CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute

Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA

www.ngri.org.in

Objective

Conceptual model

VES (R&IP), Tomography (R&IP), Magnetic, Ground TEM, and Logging

Heli-borne TEM

Aquifer Geometry

Data Integration & Inversion

CSIR-NGRI & AU-DKGeneral Work Plan

of AQUIM -India

1D, 2D& 3D Lithological distribution

Drilling and other

Hydrogeological input from

(CGWB)

Ground Truthing

Aquifer Characterist

ics

Establishing the best

methodology for aquifer mapping at country level

Aquifer Modeling(CGWB)

AEM Principle

AQTNDAQKAR

AQMAH

AQBHRAQRAJAQDRT

Quartzite

Sandclay

Target: Fresh aquifer composed of thin layer (bottom alluvial i.e.sand and gravel + underlying top weathered / fractured hard rock

FaultLimestone Anticline Fold Syncline FoldAlluvium

Agawali

Alluvialclayey sand Silty clay

Quartzite Bed Rock

Target: weathered-fractured quartzite

Location of Ground Geophysics

AQMAH Nagpur

27

27

βK2Pgl dsa 27βK2Pgl dsa 26βK2Pgl dsa 25

Lr. Gondwn-sandstoneArchean Gneiss

βK2Pgl dsa 24βK2Pgl dsa 23K2Pgl dsa cls t24

AQKAR, Karnataka

Geo-electrical cross-section-1 across schist

Cross

-secti

on-1

Geo-electrical cross section-3 in SchistCross

-secti

on-3

Highly weathered

Basement

Highly weathered

ERTs in Gneiss

NS

Adinayakanahalli

Manjunathpura

E W

VES and ERT locationsVESNo of sites: 24Electrode separation: 1400-2000 mOrientation: NSMax depth inferred: 350 m

ERTNo of sites: 10Max electrode separation: 800 mOrientation: NE-SWMax depth inferred:120 m

c

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80

Ele

vatio

n, m

0255075100125150175200225

TEM7

Ohm -m1

10

100

200

0

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

-120

Elev

atio

n, m

0255075100125150175200225

TEM8

Ohm -m1

10

100

200

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

Ele

vatio

n, m

0255075100125150175200225

TEM 11

Ohm -m1

10

100

200

0

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

-120

-140

-160

Elev

atio

n, m

0255075100125150175200225

TEM 14

Ohm -m1

10

100

200

0

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

-120

-140

-160

Ele

vati

on, m

0255075100125150175200225

TEM 14

Ohm -m1

10

100

200

0

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

-120

Elev

atio

n, m

0255075100125150175200225

TEM 16

Ohm-m1

10

100

200

0

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

-120

-140

-160

Elev

atio

n, m

0255075100125150175200225

TEM 17

Ohm -m1

10

100

200

0

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

-120

-140

-160

-180

Elev

atio

n, m

0255075100125150175200225

TEM10

Ohm -m1

10

100

200

20

10

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

0 0

-10

-20

-30

Elev

atio

n, m

0255075100125150175200225

TEM5

Ohm -m1

10

100200

0

-10

-20

-30

Elevation, m

025

50

75

10

01

25

15

01

75

20

02

25

TE

M5

Oh

m-m110

10

02

00

Confined aquifer

Depth range (m bgl) Thickness (m) Resistivity (Ohm-m)

I 50 – 130 40- 130 40 – 350

II 110 – 240 45 – 120 10 – 200

III 200 – 360 --- 1.5 - 25

Mapping of confined aquifer system based on VES survey

(Based on 24 VES interpretation)

79.5 79.55 79.6 79.65 79.7 79.7511.5

11.55

11.6

11.65

11.7

11.75

Chatram

Naduvirapattu

Panikuppam

Kadambuliyur

Nadukuppam

NLC township

Vadalur Kurunjipadi

Kullanchavadi

Karaikadu

Cuddalore

23

2120

19

1817

16

15

14

13

1211

10

9

8

76

5

4

3

2

1

DEPTH TO I CONFINED AQUIFER(RMSL)

CONTOURS IN METERS 20253035404550556065707580859095100105110115120125

Depth to I confined aquifer (m bmsl)

79.5 79.55 79.6 79.65 79.7 79.7511.5

11.55

11.6

11.65

11.7

11.75

Chatram

Naduvirapattu

Panikuppam

Kadambuliyur

Nadukuppam

NLC township

Vadalur Kurunjipadi

Kullanchavadi

Karaikadu

Cuddalore

23

2120

19

1817

16

15

14

13

1211

10

9

8

76

5

4

3

2

1

DEPTH TO II CONFINED AQUIFER(RMSL)

CONTOURS IN METERS75

85

95

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

195

205

215

Depth to II confined aquifer (m bmsl)

79.5 79.55 79.6 79.65 79.7 79.7511.5

11.55

11.6

11.65

11.7

11.75

Chatram

Naduvirapattu

Panikuppam

Kadambuliyur

Nadukuppam

NLC township

Vadalur Kurunjipadi

Kullanchavadi

Karaikadu

Cuddalore

23

2120

19

1817

16

15

14

13

1211

10

9

8

76

5

4

3

2

1

DEPTH TO III CONFINED AQUIFER(RMSL)

CONTOURS IN METERS130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

Depth to III confined aquifer (m bmsl)

Panel diagram for Confined aquifers

Aquifer permeability inference from geophysical results

PERMEABILITY (K m/day) of Aquifer depth range (70-130) (K range (5-90) m/day)

79.55 79.6 79.65 79.7 79.7511.5

11.55

11.6

11.65

11.7

Chatram

Naduvirapattu

Panikuppam

Kadambuliyur

Nadukuppam

NLC township

Vadalur Kurunjipadi

Kullanchavadi

Karaikadu

Cuddalore

23

2120

19

1817

16

15

14

13

1211

10

9

8

76

5

4

3

2

1

SkyTEM results proved to be dense and precise enough in high resolution mapping of highly heterogeneous formation.

SkyTEM response need to be correlated with the borehole to refine the interpretation and map weathered-fractured quartzite qualified as fresh water layer etc and translated in terms of hydrological parameters.

Some of the features like different flows within Deccan trap which was not possible to detect by VES – was easily identified by SKYTEM

In addition to aquifer Geometry, SkyTEM results indirectly indicates about the boundary conditions

Drilling of boreholes for aquifer mapping is time-consuming & cost-prohibitive Moreover it gives point-information, particularly in fissured control

aquifer geometry in the hard rock Geophysical measurements -- information on

a larger subsurface volume lateral continuity of aquifers, structural controls and 3d

disposition Geophysical information -- converted into

virtual wells Aquifer characteristics in space and time

Economics economical and relatively less time-consuming Measurement density- AEM : ~500 measurements/

sq km Measurement Time : ~300 measurement

per hour Requirements

calibration and standardization -few boreholes only

Thank You

Geophysics converts imagination into realization