arc-ions workshop, u of t – 7-8/01/2009 - 1 arc-ions - first results from a north american...
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ARC-IONS Workshop, U of T – 7-8/01/2009 - ARC-IONS Workshop, U of T – 7-8/01/2009 - 11Environm entCanada
Environnem entCanada
ARC-IONS - First results from a North ARC-IONS - First results from a North American Strategic NetworkAmerican Strategic Network
David W. TarasickExperimental Studies, Experimental Studies, Air Quality Research DivisionAir Quality Research Division
A.M. Thompson (PSU), S.J. Oltmans (NOAA), G. Forbes (EC-MSC), J. Merrill (UNH)
NASA Aura Validation (M.J. Kurylo; K.W. Jucks); ARCTAS (J. Crawford)
J. Davies, R. Mittermeier, W. Hocking, J. Witte G. Liu, C. Sioris, H. He, M.K. Osman, T. Carey-Smith L.B.J. McArthur, C. Banic & K. Puckett (EC); The Green Horse Society, and most especially all
the many observers who obtained the ozonesonde measurements at the ARC-IONS sites.
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Rationale
Ozone soundings are the major source of information on ozone amounts in the free troposphere, capable of precise (3-5%) measurements of ozone with ~100m vertical resolution. While regular network soundings (typically weekly) produce valuable data, such soundings are often too sparse, both in space and time, to answer some scientific questions.
Strategic networks are designed to answer specific scientific questions, typically with dense networks of daily launches that have sufficient resolution in space and time to resolve atmospheric dynamic variability. Launches can be coordinated, often with collocated aircraft or satellite measurements.
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ARC-IONS Sites
Largest ozonesonde intensive ever in Canada
13 sites in Canada5 in US1 in Greenland
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TES / ARCIONS comparison. Summary of stare results for Bratt’s Lake, April 18th, 2008. Cloud is optically thin. Sonde results show 5 - 10% bias at Barrow and 15% bias at Bratt’s Lake. 15% bias is consistent with lidar results.
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Walsingham windprofiler radar
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Double tropopause
An example of a double tropopause observed at Churchill on April 18th, 2008. This event is due to a large poleward intrusion of subtropical tropospheric air and was forecast by the START08 project at NCAR (L. Pan, personal communication).
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Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Network
Study (ARC-IONS) 2008Cooperation with NASA project Arctic Research of the
Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS), in April and July 2008 over northern Canada.
Objectives: • studies of boundary layer ozone depletions resulting
from halogens released from sea salt deposited on Arctic sea ice;
• evaluation of the role of stratosphere/troposphere exchange (STE) in the spring buildup of tropospheric ozone;
• the contribution to the tropospheric ozone budget from boreal forest fires and the extent of fire emission influence on a trans-continental scale and beyond;
• validation of Aura (TES, OMI) at high latitudes; of GEM-MACH, for ozone & STE, and forest fire models.
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Arctic Surface Ozone Depletions
Arctic sites showed modest ozone depletion in the surface boundary layer throughout the spring campaign
Day
Alti
tude
(km
)
Resolute: Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppb) 23z
02/04 05/04 08/04 11/04 14/04 17/04 20/040
1
2
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0
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This was occasionally severe.
260 280 300 320 340 360
0
1000
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7000
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9000
10000
Potential Temperature/Temperature+60
0 20 40 60 80 1000
1000
2000
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7000
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9000
10000
O3 (ppb)/RH (%)
Alti
tude
(m
)
Ozone (sonde)RHPotential TemperatureTemperature
Resolute 20080417 23z
Arctic Surface Ozone Depletions
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Year
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Fre
quen
cy o
f occ
urre
nce
(%)
0
10
20
30
40
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80
ResoluteChurchillAlertEurekaMarambioNeumayerNy-Aalesund
Tarasick and Bottenheim, ACP, 2, 197–205, 2002.
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Sea ice? Temperature trends?
Year
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Fre
quen
cy o
f occ
urr
ence
(%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
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ResoluteChurchillAlertEureka
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Backtrajectories for the sonde launches of April 17th, 2008. These appear to correlate with the large amounts of BrO observed by the OMI instrument on April 16th, 2008. However, in other examples this relationship is less clear.
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Do O3 depletions correlate with satellite
BrO?
Date or launch number2 4 6 8 12 14 16 18 220 10 20
Su
rfac
e o
zon
e (p
pb
)
0
10
20
30
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60
Barrow
Co
lum
n B
rO (
1013
mo
lec/
cm2 )
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
at launch24 hours48 hours72 hours96 hours
Best Correlation: -0.76 (all stat. significant)
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Do O3 depletions correlate with satellite
BrO?
Date or launch number2 4 6 8 12 14 16 180 10
Su
rfac
e o
zon
e (p
pb
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Churchill
Co
lum
n B
rO (
1013
mo
lec/
cm2 )
3
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7
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9
10
11
at launch24 hours48 hours72 hours96 hours
Best correlation: -0.74 (all except ---- stat. significant)
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Do O3 depletions correlate with satellite
BrO?
Date or launch number2 4 6 8 12 14 16 180 10
Su
rfac
e o
zon
e (p
pb
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Eureka
Co
lum
n B
rO (
1013
mo
lec/
cm2 )
4
5
6
7
at launch24 hours48 hours72 hours96 hours
Best correlation: -0.36
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Do O3 depletions correlate with satellite
BrO?
Date or launch number2 4 6 8 12 14 16 180 10
Su
rfac
e o
zon
e (p
pb
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Resolute
Co
lum
n B
rO (
1013
mo
lec/
cm2 )
4
5
6
7
8
9
at launch24 hours48 hours72 hours96 hours
Best correlation: -0.46
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Ozone from the stratosphere?
Day
Alti
tude
(km
)
Eureka: Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppb) 23z
01/04 04/04 07/04 10/04 13/04 16/040
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0
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Day
Alti
tude
(km
)
Temperature (C)
01/04 04/04 07/04 10/04 13/04 16/040
2
4
6
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12
14
16
18
20
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
M.K. Osman, UWO
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FLEXPART modeling seems to show good correspondence with apparent intrusions
T. Carey-Smith, NIWA
Intrusions associated with jumps in tropopause height
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TES Measurements: Eureka
H. He, UWO/ARQX
Day
Alti
tude
(km
)
Eureka: Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppb) 23z
01/04 04/04 07/04 10/04 13/04 16/040
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Radar tropopause height vs Brewer ozone
H. He, UWO/ARQX
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T. Carey-Smith
NIWA
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Ozonesonde Climatology
G. Liu, ARQX
Hysplit forward and back- trajectories applied to ozone soundings fill in the NA map
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Ozonesonde Climatology
G. Liu, ARQX
+- 3 hrs, Mar-May, 2006
+- 3 hrs, Aug 2006
Correlations between OMI and trajectory-mapped
ozone soundings at different altitudes
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Ozonesonde Climatology
G. Liu, ARQX
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Ozonesonde Climatology
G. Liu, ARQX
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ARCTAS Data Workshop, January 27-30, Virginia Beach
Spring AGU Meeting 24-27 May, 2009 (Toronto) Session A10: Processes over Midlatitude North America and the Arctic (2008) Observed from Satellite and Field Campaigns Abstract deadline: 4 March 2009, 2359 UT.
MST12 (Radar) Workshop: 17 - 23 May, 2009 London, Ontario: http://www.mst12.com/ Session: Tropopause processes and Stratospheric/Tropospheric Exchange
Abstract deadline: Friday January 23, 2009.
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Thank you!
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Highlights of three IONS campaigns:IONS-04: 2004, mostly eastern North America; 275 profiles, largest
single set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever compiled (as of 2004) for this region. Coordinated AQ model comparison, aircraft & surface measurements.
IONS-06: 2006, three phases with 23 sites; 740 profiles. Coordinated AQ model comparison, aircraft & surface measurements. Validation of TES, OMI, MLS, ACE measurements; coordination with Aura & ACE overpasses.
ARC-IONS (2008): Canada, Alaska and the lower U.S.. Two phases with 18 sites, mostly daily profiles. Coordination with NASA aircraft flights. Validation of TES, OMI, MLS, ACE measurements; coordination with Aura & ACE overpasses. Coordination with special TES “Step-and-stare” observations.
Also new tropospheric ozone lidars in operation at Egbert (Toronto) and Eureka; aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from the Canadian AERONet and Brewer networks, and an aerosol lidar deployed near Yellowknife. Radar measurements of tropopause height to detect stratospheric intrusions, and to measure wave activity and turbulence strengths associated with intrusion events. Modeling studies using GEM-MACH, GEM-FLEXPART and other systems, in order both to validate the models and to interpret the data.
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H. He, UWO/ARQX
02/04 04/04 06/04 08/04 10/04 12/04 14/04 16/04 18/04 20/04
280
300
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360
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420
440
460
Time (Local Solar Time)
To
tal O
zon
e (
DU
)TORONTO, Br#14, 2008
FMZSDSUV
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M.K. Osman, UWO
Day
Alti
tude
(km
)
Relative Humidity (%)
01/04 04/04 07/04 10/04 13/04 16/040
1
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Day
Alti
tude
(km
)
Eureka: Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppb) 23z
01/04 04/04 07/04 10/04 13/04 16/040
1
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Ozonesonde Climatology
G. Liu, ARQX
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IONS Publications (>24 to date):
Unique data sets provided by coordinated intensive ozone profile measurements
tropospheric ozone processes & contribution to ozone budget; model comparisons (Cooper et al., 2006; 2007; Thompson et al., 2007a,b; Tarasick et al., 2007; Pfister et al., 2008; Tang et al., 2008)
• pollution plumes from boreal forest fires (Morris et al., 2006), New York City (Mao et al., 2006).
• stratospheric intrusions & the tropopause behaviour preceeding them (Hocking et al., 2007).
• validation of satellite measurements (Parrington et al., 2007; Stajner et al., 2007; Schoeberl et al., 2007; Nassar et al., 2007; Jiang et al., 2007; Dupuy et al., 2007; Livingston et al., 2007; Nardi et al., 2007) and of models (Chai et al., 2007; Pierce et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2007).
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Sea ice? Temperature trends?
Year
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Fre
quen
cy o
f occ
urre
nce
(%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80ResoluteChurchillAlertEureka
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Ozonesonde Climatology
G. Liu, ARQX
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07/01 07/06 07/11 07/16 07/21 07/26 07/31 08/05 08/10 08/150
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Date
O3 (
ppb)
SondeAURAMS-RTAURAMS-BIOAURAMS-NEWCHRONOS-OPCHRONOS-SDA
Pellston 18z surface
Yarmouth 20040730 17z
0 20 40 60 80 1000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
O3 (ppb)
Alti
tude
(m
)
Sonde
AURAMS-RT
AURAMS-BIO
AURAMS-NEW
CHRONOS-OP
CHRONOS-SDA
EC Regional AQ models AURAMS & CHRONOS compared with IONS-04 sonde data
• forecast errors 25-75%• low bias in upper troposphere• GEM-MACH: global, full
stratosphere
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Comparison of GEOS-Chem with Ozonesonde Data
Assimilation improves the O3 distribution in the UTLS region
O3 plume is redistributed throughout column in assimilation
Sonde
Assimilation
GEOS-Chem
Ozone (ppb) Ozone (ppb)
Ozone (ppb) Ozone (ppb)
Eureka (85°W, 80°N) 20 July 2005
Churchill (95°W, 58°N) 20 July 2005
Wallops (76°W, 38°N) 26 July 2005
Wallops (76°W, 38°N) 19 July 2005
Pre
ssu
re (
hP
a)
Pre
ssu
re (
hP
a)
Pre
ssu
re (
hP
a)
Pre
ssu
re (
hP
a)
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Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange
Stratospheric intrusion at 40ºN more pronounced in both models following assimilation
AM2-Chem ozone (120°W 21:00 GMT, July 26) AM2-Chem ozone analysis
GEOS-Chem ozone (120°W 21:00 GMT, July 26) GEOS-Chem ozone analysis
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Tropospheric Ozone DIAL - First Results
ARC-IONS Campaign
Generated a DIAL ozone profile for full day and 2 hours centred at ozonesonde launch timeGenerally not much difference between full and coincident profilesDIAL shows similar features to ozonesonde profile, does not show an increase in ozone concentration with altitude
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03/10 04/29 06/18
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ra
da
r T
rop
op
au
se H
eig
ht (
km)
Local Solar Time
02/08 02/28 03/20 04/09 04/29 05/19 06/08 06/28 07/18
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
To
tal O
zon
e (
DU
)
H. He, UWO/ARQX