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April 8, 2010Meeter Center Lecture Hall

Calvin CollegeGrand Rapids, Michigan

Center for Social Research

Staff

IntroductionJim Penning, Director of CSR

Presenters Neil Carlson, Assistant DirectorChristina der Nederlanden, Research AssociateNathan Mosurinjohn, GIS TechnicianJeff Schiman, Statistical Analyst

Closing remarksEdwin Hernandez, Ph.D., RDV Corporation

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Overview Presentation purpose About KCCS Congregational population

(2009 census data) Spatial and social distance

measures(2007 survey data)

Local generosity analysis (2007 survey data)

Future research and community impact(Edwin Hernandez)

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Presentation Purpose Present new information from

the Kent County Congregations Study 2009 congregational census 2007 social network data 2007 generosity analysis

Demonstrate data visualization tools ArcGIS mapping NodeXL network analysis Tableau charting

Prompt discussion of your research ideas and interests

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Data visualization rising

Low cost, relatively easy-to-use visualization tools arriving

Transition in progress from: Before: Visuals too difficult

and time consuming to create except as final presentation aids

After: Visuals an integral round-trip part of data analysis

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Data visualization keys Data integration:

a few linked sources, many uses Rapid, interactive what-if analysis Data processing matters:

interdependence with command line and spreadsheet-style tools

Edward Tufte, dataviz guru: Recovery.gov makeover in NYT Japanese math and science

superiority Don’t condescend—show dense info Small multiples have big impact

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ArcGIS Market leader in Geographic

Information Systems Calvin has a site license ArcGIS Server (gis.calvin.edu)

can support interactive map analysis over the web for students with little training

Dr. Jason Van Horn’s GIS course just approved by Faculty Senate for addition to the core for “visual rhetoric”

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NodeXL Open-source, free template

add-in for Microsoft Excel 2007, developed by Microsoft staff and a coalition of academics.

Works with any network data: people and their relationships =>vertices and edges

Students can use familiar spreadsheet tool to visualize network data

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Tableau Award-winning interactive charting

tool developed at Stanford Drag-and-drop interface, “shelf”

metaphor (Super)rows, (super)columns,

shape, color, text, size, filter, page Roots in business intelligence Public version free for general use,

available to students; Server-side: Publish interactive

visualizations to the Web

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About KCCS Sponsored by the

Doug & Maria DeVos Foundation Goals

Serve the community, especially children in public schools

Create original research Project history

2006: partial census and list collation

2007: countywide survey 2008: Gatherings of Hope report 2009: countywide census

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www.calvin.edu/go/kccs

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Sample KCCS facts Just 33% of surveyed

congregations reported working with a public school (but 50% of Reformed congregations!)

583 congregations reported over 2,000 programs and over 9,000 services and activities for members and the general public.

“Replacement value” of these services exceeds $89 million a year.

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2009 Census

Team effort by staff and students

Census managed byChristina der Nederlanden,recent Calvin grad in psychology

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Census MethodsMission?

Update the KCCS congregation information (2007) & identify new congregations since last canvas of Kent County.

What is a congregation?

Definition: a group that meets regularly on an on-going basis, comes together primarily for worship, meets and worships at a designated place and has an official name and formal structure that conveys its purpose.

Out in the fieldTwo-student team

Census tract map

Census update forms

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Canvassing Process

Process began in June of 2009 and ended mid-November 2009.

Able to cover all of Kent County, including areas not completed in 2006.

124 tracts covered, 24 new congregations discovered, 35 moved, 3 closed, 760 congregations confirmed.

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Neighborhood ContextStreet condition/cleanliness, land use, greenery:

Tableau

Final char

t

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Spatial relationships

Who is my neighbor in physical space?

Census data includes latitude and longitude of all cases

Nathan Mosurinjohn,recent Calvin graduate in GIS

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Geographic Information Systems

Coordinate Data Collection

Analyze data

Visualize data

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Coordinate Data Collection

Create waypoints for neighborhood context

Used MPS Atlas tool to create booklet of maps for canvassing

Data Collection

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Data analysis

Neighborhood context rating Cronbach’s alpha scale of

several observational items (alpha = 0.67)

“Kriging” interpolated surface with statistical error estimates

Krigedsurface

of neighborho

odcontext

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Data analysis

Neighborhood context rating

Congregation changes Newly opened or discovered Closed Moved

Over-time change

GR detail, over-time change

GR area, tradition and size

Miles to nearest neighbor by tradition

Miles to nearest neighbor of a different primary ethnicity

Miles to nearest neighbor by ethnicity

Miles to nearest neighbor of a different primary ethnicity

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Social interactions

Survey respondents were asked to name up to 3 relationships with other congregations or organizations

We coded these to link to any congregation within Kent County

4,658 interactions, 1,589 with other congregations

Baseline measures to evaluate coalition-building efforts

Interaction counts

Interethnic interactions

Inter-traditioninteractions

All Interactions

Joint Service Projects

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Congregational Social Networks

NodeXL Interaction Types: General

Interaction, Joint Service Project, Personal Associations, Shared Building, Shared Leader, Association

Betweenness Centrality Closeness Centrality Eigenvector Centrality Clustering Coefficient

Diagram of Joint Service Projects

Who are our neighbors?

Who are our neighbors?

Joint service projects with neighbors2 miles away or less

Network statistics by interaction type

Closeness centrality by ethnicity(axis reversed; smaller values = fewer steps to neighbors)

Closeness Centrality by Size and Tradition

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Local charitable giving

Do we show charity to our neighbors in proportion to our capacity to do so?

KCCS data includes local vs. nonlocal domestic vs. international cash giving

Becky Haney (economics) and Jeff Schiman, recent economics grad, are working on analysis

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Congregational GivingCongregational giving totals

All ($75,651K)

Reformed ($31,189K)

Mainline or other Protestant ($7,250K)

Other traditions ($803K)

Black ($868K)

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

22,223

3,653

9,596

1,554

1,499

5,585

337

20,883

341

970

32,303

6,430

16,435

657

3,626

5,070

86

31,790

256

158

10,305

1,406

2,531

889

1,230

4,177

73

10,171

95

10,820

2,259

2,628

295

896

4,436

308

10,598

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Denominational International U.S. outside Kent CountyKent County

Proportion of total reported giving (amounts in $000s)

Figure 20, Page 24

Questions

Are local and non-local giving complements or substitutes?

How do local giving and total giving vary as a proportion of congregation budget?

Are total giving and local giving inferior goods, normal goods, or luxury goods?

Of Interest

Few have studied congregation level giving. We try to determine the relationship between models of individual and congregation giving.

We test the methodological approach in the current literature.

Very Preliminary ResultsIncome Elasticity

Method used: Both Heckman SelectionPseudo R-Square: 0.3295

Local and non-local giving

Data suggest complementarity. For every 10% increase in non-local giving, local giving increases by 0.68%.

Other significant and positive relationships: Income of the church: 2.6%The number of regular participants: 3.9%Urban congregation: 29%Pastor hours spent in community

participation:1.6% Joint service projects: 0.97%

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Future Work & Resources

Data available for further study

KCCS offers analytical assistance to selected projects

Online directory Support for the Doug &

Maria DeVos Foundation’s Successful Futures Neighborhood Initiative

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Closing Remarks

Edwin Hernandez, Ph.D.RDV Corporation

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Questions and Comments?