architecture | mechanical | electrical |...
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ARCHITECTURE | MECHANICAL | ELECTRICAL | CIVIL | TECHNOLOGY
August 31, 2014 2 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
CAMPUS UTILITY METERING 30,000 – 5,000 Foot Look RMA Webinar
August 28, 2014 Carol N. Larson, PE, CEM, LEED AP
Henry Johnstone, P.E., GLHN Architects & Engineers, Inc.
Why Metering? Accounting Operations Planning
ANALYZING AND MONITORING BIG DATA . . .
Learning Objectives: Capture the utility cost of your buildings Learn how to fairly charge your customers
Tools to improve performance
August 31, 2014 3 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
CAMPUS ENERGY FLOW
August 31, 2014 4 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
CAMPUS ENERGY FLOW Campus Energy Flow Summer Operation
August 31, 2014 5 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
CAMPUS METERED SYSTEMS
• Electric Power
• Natural Gas
• Other Fossil Fuels
• Water/Sewer
• Steam/Condensate
• Heating Water
• Chilled Water
• Electric Power
INPUT OUTPUT
August 31, 2014 6 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
LEVELS OF METERING
• Purchased commodity (incoming meters)
• Manufactured utilities (plant production meters)
• Distribution meters (main feeders, plant flows
• Customer/Auxiliaries (Res Life, Athletics..)
• Building Meters
• Building Submeters: lighting, equip, HVAC panels
• EMCS Devices: VFDs, CTs, BTUs
• Internet of Things: copiers, refrigerators, lighting sensors
August 31, 2014 7 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
CAMPUS ELECTRICAL METERING HEIRARCHY
LOAD BALANCEPEAK CURTAILMENTTIME OF USEINTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGEDEMAND RESPONSE SUPPORT
Building #3 electric service entry
utility meter
chiller electric
plant electricmain
chilled water pump electric
tower fanelectric
tower pumpelectric
boiler fans and aux electric
campusfeeder "A"
campusfeeder "B"
Building #1 chilled Tons
Building #2 chilled Tons
Building #1 heat
Building #2heat
Building #4 electric service entry
Building #1lighting
Building #1panel #2 plug load
Building #1AHU #2 fan load
Building #1lighting by room
Building #1Internet of Things: copiers, refrigerators, desktops
Building #1 electric service entry
Building #2 electric service entry
Building #1HVAC electric
Building #1plug load
Building #1AHU #1 fan load
Building #1panel #1 plug load
August 31, 2014 8 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
CAMPUS METERED POINT POTENTIAL
order of magnitude of data points<10 100 100 100 100 1000
ElectricUtility Revenue Meter
Gas Utility Revenue Meter
PlantProduction Meters
Campus Distribution Meters
individual Building Meters
Building Submeters
Individual Device Meters
Lots of individual data points X high frequency polling = BIG data set
August 31, 2014 9 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
POSSIBLE ELEMENTS OF AN ENERGY METERING SYSTEM • Raw Signal Transducers: polled frequently • Polled data converted to units of energy,
cumulated • Data communicated to central processor • Data history stored with time stamp • Real time data displayed to show current and
recent state: alarms, flags, trends and visualization graphics
• Automated data processing in billing cycle • Platform for analytics
August 31, 2014 10 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
WHAT IS ENERGY METERING?
Lots of inter related networked components
August 31, 2014 11 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
WHY ENERGY METERING
"If you can not measure it, you can not improve it.“ Lord Kelvin Sir William Thomson
"The true measure of a man is what he would do if he knew he would never be caught."
August 31, 2014 12 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
WHY ENERGY METERING
THREE REASONS
1. Accounting
2. Operations
3. Planning
August 31, 2014 13 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
WHY ENERGY METERING
Allocate energy component of overall utility cost
Set billing rates for customers and auxiliaries
Document to take advantage of Indirect Cost recovery opportunities
Basis of a transparent, auditable, and equitable system.
Drive behavior change within student, staff, community
1. Accounting
August 31, 2014 14 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
ACCOUNTING ALLOCATION OF ENERGY WITHIN UTILITY COST Utility cost is built from variable energy or raw utility costs, maintenance and operations, planned renewal, and fixed debt service from major capital improvements
electric 25%
gas 20%
water/sewer 2%
M&O 30%
renewal 10%
debt 13%
u)lity cost breakdown
August 31, 2014 15 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
ACCOUNTING ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING BILLING RATES • Auxiliaries and Customers
- Monitor real time energy use behavior
● On peak usage
● Return water temperature
• Indirect Cost Recovery Opportunities
August 31, 2014 16 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
WHY ENERGY METERING
Early Warning, Real Time Performance Monitoring
Developing, Testing and Validating System Improvements
Participate in Real-Time, Internally and Externally Driven Energy Response. Smart Grid
2. Operations
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OPERATIONS DEVELOPING, TESTING AND VALIDATING
August 31, 2014 18 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
OPERATIONS EXAMPLE REAL TIME DEMAND RESPONSE • Electric Service Provider: Tucson Electric Power • Rate Schedule: Large Light and Power Time of Use Program (LLP-90) • Format: On/Off Peak Consumption, kWh (Energy) + Demand, kW (Power)
On Peak
Consumption Off Peak
Consumption Demand Jan 14% 36% 49% Feb 13% 37% 50% Mar 13% 40% 47% Apr 13% 36% 50% May 17% 32% 52% Jun 15% 34% 51% Jul 17% 34% 49%
Aug 16% 33% 51% Sep 16% 33% 51% Oct 16% 38% 46% Nov 14% 37% 49% Dec 14% 36% 50%
15% 35% 50%
August 31, 2014 19 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
OPERATIONS EXAMPLE REAL TIME DEMAND RESPONSE
Ratchet Cost:
“75% of the maximum on-peak period billing demand used for billing purposes in the preceding 11 months”
OPERATIONS EXAMPLE REAL TIME DEMAND RESPONSE
20
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May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
On-
Pea
k kW
De
ma
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On-Peak Demand Profile
February 20, 2014 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
Main Campus
AHSC Campus
Delta
Peak
75% Ratchet Peak
Load Shift
5000
7500
10000
17500
20000
22500
Simultaneity
Main
AHSC
21 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC. February 20, 2014
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000
10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 23,000
1 9 17
25
33
41
49
57
65
73
81
89
97
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5 11
3 12
1 12
9 13
7 14
5 15
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7 18
5 19
3 20
1 20
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7 22
5 23
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9 25
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y d
ay
Only a few hours where demand is above 20,000 kW
• Operate plants in close parallel
• Ride out short duration peaks
• Activate standby gensets through mid duration peaks
• Enhance TES Operation
18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000
Peak Daily Demand Duration
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Short Duration
Mid Duration
OPERATIONS EXAMPLE REAL TIME DEMAND RESPONSE
August 31, 2014 22 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
OPERATIONS: SMART GRID
RELIABILITY BI-‐DIRECTIONALITY EFFICIENCY LOAD BALANCE PEAK CURTAILMENT TIME OF USE INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE DEMAND RESPONSE SUPPORT
August 31, 2014 23 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
OPERATIONS: PLANT OPTIMIZATION CPECS Achieves Op)mal and Predic)ve Central Plant Energy Performance (kW/ton) While Maintaining Cooling Needs and Respec)ng Equipment Limita)ons CPECS uXlizes ConXnual Feedback Loops and Advanced control algorithms to provide real Xme and predicXve data processing that analyzes the historical data, load profiles of the building, climate data and the manufacture's equipment performance models to provide automaXc modulaXon of control levels to all VFD's. CPECS logic provides the maximum level of system performance while respecXng chiller, tower, building flow and temperature limits.
August 31, 2014 24 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
CAMPUS ENERGY FLOW 3. Planning
- Establish Baseline at all levels • Compare campus to similar situations : internal/ external (CBECS,
Sightlines) • Ground Plane for Internal pay-from-savings or External Energy
Performance Contracting projects • Basis of Building Energy Improvement process • Essential to long term Rcx Persistence
- Evaluate Alternative Energy Investments • Test financial consequences of renewables, CHP, TES, Smart Grid • Evaluate alternative utility tariffs and procurement strategies
- Quantify available capacity and performance - Establish long term utility strategies based on granular, time dependent understanding
August 31, 2014 25 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
PLANNING
August 31, 2014 26 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
PLANNING: BASIS OF IMPROVEMENT
IMPROVEMENT CYCLE
August 31, 2014 27 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
PLANNING SEGMENTING ENERGY USE
August 31, 2014 28 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
PLANNING: EVALUATE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY STRATEGIES
cap ex op exescalation distribution VRF premium VRF renewal
1,500,000$ chilled water 1,500,000$ 1,500,000$
extend piping prin
cipal and
interest
natural gas expense
purchased electric expen
se
water/sew
er expense
M&O expense
existing plant d
ebt
total cap ex + op
ex
VRF rene
wal
VRF prem
ium
purchased electric expen
se
service contract expen
se
total expense
general 1.00% 0 3% 1.50% 2.50% 2.50% 1.00% 3.000% 1.50%natural gas 1.50% 1 ($125,650) (27,855)$ (8,579)$ (2,947)$ (62,093)$ (22,646)$ ($249,769) $0 ($125,650) (51,178)$ (60,000)$ ($236,828)elec power 2.50% 2 ($125,650) (28,272)$ (8,793)$ (3,020)$ (62,714)$ (22,646)$ ($251,096) 1 $0 ($125,650) (52,713)$ (60,900)$ ($239,263)rooftop AC performance derate 0.50% 3 ($125,650) (28,697)$ (9,013)$ (3,096)$ (63,341)$ (22,646)$ ($252,442) 101% $0 ($125,650) (54,294)$ (61,814)$ ($241,758)service frequency premium 0.50% 4 ($125,650) (29,127)$ (9,238)$ (3,173)$ (63,975)$ (22,646)$ ($253,809) 102% $0 ($125,650) (55,923)$ (62,741)$ ($244,314)
5 ($125,650) (29,564)$ (9,469)$ (3,252)$ (64,614)$ (22,646)$ ($255,196) 103% $0 ($125,650) (57,601)$ (63,682)$ ($246,933)6 ($125,650) (30,007)$ (9,706)$ (3,334)$ (65,261)$ (22,646)$ ($256,603) 104% $0 ($125,650) (59,329)$ (64,637)$ ($249,616)7 ($125,650) (30,457)$ (9,949)$ (3,417)$ (65,913)$ (22,646)$ ($258,032) 105% $0 ($125,650) (61,109)$ (65,607)$ ($252,365)8 ($125,650) (30,914)$ (10,197)$ (3,502)$ (66,572)$ (22,646)$ ($259,482) 106% $0 ($125,650) (62,942)$ (66,591)$ ($255,183)9 ($125,650) (31,378)$ (10,452)$ (3,590)$ (67,238)$ (22,646)$ ($260,954) 107% $0 ($125,650) (64,830)$ (67,590)$ ($258,070)
Discount rate 3% 10 ($125,650) (31,849)$ (10,714)$ (3,680)$ (67,910)$ (22,646)$ ($262,448) 108% $0 ($125,650) (66,775)$ (68,603)$ ($261,029)bond interest 3% 11 ($125,650) (32,326)$ (10,982)$ (3,772)$ (68,590)$ (22,646)$ ($263,965) 109% $0 ($125,650) (68,779)$ (69,632)$ ($264,061)
12 ($125,650) (32,811)$ (11,256)$ (3,866)$ (69,275)$ (22,646)$ ($265,504) 110% $0 ($125,650) (70,842)$ (70,677)$ ($267,169)plant loan term 30 13 ($125,650) (33,303)$ (11,537)$ (3,963)$ (69,968)$ (22,646)$ ($267,067) 111% $0 ($125,650) (72,967)$ (71,737)$ ($270,354)building loan term 15 14 ($125,650) (33,803)$ (11,826)$ (4,062)$ (70,668)$ (22,646)$ ($268,654) 112% $0 ($125,650) (75,156)$ (72,813)$ ($273,619)
15 ($125,650) (34,310)$ (12,122)$ (4,163)$ (71,375)$ (22,646)$ ($270,265) 113% $0 ($125,650) (77,411)$ (73,905)$ ($276,966)16 (34,825)$ (12,425)$ (4,267)$ (72,088)$ (22,646)$ ($146,251) 114% ($143,241) (79,733)$ (68,400)$ ($291,374)17 (35,347)$ (12,735)$ (4,374)$ (72,809)$ (22,646)$ ($147,911) 115% ($143,241) (82,125)$ (69,426)$ ($294,792)18 (35,877)$ (13,054)$ (4,483)$ (73,537)$ (22,646)$ ($149,597) 116% ($143,241) (84,589)$ (70,467)$ ($298,297)19 (36,415)$ (13,380)$ (4,596)$ (74,273)$ (22,646)$ ($151,309) 117% ($143,241) (87,127)$ (71,524)$ ($301,892)20 (36,962)$ (13,714)$ (4,710)$ (75,015)$ (22,646)$ ($153,048) 118% ($143,241) (89,740)$ (72,597)$ ($305,579)21 (37,516)$ (14,057)$ (4,828)$ (75,765)$ (22,646)$ ($154,813) 119% ($143,241) (92,433)$ (73,686)$ ($309,360)22 (38,079)$ (14,409)$ (4,949)$ (76,523)$ (22,646)$ ($156,605) 120% ($143,241) (95,206)$ (74,792)$ ($313,238)23 (38,650)$ (14,769)$ (5,073)$ (77,288)$ (22,646)$ ($158,426) 121% ($143,241) (98,062)$ (75,913)$ ($317,216)24 (39,230)$ (15,138)$ (5,199)$ (78,061)$ (22,646)$ ($160,274) 122% ($143,241) (101,004)$ (77,052)$ ($321,297)25 (39,818)$ (15,517)$ (5,329)$ (78,842)$ (22,646)$ ($162,152) 123% ($143,241) (104,034)$ (78,208)$ ($325,483)26 (40,416)$ (15,905)$ (5,463)$ (79,630)$ (22,646)$ ($164,059) 124% ($143,241) (107,155)$ (79,381)$ ($329,777)27 (41,022)$ (16,302)$ (5,599)$ (80,427)$ (22,646)$ ($165,995) 125% ($143,241) (110,369)$ (80,572)$ ($334,182)28 (41,637)$ (16,710)$ (5,739)$ (81,231)$ (22,646)$ ($167,963) 126% ($143,241) (113,681)$ (81,780)$ ($338,702)29 (42,262)$ (17,127)$ (5,883)$ (82,043)$ (22,646)$ ($169,961) 127% ($143,241) (117,091)$ (83,007)$ ($343,339)30 (42,896)$ (17,556)$ (6,030)$ (82,864)$ (22,646)$ ($171,990) 128% ($143,241) (120,604)$ (84,252)$ ($348,097)
($1,884,748) cummulative ($6,275,639) ($2,148,613) ($1,884,748) ($2,434,803) ($2,141,986) ($8,610,150)NPV ($4,298,757) ($5,456,423)
(1,045,626)$ (376,630)$ (129,359)$ (2,159,905)$ (679,371)$ delta c ($2,334,511) 21.22%delta NPV ($1,157,666)
($6,000,000)
($5,000,000)
($4,000,000)
($3,000,000)
($2,000,000)
($1,000,000)
$0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
cummula)
ve ann
ual expe
nse
cummula)ve cashflows
extend plant cummulaXve discounted
bldg standalone cummulaXve discounted
August 31, 2014 29 GLHN ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS, INC.
SUMMARY: INVESTMENT IN METERING PLAN CONCEIVE END-‐IN-‐MIND ROADMAP EXISTING COMPONENTS, SYSTEMS, NETWORKS, INFRASTRUCTURE IMPLEMENT EVALUATE ALTERNATIVES NEW METERING COMPONENT HARDWARE: OFTEN REVENUE GRADE DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE INTEGRATION, IMPLEMENTATION, VALIDATION MAINTAIN HARDWARE CALIBRATION SOFTWARE ACTIVE INTERACTION AND OVERSIGHT LONG TERM MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT