applied and environmental microbiology · applied and environmental microbiology volume40 0 number6...
TRANSCRIPT
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY
VOLUME 40 0 NUMBER 6 0 DECEMBER 1980
EDITORIAL BOARDJames M. Tiedje, Editor-in-Chief (1985)Michigan State University, East Lansing
Robert T. Bely, Editor (1984)Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester, N. Y.
R. H. Deibel, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison
A. L. Demain, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge
Martin S. Favero, Editor (1985)Centerfor Disease Control,
Phoenix, Ariz.
Robert B. Hespell Editor (1985)University of Illinois, Urbana
Bernard J. Abbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allson (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1982)Joan W. Bennett (1981)Merlin Bergdoll (1981)Martha D. Berlner (1980)Thomas L. Bott (1980)Charles Boylen (1982)Toms Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Buflerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1982)Paul E. Came (1982)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. aarke (1981)Michael A. Cole (1982)Rita R. Colwel (1980)Richard A. Consigli (1982)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Frank Dazzo (1982)Steven W. Drew (1981)Richard Elauder (1982)Beatrice England (1980)Jerald C. Ensign (1980)Douglas Eveleigh (1982)Carl B. Fliermans (1981)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1982)
Edwin E. Geldreich (1982)Charles Gerba (1982)Richard E. Goldstrand (1982)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1982)C. P. Lesle Grady, Jr. (1982)Charles Hagedorn III (1982)Bruce Hamilton (1981)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch-@ 1981)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)John C. Hoff (1982)David H. Hubbel (1981)John J. Iandolo (1980)John Johnson (1982)David M. Karl (1982)Edward Katz (1982)Michael J. King (1980)Roger Knowles (1982)Paul Lemke (1982)Carol Litchileld (1980)Gordon A. McFeters (1981)Prakash Masurekar (1982)Joseph L. Meliick (1980)Terry L. Miller (1982)Richard Monta (1982)Claude H. Nash (1981)Betty H. Olson (1982)Ronald Oremiand (1982)Eldor A. Paul (1980)Frederick C. Pearson (1982)
W. 0. Pipes (1981)Hap Pritchard (1982)Donald J. Reasoner (1982)C. A. Reddy (1982)Douglas Ribbons (1982)Antonio H. Romano (1980)John P. Rosaza (1982)Harry Rosenberg (1982)Dwayne Savage (1982)Robert D. Schwartz (1982)Ohlrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sieburth (1981)William H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Hiroshi Suglyama (1981)Anne 0. Summers (1982)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Claude Vezina (1982)Edward Voss (1981)D. 1. C. Wang (1981)David White (1982)Willam J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1981)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. Wolin (1982)William Yotis (1982)Stanley A. Zahler (1982)Alexander Zehnder (1982)
Gisella Pollock, Acting Managing EditorCheryl Cross, Production Editor
1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006
Albert Balows, President (1980-1981)J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary
Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240), apublication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St.,NW, Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the advancementand dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecologicalknowledge, both applied and fundamental, concerning microor-ganisms. Instructions to Authors are published in the Januaryissue each year. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is pub-lished monthly, two volumes per year. The nonmember subscrip-tion price is $70 per year. The member subscription price is $17per year. Single copies are $6.00. Correspondence relating tosubscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints, defective copies,availability of back issues, and lost or late proofs should bedirected to the ASM Publications Office, 1913 I St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20006 (area 202-833-9680).
E}* : 4b V,; 56- r~ AC'JN L , 1t {Xr(II
Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20006, and at
EX OFFICIOFrederick C. Neidhardt, President-Elect (1980-198 1)
Brinton M. Miler, Treasurer
additional mailing offices.Made in the United States of America.Copyright © 1980, American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.
The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center, Inc., P.O. Box 765, Schenectady, New York 12301,for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to otherkinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collectiveworks, or for resale.
Author IndexAbe, Mikiko, 1094
Behere, A. G., 989Bewley, Richard J. F., 1053Blackmer, A. M., 1060Bremner, J. M., 1060Brinkley, Allen W., 1017, 1130Burmeister, H. R., 1142
Cech, Irina, 1067Chang, Yueh, 1049Chian, Edward S. K., 1049Chin, B., 1039Chu, F. S., 1027
Donohue, Georgiana, 1148
Fisher, L., 1044Fleet, Graham H., 994
Gaur, P. K., 1027Gerba, Charles P., 1067Goodfellow, M., 1136Gottesman, Andrew R., 1130Grove, M. D., 1142Gutnick, D., 1086
Harewood, K., 1044Henk, W. G., 1122Heym, Gloria A., 1106Higashi, Shiro, 1094Highley, Terry L., 1145Hosono, Makiko, 1007Hurst, Christon J., 1067
Imura, Nobumasa, 1007Ito, Yohei, 1100
Jensen, K. E., 1044Juni, Elliot, 1106
Kishishita, Masamichi, 1100Kwolek, W. F., 1142
Landry, Edward F., 1032
Manousos, M., 1044Mansheim, Bernard J., 1139Martin, D. F., 1136Mayyasi, S., 1044Mersinger, Cynthia L., 1017Metcalf, Theodore G., 1115Metzger, Joseph F., 1023Meyer, Richard F., 1080Moon, Nancy J., 1122Mott, Glen E., 1017, 1130Munch, K., 1044
Nadkarni, G. B., 989
Ozaki, Yoshikatsu, 1100
Padwal-Desai, S. R., 989Palmieri, Michael J., 1080Pan-Hou, Hidemitsu S. K., 1007Pearson, Frederick C., 1148Peczynska-Czoch, Wanda, 1003Peeler, J. T., 1012Penello, Wayne F., 1032
Pestka, J. J., 1027Petroski, Richard J., 1003Pfeffer, John T., 1049Priest, F. G., 1136
Ramia, Sami, 1133Rosazza, John P., 1003Rosenberg, E., 1086
Sattar, Syed A., 1133Schmidt, E. L., 1060Shaffer, Peter T. B., 1115Sharma, Arun, 989Shelef, L. A., 1039Shibley, G. P., 1044Siegel, Lynn S., 1023Son, Nguyen Thi, 994Spaulding, P. L., 1012Sproul, Otis J., 1115Stenstrom, Mary L., 1139Stevens, R., 1044Story, Kenneth, 1148
Todd, C., 1136Twedt, R. M., 1012
Ushijima, Tsutomu, 1100
Vaughn, J. M., 1032
Weary, Marlys E., 1148
Zelljadt, I., 1044Zilber, I. Kirschner, 1086
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The editors thank the following individuals who served as outside reviewers during the past year.
Frank AdairDonald AhearnDanny AkinHenry E. AmosFarooq AzamRichard BaltzS. S. BamfordH. de BarjacBarry L. BatzingW. D. BauerGeorge BaughmanPaul BaumannLarry BelserMerlin S. BergdollMichael R. BetlachTerrance J. BeveridgeR. BoatmanJean-Marc BollagDon J. BrennerJohn BreznakWinston J. BrillWilliam BrownWylie BurgeE. C. CalavanDouglas CaldwellWilliam C. CaskeyMark ChatignyWilliam R. ChesbroMartha ChristensonF. S. ChuG. W. ClausJohn W. CostertonDonald L. CrawfordRonald L. CrawfordEdwin A. DawesBurk A. DehorityConnie C. DelwicheHugh W. DucklowCharles L. DuncanHenry L. EhrlichSamuel R. FarrahJames C. FeeleyJames C. FerryWilliam R. FinnertyMelvin S. FinsteinMary FirestoneLarry FomeyGlynn FrankRobert GhemaWalter GigerWilliam E. GledhillJohn M. GoepfertJoel GoldmanScott GrahamRobin HarrisJ. W. HastingsF. P. HealeyGeorge D. HegemanSteve Herbes
Peter HirschLillian V. HoldemanDavid HopwoodAmikam HorowitzDennis HsiehPhillip B. HylemonW. P. IversonJames JorgensenKenneth KangEugene KaoGary KingThomas K. KirkWesley KloosRobert KlucasPatrick J. KonkelAlan KonopkaC. P. KurtzmanMaurice LalondePaul LaRockRobert LarsenLinda LasureEdward LawsL. S. LeeJane Zeigler LeedleR. LescherE. B. LillehojJohn A. LindquistWarren LitskyTom MackieMary MandelsAllen MarkovetzRobert MarquisBruce MarshJames P. MartinLarry L. McKayLois K. MillerTerry MillerAaron MillsRonald W. MinkClifford S. MintzThomas MontvilleSam M. MorrisonDoug MountfortEirik NestaasE. NesterThomas NgC. F. Niven, Jr.Norman OlsonChristian OrregoAllan PaauHans W. PaerlMichael W. ParizaJerome J. PerryGerry A. PetersE. W. PetersonNorbert PfennigG. E. PierceJacqueline PiretMichael Pisano
Kenneth B. RaperG. Yull RheeSidney C. RittenbergL. Scott RodkeyP. A. RogerHarold W. RossmoreParke RubleeJames B. RussellJohn RytherAbigail SalyersGary S. SaylerRobert SchaeferEdwin L. SchmidtKarel SchubertPeter ScottDave M. SedlockRamon J. SeidlerLarry M. SeitzRobert SewardDaniel SheltonWarren SilverNorval SinclairFred SingletonR. Singleton, Jr.Ronald K. SizemoreRoy SjobladRalph SlepeckyDavid W. SmithScott SmithMark SobseyJan S0rensenPeter SouwJim SpainRichard StrayerDavid SternbergJoseph SuflitaH. SugiyamaM. TanseyCraig TaylorKen L. TempleA. ThunbergA. E. Torma0. H. TuovinenRobert T. UffenRichard F. UnzCarl VanderzantR. VilletHomer W. WalkerDavid WardStanley W. WatsonDavid WhiteRoger WhittenburyRalph WolfePeter WolkStanley T. WilliamsH. ZalkinAlexander ZehnderGreg ZeikusDave Zuberer
ANNOUNCING
THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUMON
RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATIONIN MICROBIOLOGY*
26-30 MAY 1981WASHINGTON, D.C.
TOPICAL AREAS WILL INCLUDE
* clinical, medical, and public health microbiology* industrial microbiology* environmental microbiology* food microbiology* quality control* microbiological technology in developing nations
SHORT PAPERS ARE INVITED AND MUST BESUBMITTED ON OFFICIAL ABSTRACT FORMSBY 31 DECEMBER 1980 to ASM HEADQUARTERS,1913 "EYE" ST., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006.
For further information write:
Dr. Richard C. Tilton, ChairmanISRMA Planning CommitteeUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterDepartment of Laboratory Medicine263 Farmington AvenueFarmington, Connecticut 06032
* Sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology
NOTES 1151
its unusually high variability in the rabbit py-rogen test, (ii) EC-2 is a questionable choice as
an LAL test endotoxin standard because it variesamong lots and exhibits reduced LAL test activ-ity in nornal saline, and (iii) Novo Pyrexal andE. coli 055:B5 are the most appropriate selec-tions for LAL test endotoxin standards, becausetheir potencies with the LAL and USP rabbittests are closely parallel and they exhibit littlelot-to-lot variability.
LITERATURE CITED
1. Davies, D. A. L., W. T. J. Morgan, and W. Mosemann.1954. Studies in immunochemistry. 13. Preparation andproperties of the 'O' somatic antigen of Shigella dysen-teriae (SHIGA). Biochem. J. 56:572-587.
2. Duncan, D. B. 1957. Multiple range tests for correlatedand heteroscedastic means. Biometrics 13:164-176.
3. Galanos, C., 0. Luderitz, and 0. Westphal. 1979. Prep-aration and properties of a standardized lipopolysaccha-ride from Salmonella abortus equi. Zentralbl. Bakte-
riol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Orig. ReiheA 243:226-244.
4. Health Industry Manufacturer's Association. 1979.HIMA collaborative study for the pyrogenicity evalua-tion of a reference endotoxin by the USP rabbit test.Health Industry Manufacturer's Association, Washing-ton, D.C.
5. Randolph, W. T. 1977. Licensing of Limulus lysate. Fed.Regist. 42:57749.
6. Rudbach, J. A., F. I. Akiya, R. J. Eln, H. D. Hoch-stein, M. K. Luoma, E. C. B. Milner, K. C. Milner,and K. R. Thomas. 1975. Preparation and propertiesof a national reference endotoxin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 3:21-25.
7. United States Pharmacopeia. 1980. United StatesPharmacopeia XX, p. 902-903. United States Pharma-copeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, Md.
8. U.S. Public Health Service. 1978. Code of Federal Reg-ulations 21, Food and Drugs 436.32, parts 300-499.
9. U.S. Public Health Service. 1978. Code of Federal Reg-ulations 21, Food and Drugs 610.13 (b), parts 600-1299.
10. Wachtel, R. E., and K. Tsuji. 1977. Comparison ofLimulus amebocyte lysates and correlation with theUnited States pharmacopeial pyrogen test. Appl. En-viron. Microbiol. 33:1265-1269.
~...p. h L AcSting Sanaging Editor
Fg
VOL. 40, 1980
STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION0t-md bi 39 U5C 3xUo
1plp 1n Fni1nna i!! rl.a 9-26-80
*ntlhly 12 ns-. S17 :S~Snnnn2zoCT ot zOV O~~~-1esvUI"woa.c- c...s __
lQl3 7 St- Ni. lda%hintotnn DC ?nnni
1Q121 I St NW S.sshingtnn nr 25006...WS ..0 5LITl I..LOF 9-0.. ..0... G *OI..
A ,rie_n SC)nI fnr Nicrnhila,gy l1Q1 I St N-N N-hingt-n nrnnnS5iSR1 Add-)
'ielolockt (Acting)
An,ri,anS,ci ,tl fnr5 Mi,rnhislty tIQ 1 1NIlN.h1W.hi .Q..- nr 7oSo6
FO0I COE1910.tIt OI OC^IIA100T1ZIOT10 ,.VC.., ..'s tO S12 122. IM
.EJ. D.0C.....,-S- . DCU ...C _
120 2Q3T509
.TOT^8@O coworw*eTsoCviZ-F_I <10520 Mn477voo* ^ .... 0 coT .......... 1one . None
Z1LV_C-oPT qOl~~~~~~907 9309
QAI 7 QaRn
9067 9362*.7oo-............I..
1453 I nff
Nlone moneaiinZInaZ7
60 6. ua..- byisg* slagiIls Editsw R Acting leanaqinq Editorza FO,C-OtT0T ULbML"O"OULsRT "11,vX
1,AWd---W-hW-VIP-1-- -I -Id- -f--& If----dbl- d.1
g g
-L
101.1- 11 0. W.09. .. O... at_.-_. -W'....
AUTHOR INDEX
VOLUME 40
Abe, Mikiko, 1094Akhtar, M. Waheed, 257Akin, Danny E., 809Alderton, Gordon, 511Alexander, Martin, 492, 507, 917Alexander, Steve K., 341Allen, D. A., 715Allison, M. J., 833, 840Amundsen, Susan K., 337Anderson, J. G., 309Anderson, Murray S., 706Ando, Kunio, 264Andrews, R. E., 301, 959Andrews, R. E., Jr., 897Asada, Shoji, 274Ayanwale, Lekan F., 285Ayres, J. C., 333Ayres, John C., 870
Bachmann, Marc, 876Baldwin, K. A., 84Behere, A. G., 989Bell, James B., 486Berg, Jan-Olof, 40Berman, Donald, 426Bewley, Richard J. F., 1053Blackmer, A. M., 1060Blakemore, Richard P., 429Bohme, Dietrich, 458Bokkenheuser, Victor D., 803Boone, David R., 626Bott, Thomas L., 977Bourquin, A. W., 726Brannan, Daniel K., 211Bremner, J. M., 1060Breznak, John A., 117, 125Brill, Winston J., 931Brinkley, Allen W., 1017, 1130Brown, Melanie J., 179Brown, Tim J., 62Brunner, Walter, 950Bryant, Marvin P., 626Bulla, L. A., Jr., 897Bulla, Lee A., Jr., 166Burmeister, H. R., 1142Busta, F. F., 721
Cabelli, Victor J., 756Calabrese, Diane M., 973Caldwell, Douglas E., 211Campbell, B. S., 897Camper, Anne K., 794Cech, Irina, 1067Chang, Yueh, 1049Chase, Theodore, Jr., 567Chatigny, Mark A., 80Chen, John K., 511
Chen, Y. R., 217Cheng, K.-J., 613, 672Chian, Edward S. K., 1049Chibata, Ichiro, 19Chien, M. M., 741Chin, B., 1039Chiploy, John R., 352Chu, F. S., 678, 1027Chughtai, M. I. D., 257Chynoweth, D. P., 287Ciegler, Alex, 102Cline-Theil, W., 163Cole, R. J., 685Colwell, R. R., 715Colwell, Rita R., 746, 981Connor, Douglas A., 883Conrad, Ralf, 437Costerton, J. W., 613Costilow, Ralph N., 417Counotte, G. H. M., 163Cox, R. H., 685Craven, D. B., 549Crocker, J. F. S., 787Cursons, Ray T. M., 62Czerkawski, J. W., 672
Daily, 0. P., 715Davidson, L. I., 897Davies, F. Lyndon, 964Davis, William M., 539Dawson, Karl A., 833, 840Dean, Cheryl H., 92de Cabrera, Sheryl, 466DeLaune, Ronald D., 365Demain, Arnold L., 675Detroy, Robert W., 169DeWalle, Foppe B., 821Dimmick, Robert L., 80Dobbs, S., 108Dockins, William S., 386Doerr, John A., 102Donnelly, L. S., 721Donohue, Georgiana, 1148Dorner, J. W., 685Duran, A. P., 765Dutton, Michael F., 706
Eggimann, Bernhard, 876Eide, Ingvar, 318Elliott, Garth E., 486El-Nakib, O., 678Emswiler-Rose, B. S., 13Engelbrecht, Richard S., 249Escalante-Semerena, J. C., 429Evans, T. M., 922Eyles, Michael J., 223
Fagerberg, D. J., 562Failder, W. A.
Jr., 970Fay, J. P., 613Federle, Thomas W., 32Fink, R. C., 476Firstenberg-Eden, Ruth, 480Fisher, L., 1044Fleet, Graham H., 994Fox, Susan S., 852Francis, A. J., 108Francis, D. W., 174Fukushima, Takeshi, 244Furutani, Akira, 770, 777
Gasson, Michael J., 964Gates, Karen, 417Gaur, P. K., 678, 1027George, B. A., 562Gerba, Charles P., 192, 305, 892,
912, 1067Ghittoni, Nora E., 231Ghosh, A. C., 476Glass, J. Steven, 201Goldman, William D., 114Gomez, Reinaldo F., 358, 571Goodfellow, M., 1136Goodman, R. N., 596Goreau, Thomas J., 526Gorman, George W., 697Gottesman, Andrew R., 1130Goyal, Sagar M., 892, 912Grana, David C., 852Grau, Frederick H., 433Graves, James F., 1Grove, M. D., 1142Guilfoyle, Dennis E., 847Gutnick, D., 1086Gutteridge, Cohn S., 462
Habte, Mitiku, 507Hackney, C. R., 652Hamann, Donald D., 102Hambrick, Gordon A., 365Hamilton, Pat B., 102, 522, 641Harewood, K., 1044Harris, M. E., 13Harrison, Susan J., 533Hartman, P. A., 833, 840Harvey, R. W., 156Hashimoto, A. G., 217Hayashi, Kazuya, 452Heckly, Robert J., 80Henk, W. G., 1122Herrero, Alejandro A., 571Heym, Gloria A., 1106Hicks, K. B., 171
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
Higashi, Shiro, 1094Highley, Terry L., 1145Hill, R., 685Hill, W. M., 939Hirose, Keiji, 446Hodson, Robert E., 735Hoppe, Wilfried F., 608Horiguchi, Masaaki, 294Hosono, Makiko, 1007Hou, Kenneth, 892Howarth, R. E., 613Huff, William E., 102Huhtanen, C. N., 171Hurst, Christon J., 192, 1067Hussong, David, 981
Iandolo, J. J., 897Ichikawa, Tadashi, 264Imura, Nobumasa, 1007Ishiguro, Naotaka, 446Ito, Keith A., 511Ito, Yohei, 1100Iwane, Yoshitaka, 264Izuo, Nobuhiko, 19
Jacobson, Stuart N., 917Jay, James M., 177Jensen, Arne, 318Jensen, Harold, 633Jensen, K. E., 1044Jessee, B. A., 169Jeter, Wayburn S., 939Johnson, Janet K., 391Johnston, R. W., 13Jones, Joanne M., 337Joseph, S. W., 715Juni, Elliot, 1106
Kaneene, John M. B., 285Kaplan, Warren A., 526Karl, D. M., 549Kawai, Fusako, 701Keilmann, Fritz, 458Kellar, Penelope E., 587Kelly, C. A., 287Keogh, Barbara P., 798Keys, Elizabeth A., 62Kimura, Takuhei, 701Kishishita, Masamichi, 1100Klaenhammer, T. R., 500Kleeman, E. G., 652Klug, M. J., 408Kniseley, Richard N., 888Knuckles, Maurice E., 92Koehler, P. E., 333Koehler, Philip E., 870Konopka, Allan, 681Kotarski, S., 408Kotula, A. W., 646Kozaki, S., 161Kralickova, Eva, 855Kramer, Vance C., 973Kurachi, Mamoru, 701
Kushner, D. J., 186Kwolek, W. F., 1142
Lacy, Melvyn L., 417Laltoo, M., 787Lance, J. Clarence, 192Landry, Edward F., 1032Lawrence, William P., 821LeChevallier, Mark W., 922Lee, S. H. S., 787Lee, W. H., 13Leisinger, Thomas, 950Lembke, Linda L., 888Leong, Jenny, 381Lester, John N., 179Liberman, D. F., 476Liew, Pei-Fung, 305Lin, Y. C., 333Lindqvist, Lennart, 40Lipke, H., 145Lomax, P., 186Lovett, J., 174Luchtel, Daniel L., 821Luther, J. P., 145Lynch, Martha J., 400
Maccubbin, A. E., 735Mackel, Donald C., 697Macrae, Wendy R.; 486Malestein, A., 163Manousos, M., 1044Mansheim, Bernard J., 1139Marr, John S., 114Martin, D. F., 1136Matsumoto, Tatsuro, 294Mayyasi, S., 1044McCambridge, J., 907McEachern, Harold V., 697McElroy, Michael B., 526McFeters, Gordon, 794McFeters, Gordon A., 386McKay, L. L., 84McKinley, G. A., 562McMeekin, T. A., 133, 907McNerney, Thomas, 370Meadows, P. S., 309Merkal, R. S., 282Mersinger, Cynthia L., 1017Mestrandrea, Leonard W., 847Metcalf, Theodore G., 1115Metzger, Joseph F., 1023Meyer, Richard F., 1080Miller, Richard D., 849Mills, Aaron L., 578Mirelman, David, 269Mirocha, Chester J., 901Mirza, A. Q., 257Miura, Hideki, 294Mizunuma, Takeji, 452Moats, W. A., 710Moon, Nancy J., 1122Moore, Barbara, E., 423Moran, James W., 25Morris, George K., 697
Morrison, Susan J., 659Mott, Glen E., 1017, 1130Mulcahy, R., 476Muller, M. M., 235Mullins, B. W., 309Munch, K., 1044Murrell, William G., 223Mutai, Masahiko, 866
Nabe, Koichi, 19Nadkarni, G. B., 989Ng, Lai-King, 346Nickerson, Kenneth W., 166, 973Nine, B. J., 108Nixon, Jon C., 244Noda, Fumio, 452Noel, K. Dale, 931Nord, Carl E., 40Nordal, John, 472Norris, Dale M., 376Norris, John R., 462Notermans, S., 161
O'Connor, Mary L., 370,400Ohwada, Kouichi, 746Olson, Gregory J., 67O'Mara, Nancy L., 917Ozaki, Yoshikatsu, 1100
Pica, Jan, 855Padwal-Desai, S. R., 989Paerl, Hans W., 587Palmieri, Michael J., 1080Pan-Hou, Hidemitsu S. K., 1007Park, L. W., 301Parrish, F. W., 171Patel, K., 309Patrick, W. H., 365Pearson, Frederick C., 1148Peczynska-Czoch, Wanda, 1003Peeler, J. T., 1012Pellon, Jose R., 358Penello, Wayne F., 1032Pestka, J. J., 1027Peterson, Robert E., 102Petroski, Richard J., 1003Pettit, J. R., 783Pfeffer, John T., 1049Pierson, M. D., 646Pistole, Thomas, 269Politis, D. J., 596Potrikus, C. J., 117, 125Pramer, D., 694Pramer, David, 567Priest, F. G., 1136Prins, R. A., 163Pritchard, P. H., 726
Quarles, C. L., 562
Ramgopal, M., 476Ramia, Sami, 1133Ramirez, Carlos, 492
ii AUTHORINDEX
VOL. 40, 1980
Ray, B., 652Read, R. B., Jr., 765Restaino, L., 939Rice, Robert C., 192Rigby, C. E., 783Riggs, Hammond G., Jr., 1Ritchie, Alfred E., 803Robinson, Robert A., 285Rogenmuser, Kurt, 977Rogers, Peter L., 7Rohr, Mary-Ellen, 426Rollins, L. D., 562Rolz, Carlos, 466Rosas, Susana B., 231Rosazza, J. P., 741Rosazza, John P., 1003Rosenberg, E., 1086Rosenzweig, W. D., 567, 694Rowley, Durwood B., 480Rozee, K. R., 787Rudd, John W. M., 770, 777
Safferman, Robert S., 426Sagik, Bernard P., 423Salter, Brenda L., 249Sanders, M. E., 500Santo, Lannianti, 458Sasaki, Hiroshi, 264Sato, Gihei, 446Sato, Yasushi, 967Sattar, Syed A., 1133Sawada, Mikio, 264Schaefer, F. L., 476Schaeffer, Anthony J., 337Schenck, Susan, 567Schmidt, Carla A., 249Schmidt, E. L., 1060Schwab, A. H., 765Schwarz, John R., 341Secco, Maria del Carmen, 231Seidler, Ramon J., 715, 922Seiler, Wolfgang, 437Seiter, Julie A., 177Shaffer, Peter T. B., 1115Sharma, Arun, 989Sharp, D. G., 381, 633Shattuck, G. Edgar, 480Shaw, David R., 756Shay, D. E., 970Shelef, L. A., 1039Sherman, David M., 285Shibasaki, Isao, 274Shibley, G. P., 1044Siegel, Lynn S., 1023
Simizu, Bunsiti, 240Simon, Robert D., 984Sinha, R. P., 326Skaliy, Peter, 697Skipnes, Olav, 318Skotnicki, Mary L., 7Skujiis, J., 235Slinde, Erik, 472Smiley, Martin B., 862Sobsey, Mark D., 92, 201Somerson, Norman L., 391Son, Nguyen Thi, 994Sorber, Charles A., 423Sozzi, Tommaso, 862Spain, Jim C., 726Spaulding, P. L., 174, 1012Speck, M. L., 652Spence, K. D., 301, 959Sproul, Otis J., 1115Staub, Doris, 950Steindler, Kathy A., 533Stenstrom, Mary L., 1139Stern, Norman J., 646Stevens, R., 1044Stewart, Betty J., 223Stiles, Michael E., 346Story, Kenneth, 1148Straskrabova, Vera, 855Stumm, Claudius K., 608Sundman, V., 235Suzuki, Koji, 264Swanson, Steve P., 901Swartzentruber, A., 765
Tabor, Paul S., 746Takano, Mitsuo, 274Tanaka, Ryuichiro, 866Tani, Yoshiki, 701Tanny, Gerald B., 269Tate, Robert L., III, 75, 313Tel-Or, Elisha, 689Temple, Kenneth L., 794Terry, Richard E., 313Thomas, C. J., 133Thomas, Kent, 633Thompson, Terry A., 697Thorpe, Thurman C., 849Tobin, R. S., 186Todd, C., 1136Toombs, Russ W., 883Tribe, David E., 7Tsuji, Kiyoshi, 533Turk, Christopher A., 423Turner, Michael A., 777
AUTHOR INDEX m
Tuttle, Jon H., 516Twedt, R. M., 1012
Ujimaru, Toshihiko, 19Ulmer, Kevin M., 358Uraih, Nduka, 352Ushijima, Tsutomu, 1100
Vaatanen, Pentti, 48, 55Valois, Frederica W., 526Varel, V. H., 217Vaughn, J. M., 1032Vestal, J. Robie, 32Vogels, Godfried D., 608Voigt, Michael N., 870
Wagner, D. E., 562Wagner, Ray A., 92Wallace, R. J., 672Walsh, P. M., 84Ward, David M., 67Warren, Michael F., 522, 641Wassel, Raymond A., 578Watson, Stanley W., 526Weary, Marlys E., 1148Weber, Michael J., 249Weiner, Ronald M., 981Wentz, B. A., 765Werner, Rolf G., 675Whipple, D. L., 282White, David C., 539, 659Wicklow, D., 685Wicklow, Donald T., 169Wilkins, Judd R., 852Williams, H. N., 970Winter, Jeanette, 803Wofsy, Steven C., 526Wolfe, R. S., 429Wopat, Ann E., 400Wyatt, Roger D., 870
Yamada, Hideaki, 701Yamada, Shigeki, 19Yamamoto, Kiichi, 240Yoneya, Takefumi, 967Yoshizawa, Takumi, 901Young, L. Y., 156
Zaske, Susan K., 386Zelljadt, I., 1044Zerda, Katherine S., 892Zilber, I. Kirschner, 1086
SUBJECT INDEX
VOLUME 40
Acanthamoebaeeffect of disinfectants, 62
Acetylene inhibition methoddenitrification in low pH soils, 235
Achromobacters, psychrotrophicidentification, 1106
Acremonium kiliensepathogen of C. glomerata, 977
Activated sludgepolymer extraction, 179
Adenosine nucleotide derivativesfluorometric determination, 539
Aerationeffect on C. utilis cell morphology, 855
Aerosolscoliform concentrations, 888in a solid waste recovery system, 888
Aerosols, K. pneumoniaeinfection of mice, 80
Aflatoxicosisamino acid concentration, 870bone strength, evaluation, 102B-vitamin concentration, 870
Aflatoxicosis, broiler chickensintestinal fragility, 641
Aflatoxin B,antibody production by goats and rabbits, 678interaction with phenolic antioxidants, 1039micro-ELISA, 1027mutagenicity, 1039
Aflatoxin productionA. parasiticus spores, 989by A. parasiticus, 333influence of temperature cycling, 333
Aflatoxin releaseinhibition by benzoic acid, 352
Air-conditioning maintenance personnelincreased risk of legionellosis, 114
Alcohol dehydrogenasescomparison of two forms, 967in R. javanicus, 967
Alfalfa silageepiphytic microflora, 1122
Algal-bacterial matanaerobic degradation, 67in a high-sulfate hot spring, 67
Algal growth ratecage culture turbidostat, 318
Alkaline phosphatase activityeffects on nucleotide measurements in aquatic mi-
crobial communities, 549Amino acids
concentrations in chicks with aflatoxicosis, 870Amino acid transport
iv
S. agalactiae, 25Aminopeptidasefrom L. lactis, 876
Ammonia-oxidizing chemoautotrophic microorga-nisms
nitrous oxide production, 1060Amoebae, pathogenic free-living
effect of disinfectants, 62Amphipods, estuarine gammaridean
effects of grazing on allochthonous detritus micro-biota, 659
Anabaena, N2-fixingphysiological adaptations to environmental stress,
587Anthraquinonesmutagens for S. typhimurium, 476
Antibiotic resistanceanaerobic transfer from P. aeruginosa, 1yogurt starter cultures, 862
Antibody production against aflatoxin B,goats versus rabbits, 678
Antitumor agentsmicrobial transformations, 741
Aquatic microbial communities, nucleotide measure-ments
effects of alkaline phosphatase activity, 549Arctic lake sediments
lignocellulose mineralization, 32Aromatic acids, 14C labeled
degradation by F. solani, 376Arthrobotrys amerospora
influence of metals on collagenase, 694Aspergillus
aflatoxin release inhibition, 352growth inhibition, 352
Aspergillus alliaceushydroxylated ellipticines, 741
Aspergillus fumigatusexamination of mycelia, 145melanin degradation, 145
Aspergillus parasiticusaflatoxin B, and GI production, 333influence of inoculum size on aflatoxin production,
989Aspergillus parasiticus mutant
accumulation of VA and aflatoxin biosynthesis, 706Auxotrophic mutants, S. griseus
enrichment, 675
Bacillusdistribution of f8-glucanases, 1136
Bacillus thuringiensiseffect of Douglas fir terpenes, 301incorporation of fatty acid precursors, 166
VOL. 40, 1980
spore germination and outgrowth, 166Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki
entomocidal parasporal crystal, 897Bacteroides amylophilus
nutritional interdependence with M. elsdenii and R.albus, 294
Bacteroides fragilisglycoside hydrolase, 40
Bdellovibrios, marineincidence in Chesapeake Bay, 970lytic against V. parahaemolyticus, 970
Beef, irradiationinactivation of M-A cells, 480
Beef, rawestimation of E. coli, 346
Beef cattle wastemethane production, 217
Bentonite concentrationvirus recovery from wastewater sludges, 423
Benzoic acid derivativesinhibition of Aspergillus growth and aflatoxin re-
lease, 352Bifidobacterium
selective medium, 866Biodegradation rates
effects of adaptation, 726sediment/water cores, 726
Bone strength in chickensduring aflatoxicosis and ochratoxicosis, 102
Botulinal toxin, detectioncapillary tube immunodiffusion, 847
Botulism, type Bstability of type B toxin in bovine rumen, 161
Brackish watersmicrobial populations and environmental factors,48,55
Brine fermentation, soy sauceinteraction of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, 452
Brochothrix thermosphactainhibition of growth by lactic acid, 433
Broiler carcass skincontamination during commercial processing, 133SEM and TEM of structural changes, 133
Brown-rot fungicellulose degradation, 1145
Butenolideeffect of high-level, long-term oral intake, 1142
B vitaminsconcentrations in chicks with aflatoxicosis, 870
Cage culture turbidostatdetermination of algal growth rate, 318
Candida utiliscell morphology, 855
Capillary tube immunodiffusiondetection of botulinal toxin, 847
Carbon dioxideeffect on C. utilis cell morphology, 855
Carbon monoxideconsumption and production by soil, 437
Carbon monoxide consumption
SUBJECT INDEX v
role of microorganisms, 437Carbon monoxide production
role of microorganisms, 437Carbon utilization
thiosulfate-oxidizing marine heterotrophs, 516Cell envelope, Escherichia colidamage caused by stress in water, 386
Cellulose degradationby cellulose-clearing and non-cellulose-clearing
brown-rot fungi, 1145Charge-modified filterscontaminant removal, 892
Cheese manufactureappearance of lytic phages, 492
Chemoautotrophic microorganisms, ammonia-oxidiz-ing
nitrous oxide production, 1060Chickens, broiler
intestinal fragility during ochratoxicosis and aflatox-icosis, 641
salmonella isolation, 783Chlorine
virus inactivation, 249Chlorine inactivation of coxsackieviruses B3 and B5
in water, 633Chlorine in water
poliovirus inactivation, 381Chlorine resistance
poliovirus isolants, 1115Cholesterol
in growth of M. pneumoniae, 391Cholesterol-brain agargrowth of sterol-reducing Eubacterium, 1130
Cholesterol-reducing Eubacterium, 1017Chromosomes, E. coli K-12
heat damage, 358Chrysophanol
mutagenicity in Salmonella/microsome system, 476Ciliates, rumen
association of methanogenic bacteria, 608Citrate utilization plasmids
distribution in Salmonella, 446Cladophora glomerata
fungal pathogen, 977Clostridium botulinum sporesheat resistance at aw, 0 to 0.9, 511
Clostridium botulinum toxinsruminal contents of cattle, 161stabilities, 161
Clostridium botulinum type Btoxin production, 1023
Clostridium cochleariumplasmid-controlled mercury biotransformation, 1007
Clostridium thermocellum ethanol toleranceeffect of growth temperature. 571
Clover, root hairsR, trifolii infection sites, 1094
C-1 metabolismfacultative methylotrophs, 352
Coliform enumerationcomparison of methods, 186
vi SUBJECT INDEX
sewage-contaminated drinking water, 186Coliform most-probable-number analysis
occurrence of false-positive results, 981shellfish and estuaries, 981
Coliformsin aerosols, 888R factors, 486
Collagenase activityA. amerospora, 694influence of heavy metals, 694
Collagenase productionnematode-trapping fungi, 567
Cometabolism in sewage, 917development of a method, 917
Contaminant removal from watercharge-modified filters, 892
Cooling tower waterL. pneumophila isolation, 849
Corn silagegrown on land fertilized with sewage sludge, 285salmonella in goats, 285
Coxsackieviruses B3 and B5inactivation in water by chlorine, 633
Cranefly gut tracts, bacteria associated with, 408Crassostrea commercialispathogenic bacteria, 994
Crude oilseffect on glucose utilization by marine bacteria, 341
Cucumbers, brinedsoftening of pickles caused by molds, 417
Cyanobacteria, N2 fixingresponse to salt, 689
Cyathus stercoreus (Schw.) de Tonilignocellulose decomposition, 169
Cysts, Giardiaultrastructure, 821
Deep-sea benthic macrofaunagut microflora, 746
Degradation, anaerobichot spring algal mats, 67
Degradation of dichloromethane, 95016a-Dehydroxylase
isolation of organisms that synthesize, 80316a-Dehydroxylating bacteria, 803Delayed secondary enrichment
salmonella isolation, 783Denitrification
acetylene inhibition method, 235in low pH soils, 235
Desulfotomaculum nigrificans sporesheat resistance, 721in soy protein infant formulas, 721
Desulfovibrio sp., H2-utilizingisolation of S. wolinii sp. nov. gen. nov. in coculture,
626Detrital lignocelluloses
mineralization, 735Detrital microbial biomass
adenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539Detritus, allochthonous
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
effects on microbiota of estuarine gammaridean am-phipod grazing, 659
Dichloromethanebacterial degradation, 950dehalogenation assay with resting cells, 950
Digestion, bacteriallegume leaves, 613
Disinfectantsagainst waterborne L. pneumophila, 697effect on pathogenic free-living amoebae, 62
Diversity measurementmicrobial communities, 578
Douglas fir terpeneseffect on microorganisms, 301
Douglas fir tussock moth larvaemodification of terpenes, 959
Drinking watercoliform enumeration, 186sewage contaminated, 186
Dry sausage productionlactic acid bacteria, 472
Ecosystems, naturalprocedure to demonstrate cometabolism, 917
Eggs, washed and unwashedbacterial isolates, 710
Egg washers, commercialbacterial isolates, 710
Electropositive filterspoliovirus concentration, 201
Ellipticines, hydroxylateduse of solubilizing agents to improve yields, 741yields by A. alliaceus, 741
Emulsifiersand interferon response, 787enhancement of susceptibility to EMC virus, 787
Encephalomyocarditis virusin emulsifier-exposed cells, 787interferon response in emulsifier-exposed cells, 787
Endotoxin detection and quantitationLimulus amoebocyte lysate assay, 533
Endotoxins in meatsdirect serial dilution and MPN methods, 177
Endotoxin standardspotencies measured by LAL and USP rabbit py-
rogen tests, 1148Enrichment cultures, oxalate degrading, 840Enteric viruses
interactions in soils, 92survival in soil, 92
Enterobacter cloacaegrowth in 25% SDS, 973
Enterobacteriasurvival in feces buried in soil, 794
Enterotoxin productionY. enterocolitica in milk, 174
Enterotoxin screeningimmunodiffusion method, 1080staphylococcal isolates, 1080
Enterovirusessurvival in rapid-infiltration basins, 192
SUBJECT INDEX Vii
thermostabilization by estuarine sediment, 305Envelope glycoproteins
purification by glass wool column chromatography,240
WEE virus, 240Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
aflatoxin B, quantitation, 1027Epiphytic microflora
in wheat and alfalfa silages, 1122SEM, 1122
Epstein-Barr virusesgrowth and concentration method, 1044
Erwinia amylovorafine structure of EPS, 596
Escherichia colicell envelope damage, 386effect of pesticides on lipids, 231elevated-temperature method for estimation, 346environmental isolates, 756in raw ground beef, 346mutation induced by drying, 274protozoan and bacterial predation, 907pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography, 462R-plasmid transfer, 756survival in buried feces, 794survival in estuarine water, 907variable gas production, 309
Escherichia coli cellselectrochemical method for detection, 852
Escherichia coli folded chromosomeheat damage, 358
Estuariestotal coliform MPN analysis, 981
Estuarine gammaridean amphipodseffects of grazing on allochthonous detritus micro-
biota, 659Estuarine sediment
enterovirus thermostabilization, 305Estuarine sediment Eh
effect on hydrocarbon degradation, 365Estuarine sediment pH
effect on hydrocarbon degradation, 365Estuarine water
E. coli survival, 907Ethanolfrom sugar cane using EX-FERM, 466
Ethanol tolerance, C. thermocellumeffect of growth temperature, 571
Eubacterium, cholesterol reducing, 1017growth on cholesterol-brain agar, 1130
EX-FERM techniqueethanol from sugar cane, 466
Extracellular polymer extractioncomparison of methods, 179
Extracellular polysaccharideE. amylovora, 596fine structure, 596
Factor analysismicrobial communities, 55
Facultative methanotrophs, new, 400
Fatty acid precursors, specificB. thuringiensis spore germination and outgrowth,
166Fatty acids, E. coli
effect of pesticides, 231Fecal bacteria
16a-dehydroxylating, 803Fecal coliformsR factors, 486
Feces, buriedsurvival of enterobacteria, 794
Fernentation conditionsC. botulinum type B toxin production, 1023
Filter membrane, hydrophobicdrying of E. coli, 274
Filters, charge-modifiedcontaminant removal, 892
Filtration techniquefor concentrating and harvesting bacteria, 269
Fish intestinal contentsHg methylation, 770
Flavobacterium rigenseL-glutamine production by a mutant, 19
Fluorometric determinationadenosine nucleotide derivatives, 539
Forage grassesattack on lignified tissues, 809isolation of a bacterium that attacks tissues, 809
Freshwater sedimentsmethane release, 287
Frozen seafood, retailmicrobiological quality, 765
Fungi, brown-rotcellulose degradation, 1145
Fungi, nematode-trappingcollagenase production, 567
Fusarium solanilignin degradation, 376
Gammaridean amphipods, estuarineeffects of grazing on allochthonous detritus micro-
biota, 659Gas-liquid chromatography, pyrolysis
effect of growth conditions, 462Gastrointestinal tract, fishHg methylation, 770
Gas vacuolesH. salinarum, 984
Gas variabilityE. coli, 309
Gel diffusionnon-immunological precipitation by Triton X-100,
1139Gene transfer, conjugalgroup N streptococci, 84
Giardia lamblia cystselectron microscopy, 821water treatment plant for removal, 821
Glass wool column chromatographypurification of WEE virus proteins, 240
f?-Glucanase
VOL. 40, 1980
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
occurrence in Bacillus spp., 1136Glucose utilization by marine bacteria
effects of crude oils, 341L-Glutamine production
fermentation method, 19F. rigense penicillin-resistant mutant, 19
Glycogen phosphorylase systemduring ochratoxicosis in chickens, 522
Glycoside hydrolasesB. fragilis, 40purification, 40
Goatsantibody production against aflatoxin B,, 678
Group F organismscharacterization, 715
Group N streptococcirestriction and modification, 492
Growth rate, algaecage culture turbidostat, 318
Gut microflora, deep seabarotolerance, 746species composition, 746
Gut tracts, craneflybacteria associated with, 408
Halobacterium salinaruminteractions between light and gas vacuoles, 984UV light as plasmid-curing agent, 984
Harvesting, bacteriaimproved technique, 269
Heat damageeffect on E. coli nucleoid, 358
Heat resistanceC. botulinum spores, 511D. nigrificans spores, 721
Heavy metal pollutioneffects on oak leaf microorganisms, 1053
Heterotrophs, marinecarbon utilization, 516
Histosolsmicrobial activity, 313oxidation of soil organic matter, 313
Hydrocarbon degradationeffect of pH and Eh, 365
Hydroextractionsecond step in rotavirus concentration, 1133
Hydrogen peroxideeffect on urinary tract pathogens, 337
Hyperbaric bacterial aerosolsinfection of mice, 80
Ileal loop dose, effectiveKanagawa-positive V. parahaemolyticus, 1012
Immunodiffusionenterotoxin screening, 1080
Increased risk of legionellosis, 114Induction, lipaseM. hiemalis, 257
Infant formulas, soy proteinD. nigrificans spores, 721
Iron in Sphaerotilusdistribution and inhibition, 1049
Irradiation, beefinactivation of M-A cells, 480
Islandicinmutagenicity in Salmonella/microsome system, 476
Isolation medium, newpropicnibacteria, 1100
Klebsiella pneumoniae aerosolsinfection of mice, 80
Laccase, extracellularcolorimetric assay, 1003P. anceps, 1003
Lactic acidB. thermosphacta inhibition, 433
Lactic acid bacteriastarter cultures in dry sausage production, 472
Lactic acid bacteria, osmophilicinteraction with yeasts in soy sauce fermentation,452
Lactic streptococcal phagesmedia and methods for assay, 798
Lactic streptococciassay of phages, 798prophage curing, 964
Lactobacillus bulgaricusantibiotic resistance, 862
Lactobacillus lactispurification of aminopeptidase, 876
Lactulosecompared with sucrose, 171inhibition of bacteria, 171potential humectant for foods, 171
Legionella pneumophilafrom seeded cooling tower water, 849procedure for isolation, 849
Legionella pneumophila, waterbornedisinfectants against, 697
Legionellosis, riskair-conditioning maintenance personnel, 114
Legume leavesdigestion by rumen bacteria, 613
Lignified grass cell wallsattack by an anaerobic bacterium, 809
Lignins, "C labeleddegradation by F. solani, 376
Lignocellulose decompositionby C. stercoreus (Schw.) de Toni, 169
Lignocellulose mineralizationarctic lake sediments, 32
Lignocelluloses, detritalmineralization, 735
Limulus amoebocyte lysate assayendotoxin in small-volume parenteral product, 533endotoxins in meats, 177potencies of four reference endotoxins, 1148
Lipase inductionM. hiemalis, 257
viii SUBJECT INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX ix
Lobster tail, frozenmicrobiological quality, 765
Lytic bacteriophagesalteration of host specificity, 326appearance during cheese manufacture, 492effect of heat on development, 492S. cremoris, 326
Macrotetrolidedegradation in soil, 264
Magnetic spirillumnitrate dissimilation, 429
Marine bacteriaglucose utilization and effects of crude oils, 341
Marine heterotrophscarbon utilization, 516
Meat productsM. bovis inactivation, 282
Megasphaera elsdeniinutritional interdependence with B. amylophila and
R. albus, 294Melanin degradationA. fumigatus, 145
Membrane adsorption-elution methodconcentration of bacteria, 912
Membrane filterscoliform enumeration, 186
Membrane filtration-electrochemical microbial detec-tion methods, 852
Mercury biotransformation, plasmid controlledC. cochlearium, 1007
Mercury methylationby fish intestinal contents, 770in lake water and sediment, 776
Metabolic inhibitorsY. enterocolitica recovery from thermal injury, 939
Metabolism, in vitroT-2 toxin in rats, 901
Metalimnetic layer, 0. rubescensphysiological changes, 681
Metals, heavyinfluence on nematode-trapping fungi, 694
Methane productioneffect of retention time, 217effect of temperature, 217from beef cattle waste, 217
Methane releasein situ and in vitro rates, comparison, 287
Methanogenic bacteriaassociation with rumen ciliates, 608
Methanotrophs, new facultative, 400Methylation, mercuryby fish intestinal contents, 770in lake water and sediment, 776
MethylotrophsC-1 metabolism, 370enzyme regulation, 370
Microbial biomassadenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539
Microbial biomass, physiological statusadenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539
Microbial communitiesdiversity measurement, 578
Microbial populations inbrackish waters, 48, 55factor analysis, 55
Microfouling microbial biomassadenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539
Mineralizationdetrital lignocelluloses, 735
Mineralization, lignocellulosearctic lake sediments, 32
Molds in brined cucumbers, 417Molecular filtration
poliovirus concentration in water, 426Monensin
effect on artificial rumen fermentation characteris-tics, 672
Moniliformineffect of high-level
long-term oral intake, 1142Moraxella-Acinetobacter cells
inactivation in an irradiation process, 480Most-probable-number analysis, coliforms
occurrence of false-positive results, 981shellfish and estuaries, 981
Most-probable-number methodcoliform enumeration, 186
MPN mediumnew selective medium for Bifidobacterium, 866
Mucor hiemalislipase induction, 257
Mutation inductionby drying of E. roli, 274
Mycobacterium bovisinactivation in meat products, 282
Mycoplasma pneumoniae growthcholesterol as limiting factor, 391
Naegleriaeffect of disinfectants, 62
Negative enrichmentfor L. pneumophila isolation, 849
Nematode-trapping fungicollagenase activity, 694collagenase production, 567influence of heavy metals, 694trap formation, 694
N2 fixationsalt tolerance, 689
N2-fixing Anabaena bloomphysiological adaptations to environmental stress,
587N2-fixing cyanobacteria
response to salt, 689Nitrate dissimilationmagnetic spirillum MS-1, 429
Nitrate reductioninhibition by tungstate, 163
Nitrifier populationsnitrification in organic soils, 75
Nitrifying bacteria
VOL. 40, 1980
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
NO2- and N20 production, 526Nitrogenase
effect of rice, 507Nitrous oxide production
ammonia-oxidizing chemoautotrophic microorga-nisms in soil, 1060
N20 productionnitrifying bacteria, 526
N02- productionnitrifying bacteria, 526
n-Tetracosanegrowth of pseudomonad UP-2, 1086
Nucleotide measurements, aquatic microbial com-munities
effects of alkaline phosphatase activity, 549
Oak leaf microorganismseffects of heavy metal pollution, 1053
Ochratoxicosisbone strength, evaluation, 102glycogen phosphorylase inhibition, 522
Ochratoxicosis, broiler chickensintestinal fragility, 641
Ochratoxin Aprotein kinase inhibition, 522
Organic soils, nitrificationvariation in nitrifier populations, 75
Oscillatoria rubescensphysiological changes within metalimnetic layer, 681
Oxalate degradation, anaerobic, 840Oxalate-degrading bacteria, rumen, 833enrichment procedures for isolation, 833
Oxygen concentration, reducedN02- and N20 production by nitrifying bacteria, 526
Oysterspathogenic bacteria, 994re-laying and depuration, 994storage at ambient temperature, 994
Parasporal crystal, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstakirocket immunoelectrophoresis, 897
Parenteral product, small-volumeLimulus amoebocyte lysate assay for endotoxin, 533
Particle-bound bacteriasalt marsh environment, 156
Pathogenic free-living amoebaeeffect of disinfectants, 62
Penicillium biformesource of rugulovasines A and B, 685
Penicillium rubrumsource of rugulovasines A and B, 685
Pesticideseffect on lipids from E. coli, 231
pHgas variability in E. coli, 309
Phenolic antioxidantseffect on aflatoxin B, mutagenicity, 1039
Phospholipids, E. colieffect of pesticides, 231
Photometer-nephelometer, multichannel, 458
monitoring of transmitted or scattered light inten-sity, 458
Pickles, air-purgedsoftening caused by molds, 417
Polioviruschlorine resistance, 1115concentration by molecular filtration, 426in water, 426retention in soil cores, 1032
Poliovirus concentrationelectropositive filters, 201from tap water, 201
Poliovirus single particlesinactivation by chlorine in water, 381
Polyethylene glycol dehydrogenasein PEG metabolism, 701purification and characterization, 701
Polyethylene glycol metabolisminvolvement of PEG dehydrogenase, 701
Polymers, extracellularcomparison of extraction methods, 179
Polyporus ancepsextracellular laccase, 1003
Potable waterstandard plate count bacteria, 922
Poultry carcassescourse of contamination, 133
Precipitation, non-immunologicalby Triton X-100, 1139in agar gel diffusion, 1139
Predation, bacterial and protozoanon E. coli, 907
Predation, protozoanon Rhizobium spp., 500
Proficiency test sample mediawater pollution indicator bacteria, 883
Prophage curinglactic streptococci, 964
Propionate-degrading bacterium, anaerobic, 626Propionibacteriafrom human facial skin, 1100new isolation medium, 1100
Pseudomonad UP-2growth on n-tetracosane, 10863P incorporation, 1086
Pseudomonas aeruginosaanaerobic transfer of antibiotic resistance from, 1
Pseudomonas putidapyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography, 462
Psychrotrophic achromobactersidentification, 1106
Pteridinescatabolism by intestinal organisms, 244
Purinescatabolism by intestinal organisms, 244
Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatographyeffect of growth conditions, 462Y. enterocolitica virulence prediction, 646
Rabbitsantibody production against aflatoxin B,, 678
x SUBJECT INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX Xi
Radioactive wastemicrobial activity, 108
Radiometric methodSalmonella in foods, 223
Rapid-infiltration basinsenterovirus survival, 192
Respiring bacteriasalt marsh environment, 156
Reticulitermes flavipes termitesuric acid degradation, 125uricolytic bacteria in guts, 117
R factorsin coliform and Salmonella populations of a river,486
Rhizobiumjaponicumdiversity of indigenous populations, 931
Rhizobium phaseolichanges after Rhizobium sp. inoculation, 500
Rhizobium spp.protozoan predation, 500
Rhizobium trifoliiinfection sites on root hairs, 1094
Rhizopusjavanicuscomparison of two alcohol dehydrogenases, 967
Rhizosphere nitrogenaseeffect of rice, 507
Rice plantseffect on nitrogenase, 507
River watercoliformns and Salmonella spp., 486
Rocket immunoelectrophoresisB. thuringiensis parasporal crystal, 897
Root hairs, white cloverR. trifolii infection sites, 1094
Rotavirus concentrationtrypsin treatment and hydroextraction, 1133
R plasmidswaterborne dissemination, 756
R-plasmid transferfrom environmental E. coli, 756Z. mobilis, 7
Rugulovasines A and BP. rubrum and P. biforme as sources, 685
Rumen, artificialeffect of monensin, 672fermentation characteristics, 672
Rumen bacteriadigestion of legume leaves, 613inhibition of nitrate reduction by tungstate, 163nutritional interdependence, 294oxalate degrading, 833, 840
Rumen ciliatesassociation of methanogenic bacteria, 608
Ruminal contents, cattlestability of C. botulinum type B and C toxins, 161
Ruminococcus albusnutritional interdependence with B. amylophila andM. elsdenii, 294
Saline environmentresponse of N2-fixing cyanobacteria, 689
Salmonellacitrate utilization plasmids, 446
Salmonellaedelayed secondary enrichment for isolation, 783from broiler chickens, 783incidence in fecal samples of swine, 562
Salmonella infectionin corn silage, 285use of sewage sludge as fertilizer, 285
Salmonella in foodsrapid radiometric method, 223
Salmonella/microsome systemmutagenicity of islandicin and chrysophanol, 476
Salmonella spp.R factors, 486
Salmonella typhimnuriumsurvival in buried feces, 794
Salt marsh environmentparticle-bound and unattached respiring bacteria,
156Salt marsh sediment microflora
detrital lignocellulose mineralization, 735Sausage, dry
lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures, 472Sausages, fermented
staphylococcal thermonuclease on casings, 13SedimentHg methylation, 776
Sedimentary microbial biomassadenosine nucleotide derivatives as measures, 539
Sediment/water coresbiodegradation rates, 726estuarine and freshwater, 726
Serratia marcescens aerosols, 80Sewagecometabolism in, 917
Sewage sludge-fertilized landsalmonella in corn silage, 285
Shellfishtotal coliform MPN analysis, 981
Shrimp, frozenmicrobiological quality, 765
Silage, wheat and alfalfaepiphytic microflora, 1122
Skin, humanisolation of propionibacteria, 1100
Sodium dodecyl sulfategrowth of E. cloacae, 973
SoilCO consumption and production, 437macrotetrolide degradation, 264
Soil corespoliovirus retention, 1032
Soil materials in sewagevirus interactions and survival, 92
Soil moisturemicrobial activity in Histosols, 313
Soil organic matteraerobic and anaerobic catabolism, 313oxidation in Histosols, 313
Soils, flooded
VOL. 40, 1980
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
effect of rice on nitrogenase, 507Soils, low pH
denitrification, 235Soils, organic
nitrifier populations, 75Solid waste recovery system
coliforms in aerosols, 888Solubilizing agentsimproved yields of ellipticines, 741
Soybean fieldsR. japonicum populations, 931
Soy protein infant formulasD. nigrificans spores, 721
Soy saucebrine fermentation, 452
Sphaerotilusiron distribution and associated inhibition, 1049
Spirillum, magneticnitrate dissimilation, 429
Spore concentrationsaflatoxin production by A. parasiticus, 989
Standard plate count bacteriafrom drinking and untreated surface waters, 922rapid identification scheme, 922
Staphylococcal thermonucleaseon fermented-sausage casings, 13
Staphylococciscreening for enterotoxin, 1080
Staphylococcus aureuspyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography, 462
Sterol-reducing Eubacteriumagar medium, 1130
Streptococci, group Ngene transfer, 84restriction and modification, 492
Streptococci, lacticassay of phages, 798
Streptococcus agalactiaebranched-chain amino acid transport, 25
Streptococcus cremorislytic phages, 326prophage curing, 964
Streptococcus lactisprophage curing, 964
Streptococcus thermophilusantibiotic resistance, 862
Streptomyces griseusenrichment of auxotrophic mutants, 675
Stress in waterE. coli cell envelope, 386
Sucroseantimicrobial effects, compared with lactulose, 171
Sugar caneethanol from, 466
Swineincidence of salmonellae in fecal samples, 562
Syntrophobacter wolinii sp. nov. gen. nov.from methanogenic ecosystems, 626isolation in coculture with Desulfovibrio sp., 626proprionate degrading, 626
Tap watermethod for concentration of bacteria from large
volumes, 912Temperature cycling
aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus, 333Termite guts
uric acid-degrading bacteria, 117Terpene modification
significance of moth gut microflora, 959Terpenes
effect on microorganisms, 301Terpenes, dietary
action of Douglas fir tussock moth larvae, 959Thermal injury
recovery using metabolic inhibitors, 939Y. enterocolitica, 939
Thermonuclease, staphylococcalon casings of fermented sausages, 13
Thermostabilizationenteroviruses, 305
Thermothrix thioparaautotrophic cultivation, 211growth and metabolism, 211
Tipula abdominalisbacteria associated with the gut tract, 408
Toxin, Clostridium botulinum type B, 1023Trench leachatesfrom radioactive waste disposal sites, 108microbial activity, 108
Triton X-100non-immunological precipitation in gel diffusion,
1139Trypsin treatment
rotavirus concentration from cell cultures, 1133T-2 toxinmetabolism in rats, 901
Tungstateinhibition of nitrate reduction, 163
Uric acid-degrading bacteriaguts of termites, 117, 125
Uricolysis, anaerobictermite gut bacteria, 125
Uricolytic gut bacteria of termites, 117Urinary tract pathogens
effect of H202, 337USP rabbit pyrogen test
potencies of four reference endotoxins, 1148
Versicolorin Abiosynthesis, 706role of VHA in biosynthesis, 706
Versiconal hemiacetal acetaterole in VA biosynthesis, 706
Vibrio parahaemolyticuseffective ileal loop dose, 1012marine bdellovibrios lytic against, 970
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, virulent and avirulentstrains
adherence as differentiation method, 652
SUBJECT INDEX
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
Vibrios, group Fcharacteristics, 715from polluted coastal waters, 715
Virulence prediction, Y. enterocoliticapyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography, 646
Virulent and avirulent V. parahaemolyticus strainsadherence as differentiation method, 652
Viruses, Epstein-Barrgrowth and concentration method, 1044
Virus inactivationby chlorine, 249
Virus recoverybentonite concentration procedure, 423from wastewater sludges, 423
Virus survival in soil, 1067effect of soil moisture, 1067effect of temperature, 1067
Virus susceptibilityenhanced by emulsifiers, 787
Wastewater sludgesvirus recovery, 423
Waterchlorine inactivation of coxsackieviruses B3 and B5,
633Water, drinking
chlorine-resistant poliovirus isolants, 1115Water, lakeHg methylation, 776
Water activityand heat resistance of C. botulinum, 511
Water pollution indicator bacteriaproficiency test sample media, 883
Western equine encephalitis proteinspurification by glass wool column chromatography,
240Wheat silage
epiphytic microflora, 1122White rot fungus from cattle dung
lignocellulose decomposition, 169
Yeast morphologyeffect of aeration and CO2, 855
Yeastsinteraction with lactic acid bacteria in soy sauce
fermentation, 452Yersinia enterocoliticathermal injury, 939
Yersinia enterocolitica in milkenterotoxin production, 174thermal resistance, 174
Yersinia enterocolitica virulence prediction pyrolysisgas-liquid chromatography, 646
Yogurt starter culturesantibiotic resistance, 862
Zymomonas mobilisR-plasmid transfer, 7
SUBJECT INDEX...
APPLIED AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
MICROBIOLOGY
VOLUME 40
WASHINGTON, DC 20006
1980
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGY
VOLUME 40 0 1980
EDITORIAL BOARDJames M. Tiedje, Editor-in-Chief (1985)Michigan State University, East Lansing
Robert T. Belly, Editor (1984)Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester, N. Y.
R. H. Deibel, Editor (1981)University of Wisconsin, Madison
A. L. Demain, Editor (1981)Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
Martin S. Favero, Editor (1985)Centerfor Disease Control,
Phoenix, Ariz.
Robert B. Hespell, Editor (1985)University of Illinois, Urbana
Bernard J. Abbott (1980)Martin Alexander (1980)Milton J. Allison (1980)Ronald Atlas (1980)Richard Bartha (1982)Joan W. Benett (1981)Merln Bergdli (1981)Martha D. Beriner (1980)Thomas L. Bott (1980)Charles Boylen (1982)Thomas Brock (1980)Lee A. Bulla, Jr. (1980)Lloyd B. Bullerman (1980)Victor Cabelli (1982)Paul E. Came (1982)Tom D. Y. Chin (1980)Alex Ciegler (1980)Richard T. J. Clarke (1981)Michael A. Cole (1982)Rita R. Colweil (1980)Richard A. Cons4gl (1982)Joseph J. Cooney (1980)Fra Dazzo (1982)Steven W. Drew (1981)Richard Elander (1982)Beatrice Eland (1980)Jerald C. Ensig (1980)Douglas Eveleigh (1982)Carl B. Fliermans (1981)Heinz G. Floss (1980)Dennis Focht (1982)
Edwin E. Geldreich (1982)Charles Gerba (1982)Richard E. Goldstrand (1982)Reinaldo F. Gomez (1982)C. P. Leslie Grady, Jr. (1982)Charles Hagedorn III (1982)Bnrce Hamilton (1981)Paul A. Hartman (1980)Melvin T. Hatch (1981)Charles W. Hendricks (1980)John C. Hoff (1982)David H. Hubbel (1981)John J. landolo (1980)John Johnson (1982)David M. Karl (1982)Edward Katz (1982)Michael J. King (1980)Roger Knowles (1982)Paul Lemke (1982)Carol Lltchfield (1980)Gordon A. McFeters (1981)Prakash Masurekar (1982)Joseph L. Melnick (1980)Terry L. Miller (1982)Richard Morita (1982)Claude H. Nash (1981)Betty H. Olson (1982)Ronaid Oremland (1982)Eidor A. Paul (1980)Frederick C. Pearson (1982)
W. 0. Pipes (1981)Hap Pritchard (1982)Donald J. Reasoner (1982)C. A."Reddy (1982)Douglas Rbons (1982)Antono H. Romano (1980)John P. Rosazza (1982)Harry Rosenberg (1982)Dwayne Savage (1982)Robert D. Schwartz (1982)Olrich K. Sebek (1980)John McN. Sklbrth (1981)Wiliam H. Sperber (1980)James T. Staley (1980)Hiroshi Suglyama (1981)Anne 0. Summers (1982)Jon H. Tuttle (1980)Claude Vezina (1982)Edward Voss (1981)D. 1. C. Wang (1981)David White (1982)William J. Wiebe (1980)Fred D. Williams (1980)R. P. Williams (1981)G. N. Wogan (1980)Alan G. Wolin (1980)Meyer J. WolIn (1982)Willam Yotls (1982)Stanley A. Zahler (1982)Alexander Zehnder (1982)
Giseila Poilock, Acting Managing EditorCheryl Cross, Production Editor
1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006
Albert Balows, President (1980-1981)J. Mebsen Joseph, Secretary
Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240), apublication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 1 St.,NW, Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the advancementand dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecologicalknowledge, both applied and fundamental, concerning microor-ganisms. Instructions to Authors are published in the Januaryissue each year. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is pub-lished monthly, two volumes per year. The nonmember subscrip-tion price is $70 per year. The member subscription price is $17per year. Single copies are $6.00. Correspondence relating tosubscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints, defective copies,availability of back issues, and lost or late proofs should bedirected to the ASM Publications Office, 1913 I St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20006 (area 202-833-9680).
E}oM*/ll 19X56 A,J'- -t N f*$;cI 14t.
Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20006, and at
EX OFFICIOFrederick C. NeWlhardt, President-Elect (1980-1981)
Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer
additional mailing offices.Made in the United States of America.Copyright i) 1980, American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.
The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center, Inc., P.O. Box 765, Schenectady, New York 12301,for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ofthe U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to otherkinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, foradvertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collectiveworks, or for resale.
INDEX TO DATE OF ISSUE
Month Date of Issue Pages
July 25 July 1980 1-178August 28 August 1980 179-431September 24 September 1980 433-687October 20 October 1980 689-854November 17 November 1980 855-988December 16 December 1980 989-1151
The new-v third edlitioin of the classic laboratory imanual,
[Manual ofClinical Microbiologyis now., available.
Edited by: Edwin H. Lennette,AlbertBalows, WilliamJ. Hausler,Jr.,Joseph P. Truant
MCM3 is the result ofintensive up-dating and revision. This new editionwill be indispensable to the clinicalmicrobiologist, graduate and under-graduate student, medical tech-nologist, clinical pathologist, and toall clinical laboratorv personnel.
Published and dAstributed hi':American Society, for Microbiology1913 I Street, NWIVXVa>hington. DC 20006
July 1980.1,047 pages. Fulyillustrated. Clothbound (ISBN:0-914826-24-7), $25.00; ($18.00 toASM Members). Flexible binding(ISBN: 0-914826-26-3), $21.00;($15.00 to ASM Members). Mem-bers ofthe Society mtust remit pay-ment with orders, and books sold tomembers arefor personal use only.All ordersffrom overseas must bepr epaid.
American Societyfor Microbiology
INDEX TO ADVERTISER
Page
Cover 2* American Optical Corporation
* Difco Laboratories Cover 4
* Nalge Company
* Sustaining Member. American Society for Microbiology.Advertising in this journal is limited to products and services helleved to he of interest to the readers. However. A.S;M does
not te.st nor examninle advertised prodLICtcs nor claimis related thereto. TI herefore. ASM endorsement or approval of advertisedproducts should n-iot he inlf'erredl.
i