arabic pronouns,verb,articulo babel
TRANSCRIPT
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Arabic Pronouns
Learning the Arabic Pronouns is very important because its structure is used in every day
conversation. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the Arabic language.
But first we need to know what the role of Pronouns is in the structure of the grammar in
Arabic.
Arabic pronouns include personal pronouns (refer to the persons speaking, the persons spoken
to, or the persons or things spoken about), indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns (connect
parts of sentences) and reciprocal or reflexive pronouns (in which the object of a verb is being
acted on by verb's subject).
The pronouns in Arabic are the most elaborated, since they have a masculine and feminine
variant for the second person singular and plural, Also they have a dual variant denoting two
persons. Here are some examples:
English Pronouns Arabic Pronouns
Pronouns - althamaa'er
I - aanaa
you - aant
he - how
she - heee
we - nahn
they - hom
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English Pronouns Arabic Pronouns
me - aanaa
you - aant
him - lah
her - lahaa
us - lanaa
them - menhom
my - leee
your - lakom
his - lah
her - lahaa
our - lanaa
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English Pronouns Arabic Pronouns
their - men
mine - manjam
yours - lak
his - lah
hers - khaasatahaa
ours - lanaa
theirs - lahom
As you can see from the example above, the structure of the Pronouns in Arabic has a logical
pattern. Locate the Pronouns above and see how it works with the rest of the sentence in
Arabic. In Arabic the possessive is written attached and behind the noun possessed. It is used
both for the possessive and accusative only the first person differs yi for a noun and ni for a
verb (accusative) Huwa yaddrabuni bi kitabi, he hits me with my book.
List of Pronouns in Arabic
Below is a list of the Personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns, reciprocal or
reflexive pronouns in Arabic placed in a table. Memorizing this table will help you add very
useful and important words to your Arabic vocabulary.
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English Pronouns Arabic Pronouns
I speak - aanaa aatakalam
you speak - ant tatakalam
he speaks - how eeatakalam
she speaks - hea tatakalam
we speak - nahn natakalam
they speak - hom eeatakalamown
give me - aa'teneee
give you - ao'teeeak
give him - a'teeeah
give her - a'teeeahaa
give us - a'taeenaa
give them - a'teeehom
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English Pronouns Arabic Pronouns
my book - ketaabeee
your book - ketaabek
his book - ketaabah
her book - ketaabehaa
our book - ketaabonaa
their book - ketaabahom
Arabic Articles
Learning the Arabic Articles is very important because its structure is used in every day
conversation. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the Arabic language.
But first we need to know what the role of Articles is in the structure of the grammar in Arabic.
Arabic articles are words that combine with a noun to indicate the type of reference being
made by the noun. Generally articles specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun.
Examples are "the, a, and an". Here are some examples:
English Articles Arabic Articles
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English Articles Arabic Articles
articles - maqaalaat
the - al
a no equivalent in arabic - no equivalent in arabic
one - waahed
some - ba'th
few - qaleeel
the book - alketaab
the books - alkotob
a book - ketaab
one book - ketaab waahed
some books - ba'th alkotob
few books - alqaleel men alkotob
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In Arabic the definite article is al. As for the indefinite article, there is none. An indefinite
noun in Arabic is indicated by a declension, or rather nunation of the noun. Each definite
noun in Arabic has the definite article attached to it and ends on u, a or I, depending if it is a
subject, object ore possessive. When the noun is indefinite, the nouns end on respectively un,
an or in, hence the name nunation, th n in Arabic is pronounced nun . For example
Ar-rajalu yaqrau al-djaridata, The man reads the newspaper, Muhammed
jaakulu gubzan - Muhamad eats a bread.
A very important rule in Arabic is Al-mudhaf wa-al-mudhaf ilaihu. This is
used to denote the passive like in the book of the man is translated as kitaab
ar-radjuli. According to the Arabic grammarians, book is made definite by the man so it doesnt
need a definite article! Also the man is declined with I the sign of the possessive. If one wants
to say the book of this man, then this must be put at the end of the construction, since nothing
may break it. Book (of) the man this.
As you can see from the example above, the structure of the Articles in Arabic has a logical
pattern. Locate the Articles above and see how it works with the rest of the sentence in Arabic.
List of Articles in Arabic
Below is a list of vocabulary where you can use the Definite and Indefinite Articles in Arabic.
Try to practice but also memorizing this table will help you add very useful and important
words to your Arabic vocabulary.
English Vocabulary Arabic Vocabulary
Food - ghethaa'
almonds - lowz
bread - khobz
breakfast - eeftaar
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English Vocabulary Arabic Vocabulary
butter - zobdah
candy - halwaa
cheese - jabon
chicken - dajaaj
cumin - komown
dessert - halwaa
dinner - 'eshaa'
fish - samak
fruit - faakehah
ice cream - alaaees kreeem
lamb - kharowf
lemon - laeemown
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English Vocabulary Arabic Vocabulary
lunch - ghadaa'
meal - wajbah
meat - lahm
oven - forn
pepper - folfol
plants - nabaataat
pork - lahm khenzeeer
salad - salatah
salt - melh
sandwich - shateeerah
sausage - sojoq
soup - hasaa'
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English Vocabulary Arabic Vocabulary
sugar - sokar
supper - 'eshaa'
turkey - deeeak rowmea
apple - tofaahah
banana - mawz
oranges - bortoqaal
peaches - khawkh
peanut - alfowol alsowdaaneee
pears - komathraa
pineapple - aananas
grapes - 'enab
strawberries - faraawelah
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English Vocabulary Arabic Vocabulary
vegetables - khothrawaat
carrot - jozor
corn - tharah
cucumber - kheeeaar
garlic - thowm
lettuce - khas
olives - zaeetown
onions - basal
peppers - alfolfol
potatoes - albataates
pumpkin - aleeaqteeen
beans - faasowleeeaa
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English Vocabulary Arabic Vocabulary
tomatoes - tamaatem
Like English, Arabic has one definite article "the", but it has no indefinite article a. Instead
the Arabs use a declension to indicate that a noun is indefinite. For example the book is
translated as Al-Kitabu , having al- in front (note the indefinite article is written
attached to the noun it describes, so iswa meaning and) and ending on the vowel u indicatesthat the noun is indefinite.
A book however is written as Kitabun where a n is added at the end of the vowel to
indicate the noun is indefinite, Arab grammarians cal this nunnation.
Sun Moon letters
The lof the definite article al assimilates with the letter following it. If the pronouncation of
the letter following the l is pronounced in the same region of the l, i.e. in front, the l changes
to the consonant following the l, making this consonant effectively spoken twice, when the
consonant following the l is pronounced in the back then the pronunciation of the l is
maintained. The Arabs call this sun and moon letters HHarf(u)-asj-sjamsiand . The l in case of sun letters is written but in pronnounsiation replace by the sound
following it.
Arabic Verbs
Learning the Arabic Verbs is very important because its structure is used in every day
conversation. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the Arabic language.
But first we need to know what the role of Verbs is in the structure of the grammar in Arabic.
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Arabic verbs are words that convey action (bring, read, walk, run), or a state of being (exist,
stand). In most languages a verb may agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of
its arguments, such as its subject, or object.
Arabic to has only 2 times, the perfect and the imperfect, but there is a difference, in the west
we look at the points in time in where a action takes place, the Arabs however look at the
aspect of a verb meaning they ask is the action finished or not (They dont ask themselves when
did it finish or not). Of course a finished action corresponds with the past as does a unfinished
action with the present, but not necessarily so. Here are some examples:
English Verbs Arabic Verbs
Verbs - alaaf'aal
Past - almaatheee
I spoke - tahadatht
I wrote - kotebat
I drove - qodat
I loved - kont aoheb
I gave - aa'taeet
I smiled - abtasamat
I took - aakhathat
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
he spoke - tohadeth
he wrote - koteb
he drove - qaad
he loved - aheb
he gave - qadem
he smiled - abtasem
he took - akhath
we spoke - takalamnaa
we wrote - katabnaa
we drove - qodnaa
we loved - aahbabnaa
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
we gave - ao'teeeanaa
we smiled - abtasamnaa
we took - akhathnaa
Future - mostaqbel
I will speak - sawf aatakalam
I will write - sawf aaktob
I will drive - sawf aaqowd
I will love - sawf aoheb
I will give - sawf ao'teee
I will smile - sawf aabatasem
I will take - sawf aakheth
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
he will speak - sawf eeatahdoth
he will write - sawf eeaktob
he will drive - sawf eeaqowd
he will love - sawf eeoheb
he will give - sawf eeo'teee
he will smile - sawf eeabtasem
he will take - sawf eeaakhoth
we will speak - sawf natakalam
we will write - sawf naktob
we will drive - sawf noqowd
we will love - sawf noheb
we will give - sawf no'taa
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
we will smile - sawf nabatasem
we will take - sawf naakhoth
Present - alhaaleee
I speak - aanaa aatakalam
I write - aanaa aaktob
I drive - aanaa aaqowd
I love - anaa aahab
I give - aana a'taa
I smile - anaa aabtesem
I take - anaa aakheth
he speaks - eeatakalam
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
he writes - eeoktab
he drives - eeaqowd
he loves - eeoheb
he gives - eeo'teee
he smiles - eeabtasem
he takes - eeaakhoth
we speak - nahn natakalam
we write - thahn naktob
we drive - nahn noqowd
we love - nahn noheb
we give - nahn no'teee
we smile - nahn nabtasem
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
we take - nahn naakhoth
Arabic verb conjugation is a bit complex, although very regular the so called semivowels alif,
waw and ya and the glottal stop hamza cause irregularity in Arabic verb conjugation. The
simplest Arabic verb excist out of three consonants like KaTaBa meaning he wrote or he
has written. The past tense is conjugated by suffixes, the present tense by prefixes. The Arabs
use the verb fa3ala (to do) to represent all possible forms a verb may have. The problem lies in
the fact that any of those root consonants might be an hamza, the glottal stop or an alif, a waw
or a ya, the so called semi-consonants. They might be retained or disappear according to
certain rules.
Arabic verbs have ten (even more) forms. To give you an example,third rule allama means to
know, The second form allama with the second consonant doubled means to let know
meaning to teach, the fifth form ta3allama means to let your self know meaning to study!
The tenth form istaf3ala means in general to think to act out an action described by the verb,
so istahhasana to think to be beatifull from hhasana to be beautiful. I once made a joke during
my Arabic studies. In Holland we call a street car (an electric street car) a tram. This exactly
fits the Arabic verb paradigm. Back in those days I sometimes sat in the tram without a ticket
which we Dutch call zwart rijden (driving black). So I said if tram would be an Arabic verb
TRM the zwart rijde would be translated as IstTarama thinking to ride on a tram (with a
ticket).
As you can see from the example above, the structure of the Verbs in Arabic has a logical
pattern. Locate the Verbs above and see how it works with the rest of the sentence in Arabic.
List of Verbs in Arabic
Below is a list of the conjugated Verbs in the present past and future in Arabic placed in a table.
Memorizing this table will help you add very useful and important words to your Arabic
vocabulary.
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
I can accept that /iomkin an aqbalah
she added it /waadaafat anah
we admit it /nahn na'tarif bithalik
they advised him /waashaarowa 'alaih
I can agree with that /waiomkinonii an atafiq ma'ah
she allows it /anahaa tasmah lahaa
we announce it /no'lin thalik
I can apologize /waiomkinonii an a'tathir
she appears today /iabdow anahaa aliawm
they arranged that /lakinahaa warotibat
I can arrive tomorrow /waiomkinonii an iasil ghada
she can ask him /tastatii' an asalah
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
she attaches that /anahaa to'aliq 'alaih
we attack them /nahn nhaajamihom
they avoid her /iatajanabown lahaa
I can bake it /waiomkinonii an khabaz
she is like him /fahii mithlih
we beat it /faaz nahn 'alaih
they became happy /asbahowa sa'iid
I can begin that /iomkinonii tashghiilah
we borrowed money /nahn aqtaradat almaal
they breathe air /tatanafas alhawaau
I can bring it /laa astatii' ja'alah
I can build that /waiomkinonii an nabnii 'alaih
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
she buys food /anahaa tashtarii almawaad alghithaaiiiah
we calculate it /nahsob anah
they carry it /anahaa tahmiloh
they don't cheat /anahom laa khidaa'
she chooses him /akhtaarat lah
we close it /nahn iighlaaqah
he comes here /iaatii honaa
I can compare that /iomkinonii moqaaranatohaa
she competes with me /anahaa tatanaafas ma' lii
we complain about it /nahn nashkow minhaa
they continued reading /anahaa waasalat alqiraauah
he cried about that /sarakh 'an thalik
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
I can decide now /waiomkinonii an toqarir alaan
she described it to me /wawosifat lii
we disagree about it /nakhtalif hawl hathaa almawdow'
they disappeared quickly /akhtifaaiihaa bisor'ah
I discovered that /aktoshifat anahaa
she dislikes that /anahaa laa tohib an
we do it /nahn naf'al thalik
they dream about it /iahlomown 'an thalik
I earned /hasal lii thalik
he eats a lot /anah iaakol alkathiir
we enjoyed that /astamta'naa thalik
they entered here /dakhalowa honaa
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
he escaped that /harab how
I can explain that /laa astatii' sharh thalik
she feels that too /tash'or anahaa aida
we fled from there /harabnaa min honaak
they will fly tomorrow /sawf iatiir ghada
I can follow you /waiomkinonii an totbi' lakom
she forgot me /nasiit minii
we forgive him /nahn iaghfir lah
I can give her that /iomkin an ao'tiiahaa lahaa
she goes there /tathhab honaak
we greeted them /astaqbal wanahn minhom
I hate that /akrahoh
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
I can hear it /waiomkinonii an tasma'ah
she imagine that /iotasawar anahaa kaanat
we invited them /da'awnaa lahom
I know him /anaa a'rifoh
she learned it /ta'alamt anah
we leave now /natrok alaan
they lied about him /kathab 'anh
I can listen to that /laa astatii' aliastimaa' iilaihaa
she lost that /anahaa khasirat
we made it yesterday /alatii qata'naahaa 'alaa anfosinaa ams
they met him /ajtama'owa lah
I misspell that /anaa kitaabatihaa anahaa
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
I always pray /aosalii daaiimaa
she prefers that /anahaa tofadil thalik
we protected them /mahmiiah nahn minhom
they will punish her /sawf mo'aaqabatahaa
I can put it there /laa astatii' wada'ah honaak
she will read it /anahaa sawf iaqraaohaa
we received that /talqiinaa thalik
they refuse to talk /rafadowa altahadoth
I remember that /atathakarohaa
she repeats that /anahaa tokarir thalik
we see it /naraah
they sell it /tabii'ohaa
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
I sent that yesterday /aorsilt bialams
he shaved his beard /anah hilaq lihiatih
it shrunk quickly /anahaa taqalasat bisor'ah
we will sing it /sanaqowm ghinaaiihaa
they sat there /jalasowa honaak
I can speak it /laa astatii' altahadoth bihaa
she spends money /iinahaa tonfiq almaal
we suffered from that /'aanainaa minh
they suggest that /fahii towhii anahaa
I surprised him /fowojiit bih
she took that /waqaalat iinahaa
we teach it /nahn na'lam anah
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
they told us /qaalowa lanaa
she thanked him /shakart lah
I can think about it /laa astatii' altafkiir fii alamr
she threw it /alqaa qaalat iinahaa
we understand that /nafham
they want that /kaanowa ioriidown thalik
I can wear it /laa astatii' artidaau alhijaab
she writes that /waqaalat anahaa taktob 'alaih
we talk about it /natahadath 'an thalik
they have it /ladaihim 'alaih
I watched it /shaahadt thalik
I will talk about it /waanaa arqos ma'ak
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English Verbs Arabic Verbs
he bought that yesterday /ashtaraa ams anahaa
we finished it /antahainaa thalik