"Antonio Jacobsen's Painted Shipson Painted Oceans," Exhilrit,

19

National Museum of AmericanHistory, Washington, DC (Informa­tion: tel.: + 1 202-357-2700 or + 1202-357-1729)

April 18Canadian Maritime Law Associ­ation, Seminar, St. John's, NF(Information: Canadian MaritimeLaw Asociation, clo John L. Joy,White, Ottenheimer and Baker, 6thFloor, Baine Johnston Centre, 10Fort William Place, St. John's, NFA1C 5W4 [tel.: +1709-722-7584;FAX: + 1 709-722-9210])

April 18Liverpool Nautical ResearchSociety, Lecture, Merseyside Mari­time Museum, Liverpool, UK;"Speaker: Tony Lane (University ofLiverpool), "Flag of ConvenienceShips" (Information: Mr. PaulRees, Merseyside MaritimeMuseum, Albert Dock, LiverpoolL3 4AA, UK [tel.: +44 151-247­0001; FAX: +44 151-709-3003])

April 18-20"Ship Models from the Great Ageof Sail, 1600-1850," InternationalConference, National MaritimeMuseum, Greenwich, UK (Informa­tion: Brian Lavery, National Mari­time Museum, GreenwiCh, SElO9NF, UK [tel.: +44 181-858­4422])

April 18-20Tugboat Enthusiasts Society of theAmericas Annual Conference, NewOrleans, LA (Information: TugboatEnthusiasts Society, 308 Quince St.,Mt. Pleasant, SC 29464)

April 19-2112th Danish Maritime History Con­ference, Ebeltoft, Denmark (Infor­mation: Jan Rose, Fogdens Plads14, DK-2791 Deag0r, Denmark)

Apri! 22-25"PLANS '96: Position Location andNavigation Symposium," Atlanta,GA (Information: PLANS '96, POBox 424, Marietta, GA 30061 [tel.:+ 1 201-393-2055])

20

April 24Winter Lecture Series, NationalMaritime Museum, Greenwich, UK;Speaker: Dr. Raphael Samuel(Ruskin College, Oxford), "PublicHistory: The Media, Public Con­sciousness and Museums" (Informa­tion: Ms. Suzanne Testa, NationalMaritime Museum, London SElO9NF [tel.: +44 181-312-6747])

April 25British Commission for MaritimeHistory, Seminar, Norfolk Building,King's College, Surrey St., LondonWC2, UK; Speaker: Dr. Atle Thow­sen (Bergen Maritime Museum),"Business Goes to War: Anglo­Norse Shipping Relations in WorldWar II" (Information: David M.Williams, British Commission forMaritime History, Dept. of Econ­omic and Social History, Universityof Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH,UK [tel.: +44116-252-2582; FAX:+44 116-252-5081])

April 25Friends of the Merseyside MaritimeMuseum, Lecture Series, Mersey­side Maritime Museum, Liverpool,UK; "Jason 7: Adapting to a Chang­ing Sea" (Information: Paul Rees,Merseyside Maritime Museum,Albert Dock, Liverpool L3 4AA,UK [tel.: +44151-247-0001; FAX:+44 151-709-3003))

April 25Lecture, Kendall Whaling Museum,Sharon, MA; Speaker: MichaelMcManus (University of Miami),"My Life with Scrimshaw: ThePersonal Reminiscence of a Some­time Scholar, and Adventures withthe Kendall Whaling Museum Col­lection" (Information: Kendall Whal­ing Museum, 27 Everett St., POBox 297, Sharon, MA 02067 [tel.:+ 1 617-784-5642; FAX: + 1 617­684-0451]])

April 25-27Annual Conference of the Economicand Business Historical Society,Savanna, GA (Information: Dr.Charles Dellheim, Director of Inter­disciplinary Studies, Arizona State

ARGONAUTA

University, Tempe, Arizona 85287­0302)

April 26-27"Environmental Cultures: HistoricPerspectives," Conference, Univer­sity of Victoria, Victoria, BC (In­formation: Dr. Lome Hammond,Dept. of History, University ofVictoria, PO Box 3045, Victoria,BC V8W 3P4 [tel.: + 1 604-721­7389; FAX: + 1 604-721-8772; e­mail: lhammond@sol.uvic.ca))

Apri126-28Fifth International Scrimshaw Col­lectors' Weekend, Kendall WahlingMuseum, Sharon, MA (Information:Kendall Whaling Museum, PO Box297, Sharon, MA 02067 [tel.: + 1617-784-5642; FAX: + 1 617-684­0451))

April 27"Customs of the Port," Day Schoolof the National Museums and Gal­leries on MerseysidelUniversity ofLiverpool, Merseyside MaritimeMuseum, Liverpool, UK (Informa­tion: Paul Rees, Merseyside Mari­time Museum, Albert Dock, Liver­pool L3 4AA [tel.: +44 151-247­0001; FAX: +44 151-709-3003))

April 27"Seafaring Textiles," Conference,National Maritime Museum, Green­wich, UK (Information: Lisa Mon­nas, Medieval Dress and TextileSociety, 16 Aubrey Walk, LondonW89JG)

April 29-30"Maritime Operations: The HumanElement, " Conference, Washington,DC (Information: Jane Poterala,Marine Log, 345 Hudson Street,New York, NY 10014 [tel.: + 1212-620-7209; FAX: + 1 212-633­1165])

April 30Lecture Series, Maritime Museum ofthe Atlantic, Halifax, NS; Speaker:Capt. Angus MacDonald: "A TripBack in Time: A Voyage on theLiberty Ship John W. Brown" (Infor­mation: Maritime Museum of the

APRIL 1996

Atlantic, 1675 Lower Water St.,Halifax, NS B3J 1S3 [tel.: + 1 902­424-6442; FAX: + 1 902-424­0612])

May 3-4"Colloque sur Ie juriste Valin,"Faculty of Law, Universite de LaRochelle, France (Information:Mlle. Solange Segala, Universite deLa Rochelle, Faculte de Droit, 45rue de Vaux de Foletier, 17924 LaRochelle Cedex 01, France [tel.:+334-645-8520; FAX: +334-645­8533])

May 3-524th Annual Maritime History Con­ference, Maine Maritime Museum,Bath, Maine (Information: NathanLipfert, Maine Maritime Museum,963 Washington Street, Bath, ME04530 [tel: + 1 207-443-1316;FAX: + 1 207-443-1665))

May 4"Women at Sea," National Mari­time Museum/Goldsmiths' CollegeDay School, National MaritimeMuseum, Greenwich, UK (Infor­mation: Ms. Suzanne Testa, CourseAdministrator, Open Museum, Na­tional Maritime Museum, LondonSElO 9NF [tel.: +44 181-312­6747])

May 7Lecture, Kendall Whaling Museum,Sharon, MA; Speaker: Michel Zil­berstein (Kendall WhalingMuseum), "Escaping the NewEngland Winter: A Week of Sum­mer in Antarctica" (Information:Kendall Whaling Museum, 27Everett St., PO Box 297, Sharon,MA02067 [tel.: +1617-784-5642;FAX: + 1 617-684-0451]])

May 8-11Council of American MaritimeMuseums Spring Meeting, Mari­ners' Museum, Newport News, VA(Information: Mariners' Museum,100 Museum Dr., Newport News,VA 23606-3759 [tel.: + 1 804-596­2222; FAX: + 1 804-591-8212; e­mail: info@mariner.org))

APRIL 1996

May 8-11Second Conference of the NorthAtlantic Fisheries Project, T6rshavn,Iceland (Information: Dr. Jon Th.Th6r, Icelandic Centre for FisheriesHistory Research, Hafrannsoknarsto­fun, Skulagotu 4, PO Box 1390, IS­121 Reykjavik, Iceland)

May 9-11Duisburg Colloquium on Marine/Ocean Technology, Duisburg, Ger­many

May 10-11Seventh Colloquium on CanadianMilitary History, Centre for Mili­tary Strategic and DisarmamentStudies, Wilfrid Laurier University,Waterloo, ON (Information: MikeBechtold, Dept. of History, WilfridLaurier University, Waterloo, ONN2L 3C5 [tel.: + 1 519-884-1970,ext. 2594; FAX: + 1519-886-5057;e-mail: mbechtho@mach1.wlu.ca])

May 10-16"War and Diplomacy in Asia, 1914­1975," 22nd Colloquium of theInternational Commission of Mili­tary History, Canberra, ACT (In­formation: Dr. Serge Bernier, Di­rector General History, NationalDefence Headquarters, Ottawa, ONKIA 0K2 [tel.: + 1 613-998-7064;FAX: + 1 613-990-8579])

May 16British Commission for MaritimeHistory, Seminar, Norfolk Building,King's College, Surrey St., LondonWC2, UK; Speaker: CaptainG.A.S.C. Wilson, "Nikolai KJadoand His Impact on Russian NavalStrategy" (Information: David M.Williams, British Commission forMaritime History, Dept. of Econ­omic and Social History, Universityof Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH,UK [tel: +44 116-252-2582; FAX:+44 116-252-5081])

May 16Liverpool Nautical ResearchSociety, Annual General Meeting,Merseyside Maritime Museum,Liverpool, UK (Information: Mr.Paul Rees, Merseyside Maritime

ARGONAUTA

Museum, Albert Dock, Liverpool L34AA, UK [tel.: +44151-247-0001;FAX: +44 151-709-3003])

May 18Lake Michigan Conference of theGreat Lakes Lighthouse KeepersAssociation, Gulliver, MI (Informa­tion: Great Lakes LighthouseKeepers Association, PO Box 580,Allen Park, MI 48101 [tel.: + 1414­731-5305))

May 18"Ferries from the Mersey, " DaySchool of the National Museums andGalleries on MerseysidelUniversityof Liverpool, Merseyside MaritimeMuseum, Liverpool, UK (Informa­tion: Mr. Paul Rees, MerseysideMaritime Museum, Albert Dock,Liverpool L3 4AA, UK [tel.: +44151-247-0001; FAX: +44151-709­3003])

May 18"Seaborne Invaders of Britain," Na­tional Maritime Museum/Gold­smiths' College Day School, Na­tional Maritime Museum, Green­wich, UK (Information: Ms.Suzanne Test<:, Course Administra­tor, Open Museum, National Mari­time Museum, London SEIO 9NF[tel.: +44 181-312-6747])

May 18-23Sixth International Symposium onSociety and Resource Management,Pennsylvania State University, Uni­versity Park, PA (Information: Dr.A.E. Luloff, Dept. of AgriculturalEconomics and Rural Sociology,Pennsylvania State University, Uni­versity Park, PA 16802)

May 20-26Australian Institute for MaritimeArchaeology Conference, WesternAustralian Maritime Museum, Fre­mantle, WA (Information: WesternAustrali2r. Maritime Museum, CliffSt., Fremalltle, WA 6160 [tel.: +619-431-8444; FAX: +619-430-5120;e-mail: wrecks@rnm.Vla.gov.au])

May 20-September 22"Across the Western Ocean: Ameri-

21

can Ships by Liverpool Artists,"Exhibit, South Street SeaportMuseum, New York, NY (Informa­tion: South Street Seaport Museum,207 Front St., New York, NY10038 [tel.: + 1 212-748-8678;FAX: + 1 212-748-8623; e-mail:76551.3552@compuserve.com])

May 21Seminaire, Comite de documenta­tion historique de la Marine, Museede la Marine, Paris; Speaker:Michel Depeyre, "La pensee navalefranc;aise au XVIDe siecle" (Infor­mation: Sylvie David-Riverieulx,Service d'Etudes, Musee de laMarine, Palais de Chaillot, 75116Paris, France [tel.: +33 4-727­8370; FAX: +33 4-553-8160])

May 21-23"Multinational Naval Cooperationand Foreign Policy in the 21st Cen­tury, " Conference Sponsored byNATO and the Centre for ForeignPolicy Studies, Dalhousie Univer­sity, Halifax, NS (Information:Rear-Admiral F.W. Crickard, Con­ference Coordinator, Centre forForeign Policy Studies, DalhousieUniversity, Halifax, NS B3H 4H6[tel.: + 1 902-494-6628; FAX: + 1902-494-3825; e-mail: gwitol@is.dal.ca])

May 21-23Diesel Electric Propulsion '96,Alesund, Norway (Information:Lisa Olaussen, Conference Secre­tariat, NIP, Dronning Maudsgt. 15,PO Box 2312 Solli, N-0201 Oslo,Norway (tel.: +47 22-94-75-00;FAX: +47 22-94-75-02])

May 23-25"Commerce and War," AnnualConference of the Canadian Nauti­cal Research Society, Kingston, ON(Information: Lt-Cdr. WilliamGlover, Director General History,National Defence Headquarters,Ottawa, ON KIA 0K2 [tel.: + 1613-998-7048; FAX: + 1 613-990­8579])

May 24"Historic Ships: Design, Restoration

22

and Maintenance, " ConferenceSponsored by the Royal Institutionof Naval Architects, Bristol, UK(Information: Royal Institute ofNaval Architects, 10 Upper Bel­grave St., London SW 1 [tel.: +44171-235-4622; FAX: +44171-245­6959))

May 24-27"International Festival of the Sea ­Bristol '96," Bristol, UK (Informa­tion: Charles Payton, Director,International Festival of the Sea, POBox 496, 59 Prince St., Bristol BSI4QH, UK [tel.: +44117-922-1996;FAX: +44 117-922-1497))

May 26-31Sixth International Offshore andPolar Engineering Conference, LosAngeles, CA (Information: ISOPETechnical Program Committee, POBox 1107, Golden, CO 80402-11 07[tel.: +1 303-273-3673; FAX: +1303-420-3760))

May 27-September 2"SS United States: From Dream toReality," Exhibit, Central Railroadof New Jersey Terminal, LibertyState Park, NJ

May 303rd Annual Peter N. Davies Lecturein Maritime Business History, Spon­sored by the International MaritimeEconomic History Association inassociation with the Friends of theMerseyside Maritime Museum,Liverpool, UK; Speaker: Dr. FrankJ.A. Broeze (Univ. of Western Aus­tralia), "The Container Revolution,1960s to the 1990s" (Information:Paul Rees, Merseyside MaritimeMuseum, Albert Dock, LiverpoolL3 4AA [tel.: +44 151-247-0001;FAX: +44 151-709-3003))

May 31"The Battle ofJutland," Hidden Col­lections Day Course, National Mari­time Museum, Greenwich, UK(Information: Ms. Suzanne Testa,Course Administrator, OpenMuseum, National MaritimeMuseum, London SElO 9NF [tel.:+44 181-312-6747))

ARGONAUTA

May 31Fourth One-Day Conference onBritish Port History, University ofLeeds, Leeds, UK (Information: Dr.Wendy Childs, School of History,University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT,UK [tel.: +44-113-233-3588; FAX:+44 113-234-2759))

May-June"300th Anniversary of the Creationof the Russian Fleet by Peter theGreat," Conference, State MarineTechnicalUniversity, St. Petersburg,Russia (Information: Prof. D.M.Rostovsev, State Marine TechnicalUniversity, Lotsmanskaya str. 3, St.Petersburg 190008, Russia)

May-November"Exposition de Amiral Paris (1806­1893)," Exhibit, Musee de la Mar­ine, Paris (Information: SylvieDavid-Riverieulx, Service d'Etudes,Musee de la Marine, Palais deChaillot, 75116 Paris, France [tel.:+334-727-8370; FAX: +334-553­8160))

June 1"The Battle of Jutland Reconsider­ed," ':onference, University of Hul1,Hul1, UK (Information: Mr. E.Garcia, Centre for Security Studies,University of HUI1, Hul1 HU6 7RX)

June 1"The Royal Dockyards from Pepysto BruneI," National MaritimeMuseum/Goldsmiths' Col1ege DaySchool, National Maritime Museum,Greenwich, UK (Information: Ms.Suzanne Testa, Course Administra­tor, Open Museum, National Mari­time Museum, London SElO 9NF[tel.: +44 181-312-6747))

June 4-6"The West of France and the Col­onies," French Colonial HistoricalSociety, Poitiers, France (Informa­tion: Cornelius Jaenen, 9 rue Elma,Gloucester, ON KIT 3W8 [fax: 613564-9599] or Jean Tarrade, Institutd' Etudes Acadiennes et quebec­oises, 8 rue Rene Descartes, 86022Poitiers CEDEX, France [fax: + 3349-41-84-31))

APRIL 1996

June 4-6International Symposium on Com­munity-Based Whaling, Universityof California, Berkeley, CA (Infor­mation: Dr. Milton Freeman, Cana­dian Circumpolar Institute, Univer­sity ofAlberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E2 [tel.: + 1403-492-4682; FAX:+ 1403-492-5273; e-mail: Ccinst@gpu.srv.ualberta.ca))

June 5-8Second International Congress ofMaritime History, Amsterdam (In­formation: Mrs. Drs. C. ReindersFolmer, PO Box 102, NL-2350 ACLeiderdorp, Netherlands [tel.: +3171895382] or David M. Wil1iams,IMEHA Organizer, Dept. of Econ­omic and Social History, Universityof Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH,UK[tel.: +44116-252-2582; FAX:+44 116-252-5081))

June 5-9"The St. Lawrence, Gateway to theContinent and Birthplace of Ship­building in North America," NavalOfficers Association of Canada,Annual Conference, Quebec City,PQ (Information: Naval OfficersAssociation of Canada, PO Box26083, Nepean, ON K2H 9R6 [tel.:+ 1 613-832-3045; FAX: + 1 613­832-3917; e-mail: 102222.457@compuserve.coml)

June 7-9"Music of the Sea," Symposium,Mystic Seaport Museum, Mystic,CT (Information: Sea Music Sym­posium, Mystic Seaport Museum,75 Greenmanvil1e Ave., PO Box6000, Mystic, CT 06355-0990 [tel.:+ 1 860-572-0711, ext. 5037))

June 8International Maritime EconomicHistory Association, General Meet­ing, Amsterdam, Netherlands (In­formation: Dr. Olaf U. Janzen,Secretary, IMEHA, Dept. of His­tory, Sir Wilfred Grenfel1 Col1ege,Corner Brook, NF A2H 6P9 [tel.:+ 1 709-637-6282; FAX: + 1 709­639-8125; e-mail: OIaf@kean.ucs.mun.cal)

APRIL 1996

June 8International Commission for Mari­time History, Executive CouncilMeeting, Amsterdam, Netherlands(Information: Adrian Jarvis, ActingAssistant Secretary General, ICMH,Centre for Port and Maritime His­tory, Merseyside Maritime Museum,Albert Dock, Liverpool L3 4AQ[tel.: +44 151-478-4094; FAX:+44 151-474-4098])

June ll-September 3"Transport par mer, " Exhibit,National Museum of Science andTechnology, Ottawa, ON (Informa­tion: Garth S. Wilson, Curator ofMaritime History, National Museumof Science and Technology, PO Box9724, "Ottawa Terminal," Ottawa,ON KlG 5A3 [tel.: + 1 613-991­3087; FAX: + 1 613-990-3636; e­mail: Wilson@fox.nstn.ca])

June 12-13"Warship '96 - Naval Submarines5," Conference, Royal Institute ofNaval Architects, London, UK (In­formation: Conference Department,RINA, 10 Upper Belgrave St., Lon­don SWIX 8BQ, UK [tel.: +44171-235-4622; FAX: +44 171-245­6959])

June 14"Room Service: Aspects of LifeAboard the Ocean Liner," DaySchool of the National Museums andGalleries on MerseysidelUniversityof Liverpool, Merseyside MaritimeMuseum, Liverpool, UK (Informa­tion: Paul Rees, Merseyside Mari­time Museum, Albert Dock, Liver­pool L3 4AA [tel.: +44 151-247­0001; FAX: +44 151-709-3003])

June 14-15"Paddle-Steamers: Their Rise andDemise," Workshop, National Mari­time Museum, Greenwich, UK(Information: Ms. Suzanne Testa,Course Administrator, OpenMuseum, National MaritimeMuseum, London SElO 9NF [tel.:+44 181-312-6747])

June 17-2111th International Harbour Cong-

ARGONAUTA

ress, Antwerp, Belgium (Informa­tion: Rita Peys, c/o Ingenieurshuis,Desguinlei 214, B-2018 Antwerp,Belgium [tel.: +32 3-216-0996;FAX: +323-216-0689])

June 17-July 26"America and the Sea: MaritimeHistory and Culture since 1776,"National Endowment for theHumanities Summer Institute forCollege Faculty, Mystic SeaportMuseum, Mystic, CT (Information:Munson Institute of American Mari­time Studies, Mystic SeaportMuseum, PO Box 6000, 75 Green­manville Ave., Mystic, CT 06355­0990 [tel.: + I 860-572-5359; FAX:+ 1860-572-5329; e-mail: munson@mystic.org])

June 18Seminaire, Comite de documentationhistorique de la Marine, Musee de laMarine, Paris; Speaker: EtienneTaillemite, "Le voyage de Yacinthede Bougainville en Extreme-Orientet dans Ie Pacifique, 1824-1826"(Information: Sylvie David­Riverieulx, Service d'Etudes, Museede la Marine, Palais de Chaillot,75116 Paris, France [tel: +33 4­727-8370; FAX: +334-553-8160])

June 18-21"International Conference on CoastalFortifications: Their History, Resto­ration and Utilisation," Mauritius(Information: Dr. Monique Koenig,Coastal Fortifications Conference,Friends of the Environment, 4Labourdonnais St., Mauritius [tel.:+230 211-2989; FAX: +230 212­2524])

June 18-September 22"Winslow Homer," Exhibit, Metro­politan Museum of Art, New York,NY (Information: MetropolitanMuseum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue,New York, NY 10028-0198 [tel.:+ 1 212-535-7710])

June 19-21Mari-Tech '96, Conference spon­sored by the Canadian Institute ofMarine Engineering, Quebec, PQ(Information: Mari-Tech '96, 22

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George D. Davie St., Levis, PQG6V 6N7)

June 19-2152nd Annual Meeting of the Insti­tute of Navigation, Casmbridge,MA (Information: Lisa Beaty,Institute of Navigation, 1800 Diag­onal Rd., Suite 480, Alexandria,VA 22314 [tel.: +1703-683-7101;FAX: +1 703-768-3771])

June 20-21"Building European Shortsea Net­works," Third European ResearchRoundtable Conference on ShortseaShipping, Bergen, Norway (Infor­mation: Ms.· Anne-Liv Scrase,Centre for International Economicsand Shipping, Norwegian School ofEconomics and Business Adminis­tration, Helleveien 30, N-5035 Ber­gen-Sandviken, Norway [tel.: +4755-959575; FAX: +4755-952250])

June 20-23Steamboat History Conference,Louisville, KY (Information: Steam­boat Masters and Associates, Con­ference Committee, PO Box 3046,Louisville, KY 40201-3046 [tel.:+ 1 502-778-6784; FAX: + 1 502­776-9006])

June 23-26"Pan-Pacific Ports Conference,"Vancouver, BC

June 24-28International Whaling CommissionMeetings, Aberdeen, UK (Informa­tion: IWC Secretariat, The RedHouse, Station Road, Histon, Cam­bridge CB4 4NP, UK [FAX: +441223-232876])

June 26-28"Shipping, Ports and Logistics Ser­vices: Solutions for Global Issues,"International Association of Mari­time Economists Conference, Van­couver, BC (Information: Secre­tariat, International Association ofMaritime Economists," c/o VenueConference Services, 645-375Water St., Vancouver, BC [tel.: + 1604-681-5226; FAX: + 1 604-681­2503; e-mail: congress@venuewest.

24

com))

June-December"The Collections of the Mariners'Museum," Exhibit, Mariners'Museum, Newport News, VA (In­formation: Mariners' Museum, 100Museum Dr., Newport News, VA23606-3759 [tel.: + 1804-596-2222;FAX: + 1 804-591-8212; e-mail:info@mariner.org])

July 14Second International Conference onthe Geodetic Aspects of the Law ofthe Sea, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia(Information: Convenor, SecondInternational Conference on theGeodetic Aspects of the Law of theSea, c/o Pusat Penelitian KelautanITB, Jl.Ganesha 10, Bandung40132, Indonesia [te1.lFAX: +6222-250-6451])

July 24"Anglo-French Naval/MaritimeCooperation through the Ages,"Sixth Anglo-French Naval HistoryConference, University of Exeter,Exeter, UK (Information and Pro­posals: Dr. Michael Duffy, Centrefor Maritime Historical Studies,University of Exeter, Queen's Build­ing, Queen's Drive, Exeter EX44QH, UK)

July 9-12"Forming Fair and Effective Part­nerships," Wetlands '96,Washington, DC (Information:Association of Wetlands Managers,PO Box 269, Berne, NY 12023­9745 [tel.: + 1 518-872-1804; FAX:+1518-872-2171))

July 12-February 4, 1997"Reaching Home: Pacific Salmon,Pacific People," Exhibit, ThomasBurke Memorial State Museum,Seattle, WA (Information: ThomasBurke Memorial State Museum,University of Washington, Seattle,WA 98195 (tel.: +1206-543-5590)

July 13-8eptember 21"Newport News Centennial, "Exhibit, Mariners' Museum, New­port News, VA (Information:

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Mariners' Museum, 100 MuseumDr., Newport News, VA 23606­3759 [tel.: + 1 804-596-2222; FAX:+ 1 804-591-8212; e-mail: info@mariner .org))

July 14-17Australian Historical Association,including half-day panel on maritimehistory sponsored by the AustralianAssociation for Maritime History,University of Melbourne, Melbour­ne, Australia (Information: J.L.Anderson, School of Economics, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Vic­toria 3083 [tel.: +61 3-479-1111;FAX: +61 3-479-1654; e-mail: jI.anderson@latrobe.edu.au))

July 14-17"Seeking Balance: Conflict, Resol­ution and Partnership," FifteenthInternational Conference of theCoastal Society, Seattle, WA (Infor­mation: Megan D. Bailiff, Confer­ence Chair, c/o Washington SeaGrant Program, 3716 Brooklyn Ave.NE, Seattle, WA 98105-6716 [tel.:+ 1 206-685-1108; FAX: + 1 206­685-0380; e-mail: mbailiff@u.washington.edu])

July 15-17"Women, Trade and Business: Fromthe Medieval Period to the Present,"Second Exeter International GenderHistory Conference, University ofExeter, Exeter, UK (Information and250-word abstracts to: Moira Donaldor Lyndan Warner, Dept. of Historyand Archaeology, Queen's Building,University of Exeter, Exeter EX44QH [tel.: +44 1392 264318; e­mail: T.L.Warner@exeter.ac.uk))

July 18-20COBIA Days, Wisconsin MaritimeMuseum, Manitowoc, WI (Informa­tion: Wisconsin Maritime Museum,75 Maritime Dr., Manitowoc, WI54220-6843 [tel.: + I 414-743-5958;FAX: + 1 414-684-0219))

July 21-26"Hazards '96: Great Lakes Haz­ards," Sixth Annual Symposium onNatural and Man-Made Hazards,Toronto, ON (Information: Dr. S.

APRIL 1996

Venkatesh, Chair, Scientific Com­mittee, Hazards '96, EnvironmentCanada, 4905 Dufferin St., Downs­view, ON M3H 5T4 [tel.: + 1 416­739-4911; FAX: +1416-739-4221;e-mail: Svenkatesh@old.aes.doe.ca))

July 28-August 2Second World Fisheries Congress,Brisbane, Australia (Information:Congress Secretariat, PO Box 1280,Brisbane, QLD 4064 [tel.: +61 7­369-0477; FAX +61 7-369-1512))

July 29-August 2Pan-Pacific Hazards '96, Universityof British Columbia, Vancouver,BC (Information: Conference Secre­tariat, Disaster PreparednessResource Centre, University ofBritish Columbia, 2206 East Mall,4th Floor, Vancouver, BC V6T 123[tel.: + 1 604-822-5254; FAX: + 1604-822-6164; e-mail: dprc@unixg.ubc.ca))

August 3420th Annual Model Ships and BoatsContest, Wisconsin MaritimeMuseum, Manitowoc, WI (Informa­tion: Wisconsin Maritime Museum,75 Maritime Dr., Manitowoc, WI54220-6843 [tel.: +1 414-743­5958; FAX: + 1 414-684-0219))

August 6-8"Albert Dock/150 Conference,"Merseyside Maritime Museum,Liverpool, UK (Information: AdrianJarvis, Co-Director, Centre for Portand Maritime History, MerseysideMaritime Museum, Liverpool L34AQ [tel.: +44 151-478-4094;FAX: +44 151-474-4098))

August 7-9"Coastal Environment '96: Environ­mental Problems of Coastal Man­agement, " Conference, FederalUniversity of Rio de Janeiro, Riode Janeiro, Brazil (Information: SueOwen, Wessex Institute of Technol­ogy, Ashurst Lodge, SouthamptonS0507AA [tel.: +441703-293223;FAX: +44 1703-292853; e-mail:cmi@ib.rI.ac.uk))

APRIL 1996

August 9-September 22"Picture This: Toronto Harbour inArt," Open Juried Exhibit and Sale,Marine Museum of Upper Canada,Toronto, ON (Information: Jo AnnPynn, Exhibit Co-ordinator, TorontoHistorical Baord, 205 Yonge St.,Toronto, ON M5B IN2 [tel.: + I416-392-6827, ext. 233])

August 12-17"Integrated Management andSustainable Development in CoastalZones," Coastal Zone Canada '96,Rimouski, PQ (Information: Dr.Mohammed EI-Sabh, President,Conference Internationale ZCC '96,Groupe de recherche en environmentcotier, Universite du Quebec aRimouski, 310 Allee des Ursuline,Rimouski, PQ GSL 3Al [tel.: + 1418-724-1707; FAX: +1 418-724­1842; e-mail: mohammed_etsabh@uqar.uquebec.ca])

August IS-November 17"Marine Art in the Age of Lithogra­phy," Exhibit, Mariners' Museum,Newport News, VA (Information:Mariners' Museum, 100 MuseumDr., Newport News, VA 23606­3759 [tel.: + 1 804-596-2222; FAX:+ 1 804-591-8212; e-mail: info@mariner.org])

August 17Lake Superior Conference of theGreat Lakes Lighhouse KeepersAssociation, Two Harbors, MN (In­formation: Great Lakes LighthouseKeepers Association, PO Box 580,Allen Park, MI 48101 [tel.: + 1414-731-5305])

August 19-23Ninth International Navigation Sim­ulator Lecturers' Conference, BritishColumbia Institute of Technology,Vancouver, BC (Information: Giin­ther Zade, Chair, Papers Commit­tee, INSLC 9, World MaritimeUniversity, PO Box 500, 20J 24Malmo, Sweden [tel.: +46 40­356367; FAX: +4640-128442])

August 30-31"Business and European Integrationsince 1800: Regional, National and

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International Perspectives," FirstConference of the European Busi­ness History Association, Gothen­burg, Sweden (Information: Prof.Ulf Olsson, Dept. of EconomicHistory, Gothenburg University,Skanstorget 18, S-411 22 Gothen­burg, Sweden [tel.: +46 31-773­4744; FAX: +46 31-773-4739; e­mail: Ulf.Olsson@econhist.gu.se])

August"Lighthouses," XIth Baltic Seminar,Provincial Museum ofKymenlaakso,Kotka, Finland (Information andProposals: Ms. Eira Karppinen,Provincial Museum ofKymenlaakso,Kotkankatu 13, SF-48100 Kotka,Finland [tel.: +358 52-274235;FAX: +35852-274275])

September 1-89th General Assembly of the Interna­tional Congress of Maritime Muse­ums, National Maritime Museum,Greenwich; Merseyside MaritimeMuseum, Liverpool; and RoyalNaval Museum, Portsmouth UK(Information: Mr. Adrian Jarvis,Co-Director, Centre for Port andMaritime History, Merseyside Mari­time Museum, Albert Dock,Liverpool L3 4AQ [tel.: +44 151­478-4094; FAX: +44 151-478­4098])

September 2-6"Coastal Engineering Heritage,"25th International Conference onCoastal Engineering, Orlando, FL(Information: IeCE '96, c/o ConradBlucher Institute, Texas A&M Uni­versity, 6300 Ocean Dr., CorpusChristi, TX 78412 [tel.: + 1 512­994-2376; FAX: + 1512-994-2715])

September 3-6Baltexpo '96: 8th International Mari­time Exhibition, Gdansk, Poland(Information: Agpol Promotions, ul.Sniadeckich 17, 00-654 Waraw,Poland [tel./FAX: +4~2-628-7295])

September 4-6International Conference on theEffects of Economic Globalizationand Regional Integration on SmallCountries, Nicosia, Cyprus (lnfor-

25

mation: Permanent Secretary, Inter­national Conference, PlanningBureau, Apellis Str., Nicosia,Cyprus [tel.: +357 230-2649;FAX: +357 236-6810; e-mail:planning@ cytanet.com.cy])

September 8-13MARSIM '96: International Confer­ence on Marine Simulation and ShipManoeuvrability, Copenhagen,Denmark (Information: Jens U.Romeling, Danish Maritime Insti­tute, Hjortekrersvej 99, DK-2800Lyngby, Denmark [tel.: +4545-87­93-25; FAX: +45 45-87-93-33])

September 9-12"Steam at Sea: The Application ofSteam Power in the MaritimeWorld," International Conference,University of Hull, UK (Informa­tion: Dr. David 1. Starkey, Uni­versity of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX[tel.: +441482-465624; +441482­466126; e-mail: D.1.Starkey@hist.hull.ac.uk])

September 9-13Scientific Instrument Commission ofthe International Union for the His­tory and Philosophy of Science,Conference, National Museum ofScience and Technology, Ottawa,ON (Information and Proposals byApril 30. 1996: Dr. RandallBrooks, Curator, Physical Sciencesand Space, National Museum ofScience and Technology. PO Box9724, Terminal T, Ottawa, ONKIG 5A3 [tel.: + 1 613-990-2804;FAX: + 1 613-990-3636; e-mail:Brooks@fox. nstn.ca])

September 9-1314th International Tug and SalvageConvention, Bell Harbour Interna­tional Convention Centre, Seattle,WA (Information: ITS Secretariat,ABR Co. Ltd., 19 Bridge Rd.,Hampton Court, East Molesey,Surrey KT8 9EU, UK [tel.: +44181-941-7878; FAX: +44181-941­8787; e-mail: tugsrus@abreed.demon.co.uk])

September 12-14Association for Great Lakes Mari-

26

time History, Annual General Meet­ing, Bruce County Museum, South­ampton, ON (Information: RobertGraham, Treasurer, Association forGreat Lakes Maritime History,Institute for Great Lakes Research,12764 Levis Pkwy., Perrysburg, OH43551 [tel.: + 1 419-874-3907;FAX: + 1 419-874-4385; e-mail:Rgraham@bgnet.bgsu.edu])

September 16-19Littoral '96: Partnership in CoastalZone Management, Portsmouth, UK(Information: Christine Tonkin, Lit­toral '96, University of Portsmouth,Ravelin House, Museum Rd., Ports­mouth POI 2QQ, UK [tel.: +441705-843153; FAX: +44 1705­843612])

September 16-20"Advanced Technology and Man­ning," Ninth International MaritimeLecturers' Association Conferenceon Maritime Education and Train­ing, Kobe University of the Mer­cantile Marine, Kobe, Japan (Infor­mation: Gunther Zade, Chair,Papers Committee, IMLA 9, WorldMaritime University, PO Box 500,201 24 Malmo, Sweden [tel.: +4640-356367; FAX: +4640-128442])

September 16-20American Association of Port Auth­orities Annual Conference,Vancouver, BC (Information: Amer­ican Asociation of Port Authorities[tel.: + 1 703-684-5700; FAX: + 1703-684-6321])

September 21-22"Users, Applications and Limita­tions," First Workshop on PersonalComputers in Maritime Educationand Training, Kobe University ofthe Mercantile Marine, Kobe, Japan(Information: Samar J. Singh,Chair, Papers Committee on PCs inMET Workshop, Maritime Special­ist Services, Centre for MaritimeStudies, Hong Kong Polytechnic,Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong[teI.IFAX: +852-2363-9067])

September 16-November 29"Transport par Mer," Exhibit, New

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Brunswick Museum, Saint John, NB(Information: Robert Elliot, Curatorof Technology, New BrunswickMuseum, 277 Douglas Ave., SaintJohn, NB E2K 1E5 [tel.: + 1 506­643-2355; FAX: + 1506-643-2360])

September 18-21Fifth Icelandic Fisheries Exhibition,Reykjavik (Information: Ms. PatriciaFoster, Exhibition Director, NexusMedia Ltd., Top Floor, 84 KewRd., Richmond, Surrey TW9 2PQ,UK [tel.: +44181-332-9273; FAX:+44 181-332-9335)

September 23-26"Oceans '96: The Coastal Ocean ­Prospects for the 21 st Century,"Conference, Broward County, CA(Information: Oceans '96, TexasA&M University, College Station,TX 77843 [FAX: + 1409-847-9284;e-mail: oceans96@cs.tamu.edu])

September 24-26Hydro '96: 10th International Sym­posium of the Hydrographic Society,Rotterdam (Information: Ms. P.Y.van den Burg, Hydro '96 OrganizingCommittee, Oceanographic Com­pany of the Netherlands, PO Box7429,2701 AKZoetermeer, Nether­lands [tel.: +31 7-942-8316; FAX:+31 7-941-5084])

September 26-29"Scotia and Nova Scotia," Confer­ence on Transatlantic Connections,Saint Mary's University, Halifax,NS (Information and proposals byMay 15,1996 to: Michael E. Vance,Dept. of History, Saint Mary'sUniversity, Halifax, N.S. B3H 3C3[tel.: + 1 902-420-5766; FAX: + 1902-420-5141] or Scott McLean,Canadian Association of ScottishStudies, Dept. ofHistory , Universityof Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1(Tel./FAX: +1519-371-8304])

October 2-4Society of Naval Architects andMarine Engineers Annual Confer­ence, New York, NY (Information:Carmela Iaccarino, MarketingCoordinator, SNAME, 601 PavoniaAve., Jersey City, NJ 07306 [tel.:

APRIL 1996

+1201-798-4800, ext. 3029 or +1800-798-2188; FAX: +1 201-798­4975])

October 3-5"Coligny les Protestants et la Mer,1558-1626," Sixth Conference ofHistory and Maritime Archaeology,RochefortlLa Rochelle, France(Information: Irene Demay, Facultedes Lettres, Arts et SciencesHumaines de La Rochelle, 23avenue Albert Einstein, 17071 LaRochelle Cedex 9, France [tel.:+33 16-46-00-34-04; FAX: +3316-46-00-33-89])

October 5"Building the Sea: Design andFunction in Modern Ship Architec­ture," Conference, National Mari­time Museum, Greenwich, UK(Information: Dr. Marguerite Lin­coln, National Maritime Museum,Greenwich SElO 9NF, UK [tel.:+44 181-312-6686; e-mail:exa01ml@gold.ac. uk])

October 19-March 16, 1997"Figureheads and Carvings, "Exhibit, Mariners' Museum, New­port News, VA (Information: Mari­ners' Museum, 100 Museum Dr.,Newport News, VA 23606-3759[tel.: + 1 804-596-2222; FAX: + 1804-591-8212; e-mail:info@mari­ner.org])

October 24-25"Safer Ships and CompetentCrews," Conference sponsored bythe Company of Master Mariners ofCanada and the UK Nautical Insti­tute, Halifax, NS (Information:Capt. Angus Macdonald, Secretary,Company of Master Mariners ofCanada [FAX: +1 902-492-8761;e-mail: am370@ccn.cs.dal.ca))

October"Escape, Evacuation and Rescue,"Conference, London, UK (informa­tion: Conference Department, RoyalInstitute of Naval Architects, 10Upper Belgrave St., London SW1X8BQ, UK [tel.: +44171-235-4622;FAX: +44 171-245-6959])

APRIL 1996

November 4-6Ausmarine '96, Fremantle, WA(Information: Baird Publications, 10Oxford St., South Yarra, Victoria3140 [tel.: +6139-826-8741; FAX:+61 39-827-0704))

November 6Maritime Mission Archives: Prob­lem or Opportunity?" Conferencesponsored by the International Aso­ciation for the Study of the MaritimeMission, London, UK (Information:Robert Miller, Allen Hall, 28Beaufort St., London SW3 5AA,UK [FAX: +44 171-351-4486))

November 21-22"Watertight Integrity of Ships,"Conference, Royal Society of Arts,London, UK (Information: Confer­ence Department, Royal Institute ofNaval Architects, 10 Upper Belg­rave St., London SWIX 8BQ, UK[tel.: +44 171-235-4622; FAX:+44 171-245-6959))

November 21-23International Workboat Show, NewOrleans, LA

December 12-April 30, 1997"Lighthouses and Keepers," Exhibit,Mariners' Museum, Newport News,VA (Information: Mariners'Museum, 100 Museum Dr., New­port News, VA 23606-3759 [tel.:+ 1 804-596-2222; FAX: + 1 804­591-8212; e-mail: info@ mari­ner.org))

December-January 1997"Les clippers, celebration du cen­tenaire du Belem," Exhibit, Museede la Marine, Paris (Information:Sylvie David-Riverieulx, Serviced'Etudes, Musee de la Marine,Palais de Chaillot, 75116 Paris,France [tel.: +33 4-727-8370;FAX: +334-553-8160))

1997

January 20-22Institute of Navigation, NationalTechnical Conference, Santa Mon­ica, CA (Information: Lisa Beaty,Institute of Navigation, 1800 Diag-

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onaIRd., Suite 480, Alexandria, VA22314 [tel.: +1 703-683-7101;FAX: + 1 703-768-3771))

February-April"35e Salon de la Marine," Exhibit,Musee de la Marine, Paris (Informa­tion: Sylvie David-Riverieulx, Ser­vice d'Etudes, Musee de la Marine,Palais de Chaillot, 75116 Paris,France [tel.: +334-727-8370; FAX:+334-553-8160))

March 15Fifth Annual New Researchers inMaritime History Conference,Centre ior Port and Maritime His­tory, Merseyside Maritime Museum,Liverpool, UK (Information andProposals by November 28, 1996:Mr. Adrian Jarvis, Co-Director,Centre for Port and Maritime His­tory, Merseyside Maritime Museum,Albert Dock, Liverpool L3 4AQ[tel.: +44 151-478-4094; FAX:+44 151-478-4098))

April 7-10"19th-Century Maritime Philan­thropy: Social, Religious and Econ­omic Contexts, " Fourth InternationalMaritime Mission Conference, Mys­tic, CT (Information and Proposalsby June 30, 1996: Robert Miller,Allen Hall, 28 Beaufort St., LondonSW3 5AA, UK [FAX: +44 171­351-4486))

April 16-20Annual Conference of the NorthAmerican Society for Oceanic His­tory, Newport, Rl (Information: Dr.John B. Hattendorf, Naval WarCollege, 686 Cushing Rd., Newport,Rl 02841-1207 [tel.: +1 401-841­2101; FAX: +1401-841-4258])

April 20-27Third International Conference onthe Technical Aspects of the Preser­vation of Historic Vessels, SanFrancisco, CA (Information: RussellBooth, National Maritime MuseumAssociation, PO Box 470310, SanFrancisco, CA 94147-0310 [tel.: + 1415-441-5819; FAX: +1 415-441­0365; e-mail: pampanito@aol.com))

27

June 12-16"Cabot and His World," Confer­ence, St. John's and Bonavista, NF,sponsored by Newfoundland His­torical Society

JuneNaval Officers Association ofCanada, Annual Conference, St.John's, NF (Information: NavalOfficers Association of Canada, POBox 26083, Nepean, ON K2H 9R6[tel.: + 1 613-832-3045; FAX: + 1613-832-3917; e-mail: 102222.457@compuserve.com])

3-5 JulyFourth Anglo-Dutch Maritime His­tory Conference, Leiden, Nether­lands

Summer"Global Markets: The International­ization of the Sea Transport Indus­tries since 1850," Pre-Conferencesponsored by the International Mari­time Economic History Association,Piraeus, Greece (Information andProposals by June 1, 1996: Dr.David J. Starkey, Dept. of History,University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX,UK [tel.: +44 1482-465624; FAX:+44 1482-466126; e-mail: DJ.Starkey@hist.hull.ac.uk))

August 12-15"Coastal Communities," EighthConference of the Association forthe History of the Northern Seas,Fiskeri- og Sefartsmuseum, Esb­jerg, Denmark (Information: Prof.Poul Holm, Centre for Maritimeand Regional History, Fiskeri- ogSefartsmuseet, Tarphagevej 2, DK­6710 Esbjerg V, Denmark [tel.:+45 75-150666; fax: +45 75­153057; e-mail: cmrhpoh@inet.unic.dk))

August 22-24"Financing the Maritime Sector,"Fifth North Sea History Confer­ence, Rotterdam, Netherlands

September 2-14"Summit of the Sea," Conference,St. John's, NF (Information: DaveFinn, Summit of the Sea, John

28

Cabot 500th Anniversary Corpor­ation, PO Box 1997, Crosbie Bldg.,1 Crosbie Place, St. John's, NFAIC 5R4 [tel.: +1709-579-1997;FAX: + 1 709-579-2067; e-mail:david_finn@porthole.entnet.nf.ca))

September 7-9International Maritime LecturersAssociation, St. John's, NF

September 7-9North Atlantic Islands Conference,St. John's, NF

September 10-12"A Shift in Paradigm: VisioningSustainable Harvests from theNorthwest Atlantic in the Twenty­First Century," Conference spon­sored by the Northwest AtlanticFisheries Organization, St. John's,NF (Information: Hans Lassen,Danish Institute for FisheriesResearch, Charlottenlund Slot, DK­2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark [tel.:+45 33-963300; FAX: +45 33­963333; e-mail: HL@dfu.min. dk))

September 24-27Eighth International Symposium onBoat and Ship Archaeology, Cen­tralne Muzeum Morskie, Gdansk,Poland (Information: Dr. JerzyLitwin, Secretariat ISBSA 8, Cen­tralne Muzeum Morskie, il. Szeroka67/68, 80-835 Gdansk, Poland[FAX: +48 58-318453))

1998

January 21-23Institute of Navigation, NationalTechnical Conference, Santa Mon­ica, CA (Information: Lisa Beaty,Institute of Navigation, 1800 Diag­onal Rd., Suite 480, Alexandria,VA 22314 [tel.: +1703-683-7101;FAX: + 1 703-768-3771))

July"Peter the Great and the West: NewPerspectives on Peter the Great,"Conference, National MaritimeMuseum, Greenwich, UK

AugustTwelfth International Congress of

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Economic History, Seville, Spain,including B session on "Global Mar­kets: The Internationalization of theSea Transport Industries since1850," sponsored by the Interna­tional Maritime Economic HistoryAssociation (Information and Propo­sals by June 1, 1996: Dr. David J.Starkey, Dept. of History, Univer­sity of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK[tel.: +441482-465624; FAX: +441482-466126; e-mail: DJ.Starkey@hist.hull.ac.uk))

1999

April"Contemporary Maritime Missions, "Fifth International Maritime MissionConference, Europe (Information:Stephen Friend, Religious and Cul­tural Studies, College of Ripon andYork St. John, York Y03 7EX, UK[FAX: +44 1904-612512))

SummerJoint Conference of the Associationfor the History of the Northern Seasand the Canadian Nautical ResearchSociety, Sir Wilfred Grenfell Col­lege, Corner Brook, NF (Informa­tion: Dr. Olaf U. Janzen, Dept. ofHistory, Sir Wilfred Grenfell Col­lege, Corner Brook, NF A2H 6P9[tel.: + 1 709-637-6282; FAX: + 1709-639-8125; e-mail: Olaf@kean.ucs.mun.ca))

2000

Summer3rd International Congress of Mari­time History, sponsored by the In­ternational Maritime Economic Hist­ory Association, Fiskeri- og Sefarts­museum, Esbjerg, Denmark (Infor­mation: Prof. Poul Holm, Fiskeri­og Sefartsmuseet, DK-671O EsbjergV, Denmark [tel.: +4575-150666;FAX: +45 75-153057; e-mail:cmrhpoho@inet.uni-c.dk))

SummerInternational Congress of HistoricalSciences, Oslo, Norway, includingCongress of the International Com­mission for Maritime History (Infor­mation: Prof. dr. Fran~ois Bectarida,

APRIL 1996

Secretary General, InternationalCommittee of Historical Sciences,Institut d'Histoire Temps Present,44 rue de I'Amiral Mouchez, 75014Paris, France [tel.: + 33 1-45-80­90-46; FAX: +33 1-45-65-43-50))

PERSONAL NEWS

DAN CONLIN is this year's recipientof the CNRS Young Scholars Award.He will present a paper on "Nova Sco­tian Privateers in the Caribbean, 1793­1805" at the CNRS Conference on inKingston next month. JAMES DEL­GADO's most recent essay is "Ships asBuildings in Gold Rush San Francisco,"Mariners' Museum Journal, I (1995),4-13. ROBERT FISHER's contribu­tion to the CNRS Conference will be apaper on "The Impact of German Tech­nological Advances on CanadianEscorts, 1942-43." CHARLES DANAGffiSON is the author of "Emigrationto Haiti, 1863: The i1e aVache Colon­ization Scheme," Mariners' MuseumJournal, 1(1995), 20-25. BARRY M.GOUGH will speak on "The RoyalNavy in the Canadian River War,1837-38" to next month's CNRS Con­ference in Kingston. VERNON W.HOWLAND will present a paper on"Dangerous Waters: The Grounding ofHM Ships at Point Amour" at theCNRS Annual Conference in Kingstonin May. His full plate of researchcurrently includes studies of the loss ofHMS Kent (1889) and HMS Raleigh(1922) at Point Amour, Labrador; theloss of HMS Glorious (1940); and theintroduction of wireless telegraphy inthe Royal Navy to 1920. In May,OLAF JANZEN will present a paperon "A Scottish Merchant in Newfound­land in 1726: The Voyage of the Chris­tian of Leith" to the Canadian Histori­cal Association in St. Catharines.GREG KENNEDY will give a talk on"The Worth of the Navy in the Age ofPeel, 1840-1850" to delegates at theCNRS Annual Conference in May.FAYE KERT's Presidential address atnext month's CNRS conference will beon "The Fortunes of War: CommercialWarfare and Maritime Risk in the Warof 1812." WALTER LEWIS will givea paper entitled "'Without Danger fromImperfection of Form, Material or

APRIL 1996

Workmanship:" Steamboat Inspectionon the Great Lakes to 1860" to theCNRS Annual Conference next monthin Kingston. GERALD PANTING'saward-winning book, Maritime Capital:The Merchant Marines in AtlanticCanada, 1820-1914 (with Eric W.Sager) will appear shortly in a paper­back edition from McGill-Queen'sUniversity Press. G. EDWARDREED's paper at next month's CNRSConference is on "Confederate NavalStrategy, 1861-65: Guerre de Course,Blockades, Ironclads." ROGERSARTY will lecture on "New Light onthe Battle of the Gulf of St. Lawrence,1942" at the 1995 CNRS Annual Con­ference. MAURICE SMITH will talkon "Seafaring Labour on the Lakes inthe 1880s" to the conference on "Com­merce and War" sponsored by CNRSnext month in Kingston.

RESEARCH DIRECTORYUPDATES

Name: BRADFORD, JAMES C.

Institution: US Air War College

Address: AWCIDFS, 325 ChennaultCircle, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6427(0)

Phone: + 1 334-953-2727 (0)

FAX: + 1 334-953-5383 (0)

E-mail: Jbradford@maxl.au.af.mil

Research: John Paul Jones; US Navy to1920; American Revolutionary War

Publications: Ed., The Papers of JohnPaul Jones (10 reels and guide; Arling­ton, VA, 1986); Ed., Makers of theAmerican Naval Tradition (3 vols.,Annapolis, 1985-1990); Crucible ofEmpire: The Spanish-American Warand Its Aftermath (Annapolis, 1993)

Name: CONLIN, DAN

Institution: Dept. of History, SaintMary's University

Address: 6310 Duncan St., Halifax, NSB3L lK3 (H)

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Phone: + 1 902-492-9939 (H)

E-mail: ac505@cfn.cs.dal.ca

Research: Privateering; Piracy; Late19th-Century Shipbuilding

Name: CORTES, JOSE-LUIS

Address: 69, ave. Dunois, app. 1531,75646 Paris Cedex 13, France

Phcne: +33 1-44-24-12-92 (H)

Research: Nautical Archaeology; NavalArchitecnlre

Name: CRUDDAS, EDWARD (TED)

Address: Box 1220, Medley, AB TOA2MO (H)

Phone: + 1 403-594-4846 (H)

Research: Canadian Naval Aviation,1939-1970

Name: DIXON, CONRAD

Address: HighfieldHouse, Ludgershall,Andover, Hants SPII 9QD, UK (H)

Phone: +44 1264-790312 (H)

Research: Merchant Shipping; Mer­chant Seamen; Navigational Techniques

Publications: Simple Navigation(Leatherhead, 1992); Basic CoastalNavigation (London, 1993); Using GPS(London, 1994)

Name: GARCIA, BOB

Institution: Fort Malden National His­toric Site

Address: P.O. Box 38, 100 LairdAve., Amherstburg, ON N9V 2Z2

Phone: + 1 519-736-5416

FAX:: -:-1 519-736-6003

E-mail: Bob_Garcia@pch.gc.ca

Research: Provincial Marine, RoyalNavy, on the Great Lakes, 1790s-1815

29

Name: LEISHMAN, ROBERT

Address: 59 Glenshaw Cres., Toronto,ON M4B 2El (H)

Phone: + 1 416-752-8135 (H)

Research: History of Canadian ConvoyEscorts, World Wars I and IT; Historyof Naval Exploration of the CanadianNorth; History of Great Lakes Shipping

Name: MALCOMSON, TOM

Address: 40 Cairns ide Cres., NorthYork, ON M2J 3M8 (H)

Phone: + 1 416-499-8650 (H)

E-mail: Tmalcoms@growne.on.ca

Research: Horatio Nelson, BenjaminHallowell; Naval Aspects of the War of1812; Ship Construction, 1750-1815

Research: HMS Detroit: The BattleforLake Erie (St. Catharines, ON, 1990,with R. Malcomson); "September1813: The Decidedly Indecisive En­gagements between Chauncey andYeo," Inland Seas, XLVIT, No.4(Winter 1991), 299-313; "HMS Vic­tory: The Evolution of Her Bow, PartsI and II," Model Ship Builder, XVI,No. 93 (January/February 1995), 18­24; and No. 94 (March/April 1995),17-22.

Name: WEST, EDWARD D.K.

Address: 40 Hansen St., Scarborough,North Yorkshire Y0l2 7LN, UK (H)

Phone: +44 1723-367133 (H)

Research: Merchant Fleets (World­Wide); UK and Canadian Navies

Name: WILSON, RICHARD J.

Address: 11 Larrakeyah Terrace,Darwin, NT 0820, Australia (H)

Phone: +61 44-89-813781 (H)

FAX: +61 44-89-418400 (H)

Research: Australian Maritime History