Milestones in Architecture:

Milestones in Architecture:

Modern, High-Tech and Postmodern East Asian, South Asian and Spanish Islamic Gothic and Gothic Revival Classical and Classical Revival.

POST MODERNPostmodern architects felt that buildings in the Modern style had been stripped of their symbolic character.In a desire to create striking and individual buildings, they ignored many traditional rules of architecture, such as the principles of proportion and scale. They used modern construction techniques but also stylistic elements from many different periods and styles. Some came from historical or local architecture, others from popular culture.Clash of scales Thin facades Classical references Storm Water Pumping Station

At&t Building

HIGHTECHHigh-Tech is the name given to a particular strand of modern architecture that developed from the 1970s onwards. As the name suggests, it is a highly engineered and technological style. Its character is expressed through industrial and factory-made materials and components.In the hands of skilled architects, High-Tech buildings are individual and dramatic. The style lends itself to public buildings, corporate offices and transport facilities worldwide.Exposed structure Glass Tension structures Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank

hong kong and shanghai bank

MODERNThe Modern Movement spread internationally from central Europe after the First World War. Modernists rejected historical styles in favour of clean lines and simple forms. Architects thought of buildings as machines and designed them to be efficient.They gave them flat roofs and used industrially produced materials like sheet glass, steel and reinforced concrete. Colours, decoration and shapes were reduced to a minimum. Inside, rooms were well lit but often clinically bare.

EAST-ASIANEast Asian Architecture in East Asia is based on simple, timber-frame construction. This framework supports pitched roofs, using crossbeams placed one on top of the other in diminishing order of size. The size and choice of site show the status of important buildings like temples and palaces.Buildings extend laterally in a series of courtyards. Ornament is often concentrated on the roof, using carved woodwork, paint, lacquer and brilliantly glazed tiles.

Yomei-mon Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu Mausoleum Nikko,Japan

SOUTH-ASIANSouth Asian With its climatic and cultural diversity, South Asia has developed great regional variety in its building traditions. During the long history of its civilization, particular structures have evolved to suit the needs of its religions, including Buddhism and Hinduism.The region has also successfully synthesized foreign architectural traditions with its own, as seen in the Mughal style. This fused Islamic building types and elements imported from Iran and Central Asia with Indian features.

Temple of Adinatha Ranakpur, Rajasthan, India

SPANISH-ISLAMICThe Islamic world has many architectural traditions. In the Muslim cities of Spain and Morocco, masonry walls and arcades support pitched roofs. Rooms range around internal courtyards, with arcades to provide shade. Mosques have arcaded halls and courtyards and are distinguished by minaret towers.Status is shown by a building's size and rich ornamentation. Interiors are often entirely covered with decoration, especially carved and painted stucco and glazed tiles.

Court of the Lions, Alhambra Palace Granada, Spain

GOTHIC-REVIVALThe Gothic Revival began in England in the 1730s, in a mood of nostalgia for the past. By the 1840s it had become a style with moral values linked to an upsurge in Christian belief. It was also thought suitable for modern structures like railway stations and hotels, even though they were often built of iron and brick. At the same time, glass painters revived the medieval techniques of stained glass.

Palace of Westminster London

GOTHICThe Gothic style began in the great medieval cathedrals of France in the 1140s and lasted until about 1500. Gothic churches were triumphs of engineering in stone. Their style was based on the pointed arch and rib vault. These elements spread the physical load of the high walls, which were often shored up on the outside with elaborate buttresses. Their interiors were lit by large areas of stained glass.

Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury, England

CLASSICALThe classical style emerged in Greece about 2600 years ago. It used columns and capitals to support beams called entablatures. These were combined in a design system called the orders, with each element carefully proportioned using mathematics.The Greeks used three distinct types of order: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The Romans added two more: Tuscan and Composite. The Romans also exploited the use of the arch, vault and dome.

The Parthenon Athens

CLASSICAL-REVIVALA vigorous revival of ancient classical forms began in Italy in the 1420s. They became the basis of most western architecture over the next 400 years. At first, the borrowed forms were Roman, but from the 1760s Greek models were used to create the revitalized style.This revived classical style was thought to have strength and dignity. It was specially favored for buildings of authority.

The Tempietto Rome