approach to the wind resource assessment for the sixth power plan northwest power & conservation...
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NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
Approach to the Wind Resource Assessment for the Sixth Power
Plan
Northwest Power & Conservation Council
Generating Resources Advisory Committee
August 21, 2008
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
Objective
• Estimate a supply curve of wind power plausibly available to the Northwest over the next 20 years
• Considering:Transmission feasibility
Competition from other load centers
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
Alternative approaches
• "Informed expert" estimate (of quantity) (5th Plan)
• Adopt/modify a recent assessmentRMATS
NTAC Montana - Northwest & C-N-C studies
Western Governor's Association CDEAC initiative
US DOE 20% Wind Energy by 2030
• Build on or adopt an ongoing assessment WECC 2009 NERC Long-term Reliability Analysis (LRTA) 15%
renewables scenario
WGA/USDOE Western Renewable Energy Zone project
• Independent assessment, drawing on information from all the foregoing where feasible
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
RMATS Wind Assessment*
Goal: "Identify technically, financially and environmentally viable generation projects with potential for development in the Rocky Mountain Sub-region in the near future".
Annual capacity factors and capacity values calculated for load regions based on NREL wind speed data.
* Hamilton, et al. Integrating Wind into Transmission Planning: The Rocky Mountain Area Transmission Study (RMATS). March 2004
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
RMATS load regions & wind capacity factors
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NTAC C-N-C Study Resource areas & transmission corridors
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
WGA CDEAC supply curves** Western Governor's Association. Clean and Diversified Energy Initiative: Wind Task Force Report. March 2006
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
US DOE: 20% Wind Energy by 2030
• Published May 2008; EOY 2006 data
• PNW wind characteristics based on 2002 NREL state wind power maps.
• Wind capacity expansion estimated usign NREL WinDS GIS/Linear programming capacity expansion model136 Balancing areas (load centers)
358 Wind resource regions
Transmission linkages (10% of existing capacity assumed available for wind)
Seeks "Cost-optimal" buildout
• Wind project and transmission capital and operating costs from Black & Veatch study (to be published). Terrestrial and shallow offshore technology.
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
20% by 2030 Report: Somewhat counterintuitive results for PNW
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
Application of existing studies
• RMATS Resource area annual capacity factors
• NTACTransmission cost information (needs escalation)No original resource information
• CDEACState-level wind resource supply curvesNo Canadian information
• USDOE 20%Wind project and transmission cost estimatesQuestionable development patterns at regional scale
• WECC/TEPPC 15% renewables scenarioResource characteristics based on new NREL mesoscale dataInsufficient wind resource
• WREZResource characteristics based on new NREL mesoscale dataRealistic resource areas and transmission corridorsUnlikely to be available in time
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
Proposed approach - Regional wind supply curve• Identify principal wind resource areas available to Northwest utilities
Substantial developable wind resource
Actual transmission initiatives
Available information regarding wind characteristics
• Estimate production characteristics of each WRASeasonal and diurnal hourly output (12 mo x 24 hr)
Incremental demand for regulation & load-following (?)
• Estimate component costsWind plant (i.e., busbar + local interconnection)
• Terrestrial
• Shallow off-shore
New transmission to proposed Boardman hub (unit cost x circuit miles)
Point-to-point transmission, Boardman to LSE (to establish parity w/energy-efficiency)
Regulation & load-following
NorthwestPower andConservation
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NorthwestPower andConservation
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Wind resource areas & transmission
• Preferred: WREZ resource areas and transmission corridors definitions; but, unlikely to be available in time
• Alternative: CDEAC WRAs + S. OR offshore & NTAC Canadian WRAs, guided by current transmission corridor proposals Columbia Basin buildout Central Montana S.E Idaho Central Alberta Wyoming S. OR offshore BC Coastal? SE Oregon?
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
Major transmission proposals
NWE MSTI
BPA W. of McNary
BPA I-5
PG&E Canada-PNW-CA
PacifiCorp Gateway West
IPC Hemmingway - Boardman
PGE Southern Crossing
PacifiCorp Walla Walla
TransCanada Northern Lights
MATL
NorthwestPower andConservation
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NorthwestPower andConservation
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Proposed Boardman hub
Wind resource areas and transmission corridors
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
NorthwestPower andConservation
Council
Estimating resource area production
• 12 mo x 24 hour time series for modelling purposes
• U.S. Resource Areas preferred option: 3-year synthetic production from NREL mesoscale dataset (30,000 points in US WECC)
• If NREL synthetic hourly not available:Aggregate historical hourly production data (Columbia Basin areas)
Synthetic production estimates from anemometer data (Columbia Basin, Montana)
Annual capacity factors from RMATS and CDEAC studies
• Alberta - AESO aggregate historical hourly production
NorthwestPower andConservation
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NorthwestPower andConservation
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Estimating costs
• Wind project costs:Representative project
Terrestrial and offshore
Effective cost will vary by capacity factor
Terrestrial capital cost discussion later today, O&M costs to follow
Off-shore - LIPA study, USDOE 20% study, reported project costs.
• Transmission costsUnit costs x line length
NTAC unit costs, escalated w/consideration of other studies & reported transmission project costs
• Regulation, load-following & shaping)Initial discussion to follow this presentation
NorthwestPower andConservation
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NorthwestPower andConservation
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Other issues
• Benefits of geographic diversity in reducing demand for regulation and load-following
• Assumptions regarding transmission load factor:Tradeoff between transmission cost and value of interrupted energy
Relative location of resource area and firming services.
• Inconsistent sources of wind resource data
• NPCC perspectiveCentral point of delivery (e.g. Mid-C of proposed Boardman hub)
MAy not be representative of local service