ar211 sept 2007 course file - kau · 2012-01-31 · max, adobe photoshop, corel draw and corel...
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King Abdul Aziz University (KAU)
Course Portfolio
Faculty of Environmental Design
Department of Architecture
COURSE NAME: Architectural Presentation
COURSE NUMBER: AR 211
SEMESTER: First
DATE: 1427-1428
Instructor’s Information
Instructor’s name: Dr. Husam Eldin M. B. Khalil
Office location: Room # 426, Faculty of Environmental Design.
Office hours: ١-3 Saturday through Tuesday
Contact number(s): 6400000 - ext 66547
E-mail address: [email protected]
Instructor’s Profile
Associate Professor of Architecture at Helwan University, he joined KAAU
during the academic year 1424-1425.
His teaching experience goes back to 1984. He instructed several undergraduate
courses including computer applications in architecture, environment &
behavior, architectural design, graduation project, building construction,
working drawings, sciagraphy & perspective, descriptive geometry, and visual
design. He instructed several AutoCAD training workshops. He also taught
several graduate courses including behavioral aspects in architecture, computer
applications in architecture, and scientific research methods in architecture.
He participated in the supervision of several master thesis and Ph. D
dissertations. His research interests include behavioral aspects in architecture
and built environment, aesthetics, architectural education, building evaluation,
as well as computer applications in architecture.
He is experienced user of a wide variety of software including AutoCAD, 3D
Max, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw and Corel Photo Paint, Axman (spatial
analytical software using space syntax theory), SPSS (statistical package),
ArcView GIS, Microsoft Office, Adobe Director, and various general and
internet applications.
He is a practicing architect. His expertises involve all stages of building process.
He designed several villas, apartment buildings, commercial buildings,
swimming pools, residential community, and Hospitals.
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Course Information
Course Number and Name: (AR 211) Architectural Presentation Course meeting times, places: Computer Lab Room # 106
Sunday & Monday 3-7 pm Course Web site: Under construction
Prerequisites: None
Description of the Course
Architectural presentation is an introductory course to the field. It is the first in a
series of courses that deal with computer applications in Architecture. The course
involves a theoretical background on the newest capabilities that computer offer to
architects. It also involves hands on training on using CAD applications to produce
2D architectural drawings.
The use of computer in architecture has witnessed a rapid development during the
past two decades. Computers open new realms for architects that would change the
way they design buildings. It is argued that computers help in the production of
better buildings, not only due to the speed and accuracy of the output, but also due
to the new capabilities they offer for simulating the effect of different key aspects
such as shadows, solar performance, illumination, structural analysis, pedestrians,
… etc. In terms of building form, computers facilitate the design and production of
more liberal building forms, which would have been impossible to produce without
computers.
Currently, the majority of architectural firms use CAD software for drafting,
visualisation and presentation both in two and three dimensions, and it is therefore
an important skill for students to acquire. The Department is committed for
keeping its students updated with the latest available computer skills related to
architectural presentation and design. The current course covers the production of
2D architectural Drawings using AutoCAD 2007 software. Acquisition of such a
skill is mandatory for all students of architecture all over the world. It is hoped that
the course would enable the students to gain expected experience, and become
competent users in producing 2D architectural drawings using AutoCAD.
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An introductory lecture introduces the students to the most recent applications of
computers in architecture. Students then attend weekly training sessions where
they learn how to use AutoCAD to produce accurate 2D architectural Drawings.
The course uses a task-based approach. The majority of the course is designed as to
offer strategies first and commands second on a need-to-know basis. The instructor
uses a computer and LCD projector in teaching of different concepts, techniques,
and exercises. Most exercises are architectural ones. They are prepared in such a
way as to begin from the simplest to the most complicated. Each exercise focuses
on a skill or two. Together, they cover the skills necessary for the student to be able
to draw most 2D architectural drawings accurately and efficiently.
Students are required to listen to instructor’s oral explanation of the exercises,
while observing the sequence of commands as performed by the instructor on the
projection screen. Students then draw the exercise under Instructor’s supervision.
Students are encouraged to take written notes during the session. Students will be
given some exercises to draft while in the lab, to demonstrate their abilities.
Due to the limited capacity of the computer lab, the enrolment for this class is
limited to 20 students per section.
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Course Objectives
1. To inform the students about the state of the art in computer technologies that
can be utilized at different stages of architectural presentation, design, and
construction.
2. To enable the student to professionally and accurately produce 2D
architectural drawings, complete with annotations, dimensions, hatching, etc.
3. To enable the student to export and import drawings in different formats, to be
exchanged with other applications.
4. To enable the students to plot drawings in different scales.
On completion of this course, students would have a comprehensive and hands-on
knowledge of the following:
1. Drawing of different 2D architectural drawings (plans, layouts, elevations,
sections).
2. Editing drawings.
3. Arranging drawing elements into layers.
4. Adding hatches to drawings.
5. Building a library of drawing elements using blocks.
6. Adding dimensions to drawings.
7. Preparing prototype drawing sheets.
8. Arranging different drawings into pre-drawn sheets.
9. Plotting drawings to different scales.
Students are expected to demonstrate their learning progress through their
ability to draft the given exercises, homework assignments, and projects
accurately and in time.
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Learning Resources
A: Computer Applications in Architecture References: (theoretical part of the
course).
1. Khalil, Husam (2003) Computer applications in Architecture. Course
handout prepared by the instructor (in Arabic). (obligatory)
2. Norman, Frederick (2001): Towards a paperless studio. ARCC Spring
research conference. Virginia Tech.
3. Computer Graphics Creative Laboratory (1994): Computer graphics
architectural rendering: A super realistic collection. Graphic-Sha Publishing
Co., Japan. (college library).
4. Weishar, Peter (1998): Digital Space: Designing virtual Environments.
McGraw Hill. (college library).
5. Steel, James (2002): Architecture and Computers: Action and reaction in the
digital design revolution. Watson Guptill Publications, New York. (Available
at college library).
B: Useful Web Sites:
1. www.architectureweek.com
2. www.archrecord.construction.com/features/digital/default.asp
C: AutoCAD References: (training part of the course).
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)Recommended reference(
2. Autodesk: AutoCAD 2007 user’s guide. (Accessible from within AutoCAD).
3. Autodesk: AutoCAD 2007 command reference. (Accessible from within
AutoCAD).
4. Omura, George (2006): Mastering Autocad 2007 and AutoCad 2007 LT
2007. Sybex.
5. Jefferis, Alan; Jones, Mike; and Jefferis Tereasa (2006): AutoCAD 2007 for
Architecture. Autodesk Press.
6. Tickoo Sham (2006): AutoCad 2007: A problem solving approach. Autodesk
Press.
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D: Useful CAD Web Sites:
1. www.autodesk.com
2. www.cadsymbols.com
3. www.cadalyst.com
4. www.3dcadbrowser.net
5. www.cadopolis.com
AutoCAD 2007 is the software to be used during the course for the production of
different 2D architectural drawings. The training sessions will take place at the
computer lab (room # 208).
During the training sessions, computer usage is restricted to AutoCAD software
and to files and directories specified by the course instructor. Students may bring
and use their own laptop if they wish.
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Letter to the Students
Dear Students
Welcome to the Architectural Presentation course (AR 211).
This course is designed to allow you to produce professional 2D architectural
drawings. An introductory lecture introduces you to the latest capabilities that
computers offer to architects. The rest of the course is training sessions on
using AutoCad to produce 2D architectural drawings. It is important that you
do your best to attend all sessions, as missing one session means missing an
important skill. Try all exercises in the lab, while the instructor is present so
you can get proper guidance.
Hope you find this course useful
Best wishes
Course Instructor
Dr. Husam M. B. Khalil
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Course Requirements & Grading
Student assessment:
Grading depends on a number of items:
• Attendance 20%
• Performance during the course (exercises & homework) 30%
• Final Project 25%
• Final Exam 25%
Expectations from students:
Students are expected to:
• Have previous knowledge of computer usage.
• Actively participate in course activities.
• Follow all given instructions either written or oral.
• Try all exercises either explained during a training session or given as
homework.
• Seek help from the instructor in case they encounter difficulties while
performing the task at hand.
• Turn in homework assignments in time.
Student responsibilities toward the course
• Course Attendance is mandatory. University regulations with respect to absence
will be strictly enforced. Repetitive absence with no acceptable excuse may
lead to student exemption from the course.
• All students are required to submit both a hard copy and a CD including all the
work done during training sessions, all homework assignments, as well as the
final project. Late submission of assignments may lead to grade reduction, or
even assignment refusal.
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• Both the CD and the hard copy should be clearly labeled with course name &
number, year, student name, academic number, phone number. All CD’s should
be tested to make sure it is functioning, and free from viruses.
• Students are responsible for the safety of their class work. Students should thus
take every precaution to keep their files safe. Student should have a backup
copy of his work to be submitted upon instructor’s request. No excuses on the
pretext of file loss or damage is accepted.
• Unless otherwise stated, Students are not allowed to use each other’s files and
exercises. Any files found by the instructor to be copied from other students
may lead to refusal of the whole coursework package of both students. Proper
punishment would be decided by the instructor in such instances. Students are
responsible for protecting their files from illegal use by others.
Expectations for each assignment and project
Students should do their best to complete all given assignments and projects in
time. Failure to do so would negatively affect their grades. Students are also
required to keep a copy of their work files (other than that on the lab’s computer
hard disk), in case the files in the computer got erased or damaged. Such files
are necessary for both corrections and grading purposes.
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Important rules of academic conduct
• Due to the accumulative nature of the course, understanding of many concepts
and commands depend on the comprehension of previous ones. Students are
thus required to arrive to class in time. Late arrival with no acceptable excuse
would be considered absence, and attendance may be denied. Even if attendance
is granted, late students are responsible for catching up of any missed parts of
the session on their own, and are responsible for all related assignments, since
missed parts of a session would not be repeated for late students.
• Students are trusted unless they behave otherwise. Any instances of dishonesty
or cheating such as duplicating other students work will be taken seriously. Any
submitted work that is found to be a duplicate of the work of others would lead
to punishment of all students involved. Proper punishment is to be decided by
the instructor.
• No food or drinks are allowed in the lab.
• Students are expected to follow all agreed upon academic rules of conduct, to
show respect to their instructor, classmates, and to the place. Any student who
fails to do so would be asked to leave. Proper punishment would be decided
either by the instructor or by the department board.
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Course Schedule
Practical Sessions Schedule Model
Week
Exp/Practical title Reading
Assignment
What is
Due?
1 Lecture
Introduction
Computer Applications In Architecture
Handout Buying
resources
2 T. S. 1
Introduction
Using AutoCAD in 2D Architecture
drafting
Exercise # 1
3 T. S. 2 Drafting With Precision Exercise # 1, 3
4 T. S. 3 Drafting Curved Architectural Objects Exercise # 2
5 T. S. 4 Organizing A Floor Plan With Layers Exercise # 6
6 T. S. 5 Utilizing Arrays In Drafting Complex
Architectural Patterns Exercise # 4, 5
7 T. S. 6
Adding Text To Drawings
Hatching Architectural Objects
Exercise # 7
8 T. S. 7 Making Blocks Of Repetitive Architectural
Objects With Attributes
Exercise # 7
9 T. S. 8 Importing And Tracing Over Images Final project
10 T. S. 9 Adding Dimensions To Drawings Final project
11 T. S. 10
Paper Space & Model Space
Sheet Arrangement
Final project
12 T. S. 11 Prototype Drawing, Plotting Final project
13 Exam Final Exam Final project
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Detailed Course Schedule
Lecture No. 1 Week 1
Subject: Introduction Computer Applications in Architecture
Elements of Lecture
The following issues are discussed with the students: Course description, objectives, outline,
regulations, students’ responsibilities, teaching methodology, grading systems, learning resources,
and rules of conduct.
Introduction to Computer Applications in Architecture
• Data Collection
• Conceptual Design • Computer Aided Design (CAD)
• Digital modeling
• Physical modeling
• Virtual Reality
• Simulation
• Remote collaboration.
Computer Applications in building Construction:
• Communication and information exchange
• 3D real-time positioning
• Rapid Prototyping
• Inverse engineering
• Construction Robotics
• Automated Building Construction
Exercises: None
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2nd
Part Training Session No. 1 Week 2
Subject:
Introduction To Using AutoCAD in 2D Architecture drafting
Elements of Session
• Using AutoCAD in Architectural Drafting
• Sample of 2D work done with AutoCAD
• Program Interface
• Drawing of simple objects (without scale)
• Simple editing
• Pan and zoom
• Changing object properties (color – line type – line weight)
Exercises: 1
Drawing of simple shapes without scale.
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2nd
Part Training Session No. 2 Week 3
Subject:
Drafting with precision
Elements of Session
• Coordinate systems (Cartesian and polar systems)
• Drawing of simple objects to scale using different coordinate systems
• Using Precision tools (osnap) to draft accurately
• Adjusting drawing units and limits
• Object selection methods
• Point filters & tracking
Exercises: 1, 3
• Drawing a horizontal rectangle of a given dimensions using absolute coordinates, relative
coordinates Cartesian and polar coordinate systems.
• Drawing an inclined rectangle using the polar method.
• Drawing a security room with bath, doors, and windows
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2nd
part Training Session No. 3 Week 4
Subject:
Drafting Curved Architectural Objects
Elements of Session:
• Drafting circles, ellipses, curves, splines, donuts
• Drafting tangents (circles with circles, circles with lines, lines with curves)
• Trimming and extending entities
• Lines and polylines
• Combining different drawing objects
• Calculating area and parameter of complex shapes
Exercises: 2
• Drawing a kidney shaped swimming pool
• Drawing 8 shaped figure
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2nd
part Training Session No. 4 Week 5
Subject:
Organizing A Floor Plan With Layers
Elements of Session
Using Layers
• The concept of layers
• Why to use layers
• How to use layers
• Creating different layers
• Naming layers
• Adjusting layer properties
• Assigning objects to layers
• Turning layers on and off
• Freezing and thawing layers
• Locking and unlocking layers
Exercises: 6 • Drawing a floor plan with multiple layers
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2nd
part Training Session No. 5 Week 6
Subject:
Utilizing Arrays In Drafting Complex Architectural Patterns
Elements of Session:
Array:
• Array types and uses
• Rectangular array: parameters & settings
• Polar array: parameters & settings
• Using rectangular array to create architectural patterns
• Using Polar array to create architectural patterns
• Using rectangular & polar array to create complex architectural patterns
Exercises: 4 & 5 • Drawing Islamic architectural patterns
• Rounded dining table and chairs
• Spiral stairs
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2nd
part Training Session No. 6 Week 7
Subject: Adding Text To Drawings
Hatching Architectural Objects
Elements of Session: Text:
• Adding text to drawings
• Single line text
• Paragraph text
• Controlling text parameters
• Modifying text
• Importing text
Hatch:
• Hatching concepts
• Choosing hatch pattern
• Adjusting pattern scale and angle
• Selecting objects and boundaries to hatch
• Islands
• Hatching with solid colors
• Hatching with gradient colors
• Freezing and thawing layers
• Locking and unlocking layers
Exercises: 7
• Final Project Selection
• Adding text to previously drawn floor plan
• Adding hatch to floor plan: Hatching spaces with patterns, colors, gradients, and images.
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2nd
part Training Session No. 7 Week 8
Subject: Making Blocks Of Repetitive Architectural Objects With Attributes
Tracing Over Raster Images
Elements of Session Blocks:
• Working with blocks in architectural drawings
• Block definition
• Saving blocks
• Block insertion
Attributes:
• Attribute definition
• Assigning attribute to blocks
• External references
Exercises: 7
• Final project (Plans)
• Adding doors and windows with attributes to floor plan,
• Inserting furniture
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2nd
part Training Session No. 8 Week 9
Subject:
Importing And Tracing Over Images
Elements of Session
Dealing With Raster Images:
• Inserting raster images
• Scaling rater images
• Tracing over raster images
Exercises: Final Project
• Final project (Elevations & Sections)
• Tracing over a raster image of a floor plan
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2nd
part Training Session No. 8 Week 10
Subject:
Adding Dimensions To Drawings
Elements of Session
• Dimensioning concepts
• Dimension types
• Dimension components
• Adjusting dimension properties
• Drawing linear dimensions
• Drawing Aligned dimensions
• Drawing Radial dimensions
• Drawing angular dimensions
• Drawing continued dimensions
• Dimension editing
• Adding dimensions to plans
Exercises: Final Project
• Final project (adding dimensions to floor plans)
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2nd
part Training Session No. 9 Week 11
Subject:
Design Center, Paper And Model Space, Sheet Arrangements
Elements of Session
• Design center
• Model space and paper space
• Moving between model space and paper space
• Adding and using view ports
• Adding title blocks and sheet boundary
• Using paper space to arrange different views of a drawing
Exercises: Final Project
• Preparing a drawing sheets with title block and frame
• Arranging views of a drawing with different scales and layers
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2nd
part Training Session No. 11 Week 12
Subject:
Preparation Of Drawing Sheet And Plotting
Elements of Session:
Preparation Of Prototype Drawing Sheets:
• Definition of prototype drawing
• Creating a prototype drawing sheet
Plotting a Drawing:
• Choosing of Drawings to plot • Choosing & configuring plotters • Adjusting different plotting parameters • Previewing the plot
• Plot
Exercises: Final Project
• Design your own drawing sheet
• Arrange different drawings into drawing sheet
• Plotting your drawing at different scales.
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2nd
part Final Exam Week 13
Subject:
Final Exam, Portfolio Submission
Elements of Session:
Students will take final exam, they will be asked to draft the
given drawing in the specified time. The exam will be
graded on spot, and students will be notified of their
mistakes.
Students are required to submit their course portfolio
including final project and all exercises and assignments to
instructor for grading.
Exercises:
Final Portfolio Submission
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Instructor’s Reflections on the Course
Students in general showed interest in the course. The instructor noticed progress
and skill development of the majority of students from a session to the next. Their
progress can be judged by observing students’ ability to draft the given
assignments in time. This may be due to student’s feeling of achievement when
succeeded in drafting the given assignment, as well as the architectural nature of
the exercises.
However, some students were found slower than their classmates in acquiring the
needed skills and some students encounter difficulties in applying the sequence of
commands in an exercise. This may be attributed to:
1. Personal capability differences: This is dealt with by repeating exercise
explanation either in person to person, when only a small number of students
are involved, or for the whole class if instructor feels that larger number of
students have difficulties.
2. Absence: Students are warned that missing training sessions will make it
difficult to follow subsequent sessions. They are also asked to do all missing
assignments.
3. The relatively large number of commands associated with AutoCAD:
Sometimes this was found to confuse the students. However, practice and
note taking help overcome such difficulty. Exercises usually involve new
issues as well as old ones, it also involve repetitive tasks which help in
gradual skill building.
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The following future improvements are suggested:
• Since computer applications in architecture develop rapidly, the subject will be
updated with latest technologies whenever a new technology related to computer
applications in architecture arises.
• CD multimedia tutorials are useful in software training. Several such tutorials
are available for AutoCAD, yet, none is specialized in architectural drawings.
The instructor thus plans to develop a multimedia CD using multimedia
authoring technique to orally and visually explain and demonstrate course
contents. Having such CDs, students would be able to run tutorials as many
times as they wish. A sample tutorial file is included with the accompanied CD.
• Since the Faculty of Environmental Design is planning to become an E-College,
all course exercises will become available on-line with the establishment of the
Faculty’s E-learning site. All tutorials, course materials and assignments will be
uploaded to a designated course’s web site. Students would be able to download
or view tutorials and assignments, yet upload exercises and projects over the
internet. Students anywhere in the world can then take the course over the
internet.