archival science - provenance, original order and respect des fonds
TRANSCRIPT
Provenance, Original Order
and Respect des Fonds
Prepared by: Roxanne Peña
Dr. Juan C. Buenrostro, Jr.
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Provenance
• Origin or source of
something, or as the
person, agency or
office of origin that
created, acquired,
used and retained a
body of records in
the course of their
work or life.
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Principle of Provenance
Do not put together archival
materials that have come from different creators
or origins
Do not reorganize by subject, chronology, geographic division, etc.
Respect the individual, family, or organization that created or
received the items
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Original Order
• Organization
and sequence
of records
established by
the creator of
the records.
Principle of Original Order
Maintain records in the order in which those records were created, received, filed
or used.
Look for evidence of a pre-existing
arrangement, devised by the
creator.
Preserving relationships among the
records and to respect
context in which the
records came to be.
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Principle of Original Order
Retaining existing filing systems and saving the archivist from having to decide upon and apply a new and artificial structure.
Researchers who often tend to think more about subjects and dates than creating agencies
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Respect des Fonds
• Respect for the creator of the archives.
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Principle of Provenance
Principle of Original Order
Principle of
Respect des Fonds
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Protecting the external integrity
(Provenance)
Protecting the internal integrity (Original Order)
Protection of the content, structure
and context of archives, serving as authentic and
reliable documentary
evidence
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Concept of Fonds
• Conceptual
container that holds
the materials of a
particular creator.
• Example: Leonardo
da Vinci fonds,
Albert Einstein fonds
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Challenges to the Principles of Respect des
Fonds, Provenance and Original Order
Absence of a whole
Importance of items
Reality of multiple provenances
Overlap between archives and collections
Original order and the last resting place
Focusing on function
Making order out of chaos11
Absence of a whole
• It is highly unlikely that
an archival institution
will ever have in its
possession, the ‘whole’
of the documents of any
individual, family or
corporate body.
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Importance of items
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• When managing individual items or small
units of materials, the archivist needs to
focus even more attention not just on
provenance, but also on custodial history.
• Some items does not have contextual
information or custodial history.
Reality of multiple provenances
• Archival materials passed
down from generation to
generation.
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Overlap between archives
and collections
• Artificial collections =
groups of archival
materials brought
together according to
some unifying
characteristic.
• Example: Maureen
Lee’s shoebox full of
old postcards15
Original order and
the last resting place
• Location of the archival
material is in the hands of
someone other than its
author and the structure of
the documents with cryptic
references to missing
pages.
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Focusing on function
• Functional provenance = The origin of a
group of materials as determined by the
activities that produce the materials (the
function), rather than organizational unit.
• Example: Department of Mines, Energy,
Petroleum and Gas = Department of
Mines, Department of Energy, Department
of Petroleum
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Making order out of chaos
• Archives that is badly disorganized.
• Example: Several boxes of archival materials of a deceased local author who had no family or close friends to help sort out.
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Absence of provenance
and original order
• Archival materials
that come with no
provenance and
so has lost its
archival value.
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Assigning Names
Some archivists may see merit in using the term fonds to identify archives; others may
prefer terms such as archive, papers or group.
Name and categorize archival materials so that they may be appraised and arranged,
described and made available.
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Americans
• Archives => public sector materials
• Manuscripts/Papers => private/personal materials
English
• Archive/Archives => collection, papers, correspondence, papers and correspondence
Canadians
• Records/Archives/Archives Group => public and organizational materials
• Manuscripts/Manuscript Group => private and personal materials
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Assigning Names
The challenge is to define those terms within the particular
context in question and then use those terms within the
particular context in question and then use those terms
consistently so that they remain meaningful and logical.
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Reference
• Millar, L. (2010). Archives: Principles and
practices. New York: Neal-Schuman
Publishers.
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