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Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3

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Page 1: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

Applied Linguistics 665

English Phonology

3

Page 2: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

Phonetics

• Relevance to Classroom Teachers• Pass standardized tests – RICA

(Reading Instruction Competency Assessment).

• Reading instruction - Phonics- based approach

Page 3: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

Spelling and Sounds in English

• Spoken language varies over time and space. But written language is constant.

• English has been influenced by other languages. Spelling problems

Page 4: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

Human Communication

• Oral communication = Speaker encodes an idea into language Listener decodes the acoustic signal into language to understand the original idea

• Sending and receiving messages involves much more than encoding and decoding

Page 5: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

• Prediction• Making inferences ( to fill in

information not included in the message)

• Social context• Gestures• Tone of voice ( threatening, pleading)• Shared knowledge – common feelings• Nature of the utterance

(literal/nonliteral, direct/indirect)

Page 6: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

How people learn to read and write and how people learn a second language?

• Reading should be directly taught and learned (learning view)

• Reading is acquired (acquisition view)• Reading should be taught in small parts

of language – phonemes and morphemes (current approach- US dept. of Edu)

• Second language – teaching grammar and vocab. (early approach)

• Second language is acquired (comprehensible input)

Page 7: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

• Phonology, morphology and syntax can inform teachers as they evaluate method of teaching reading and methods of teaching second languages.

Page 8: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

Phonemes

• Phoneme is a sound that makes a difference in meaning in a language. There are 40 phonemes in English and about 22 in Spanish. “p” sound in pin/pan and “b” sound in bet/ban = minimal pairs

Page 9: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

• One letter may represent different sounds and one sound may be represented by different letters or letter sequences

• C in cat and k in kite • Ea have different sounds – tea,

bread, steak, and idea

Page 10: Applied Linguistics 665 English Phonology 3. Phonetics Relevance to Classroom Teachers Pass standardized tests – RICA (Reading Instruction Competency

• Phonemic transcription: each sound represented by one and only one written mark

• Cat and kite: /k/• Pill: /p/ - aspirated• Sip: /p/ - not aspirated• Phonemes are perceptual, not

physical units.