“applications of reclaimed asphalt...

CONFERENCE

“Applications of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement”Ożarów Mazowiecki, Poland

tecnotest ® S.r.l.via E. De Nicola, 31

41122 Modena (ITALY)

Tel: +39 059-252025

Fax: +39 059-253848 www.tecnotest.it [email protected]

Pierpaolo ViolaR&D tecnotest ®

22-24 September 2010

EMELPrzedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Handlowe S.C.

04-320 Warszawa ul.Pokrzywnicka 12

tel./fax +48 22 408 33 28 GSM +48 602 28 68 59

[email protected]

www.emel.info.pl

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.emel.info.pl/

tecnotest ®MODENA - ITALY

2

tecnotest designs and manufacturersbuilding materials testing equipment andgeotechnical testing equipment that areknown and appreciated worldwide.

It was founded in 1968 and it is located inModena ITALY.

After more than 40 years in manufacturing, we appreciate that there are justas many challenges today as in the past: our long experience, combined withour new ideas and technological innovations, is fundamental to our mission.

We believe that: “using quality testing equipment pays in the long term...”

The elephant just happens to have all the qualities oftecnotest’s most important products: precision, strength, longmemory and a long life...

...by the way, 42 years, that’s young for an elephant!


tecnotest has a comprehensive range of products for satisfying allconstruction needs, including:

Material testing equipment for aggregates, concrete, cement, asphalt, steeland rock.

Equipment for site investigations, geotechnical/soil tests andpenetrometers.

Mobile laboratories.

3


The one which guarantees

the best solution andthe best performance

at the lowest cost...

4

5

Fundamental/Input Factors


Infrastructure type

Pavement type

Asphalt mix type

Environment

Temperature

Frost

Thaw

Moisture

Expected lifetime

Traffic load type

Load repetition

Traffic distribution

Vehicle speed

And many others...

6tecnotest ®MODENA - ITALY

Fatigue (Alligator) Cracking

Rutting

Thermal Cracking

Longitudinal Cracking

Joint Reflection Cracking

Block Cracking

Potholes

Patching

Depression

Corrugation and Shoving

Raveling

Slippage Cracking

Stripping

Bleeding

Water bleeding and pumping

Polished Aggregate

And many others...

Aggregates Gradation and Size

Toughness and Abrasion Resistance

Durability and Soundness

Particle Shape and Surface Texture

Aggregate Specific Gravity

Cleanliness and Deleterious Materials

Moisture Content

Asphalt binder Durability

Rheology

Safety

Purity

Penetration Grading

Viscosity Grading

Superpave Performance Grading


High quality materials Large amount required

Words like recycle, reclaim and reuse have to be central in road pavements asin any other field

Improvement of new recycling technologies is fundamental for many reasons:environment, economy, society...

It is important not to waste materials with high quality features...

...but at the same time it is important to choose the best materials andsolution in regards to the real use in order not to spoil their performance



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The MARSHALL Mix Design Method

The basic concepts of the Marshallmix design method were originallydeveloped around 1939

It was developed to be simple, light,quick, and reasonably accurate for thewheel loading of the time

Since then it has been modified andsupplemented to address new concernsbut the basic testing apparatus andselection criteria remain the same

It is fundamental to test materials under conditions whichsimulate the real ones:

performance based mix designand performance models



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SPECIFICATIONS

Advanced testing for roadmaterials: from hot mix asphaltto unbound materials and soilspecimens

Electro-hydraulic closed loopsystem

Integrated direct digital servocontrol

25 kN static and dynamicload capacity

Frequencies up to 60 Hz

Accurate and easy to usesoftware and electronics

Meets the newest AASHTO(Superpave), ASTM, EUROPEAN(EN 12697) standards

Environmental chamber with‐20°C to +80°C range

Modular design


12


13

)EE(*E

sin*EE

cos *EE

iEEisincos*EE*

2

2

2

1

2

1

21


Real part

Imaginary Part

Stiffness Modulusσ0= max Stress

ε0 = max Strain

ω = 2πf = angular velocity

φ = ωt = phase angle

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Kelvin Model: linear visco-elastic behavior E* Complex Modulus

0

0

ii

0

0

0

0

*E

e*Ee)t(sen

)t(sen

)t(

)t(*E

0

10

20

30

40

50

0,1 1 10 100

φ (°)

Frequency (Hz)

φ Phase Angle - Isothermal curve

10 °C

20 °C

30 °C


15

100

1000

10000

100000

0,1 1 10 100

IE*I

(M

pa)

Frequency (Hz)

IE*I modulus - Isothermal curve

10 °C

20 °C

30 °C

Test performed at differenttemperatures (°C)

Test performed at differentfrequencies (Hz)

Test modulus and phase angleresults at different frequencies areplotted at each test temperature

100

1000

10000

100000

0,1 1 10 100

IE*I

(M

pa)

Frequency (Hz)

IE*I modulus - Isothermal curve

10 °C

20 °C

30 °C

Master Curve at 20 °C

100

1000

10000

100000

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Frequency (Hz)

IE*I

(Mp

a)

MC

10 °C

30 °C

Master Curve at 20 °C

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Frequency (Hz)

log IE*I

(Mp

a)

Model

Data


16

Fr)logγ(βe1

αδE*log

δ = minimum test data valueδ+α = maximum test data valueβ, γ = shape factors


17

The fatigue properties of the AC mixes determine how long thepavement will be functional

Cracks initiate at the location of the critical tensile strains andstresses

The Beam Flexural Fatigue apparatus is designed to perform flexuraltests on the AC beam specimens, in a controlled environment

The objective is to predict the AC mixes fatigue behaviour over awide range of conditions from the results of a few tests

4PB

m

kk

1

1CN

EkN 32

Fatigue Equation:

Test factors:

temperature

load waveform

load frequency

Loading Modes:

apply loading cycles until initial stiffness isreduced by 50 %

constant strain (thin pavements)

constant stress (thick pavements)


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Number of Repetitions (N)

S/So -

Fle

xura

l Sti

ffness R

ati

o


w –

Dis

sip

ate

d E

nerg

y (

psi)


N*S

–Energ

y R

ati

o

Flexural Stiffness Ratio vs. Number ofRepetitions under controlled strain

Dissipated Energy vs. Number ofRepetitions under controlled strain

Energy Ratio N*S vs. Number of Repetitionsunder controlled strain

1 2

31

2

3

Preparation ofthe Specimens



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SPECIFICATIONS

Two in one: the Roller Compaction andWheel-Tracking Apparatus offers twosolutions in one machine, enabling slabs ofbituminous mixture to be produced atcontrolled density which can be subsequentlysubjected to the wheel tracking test

Closed-loop computer controlled system

The user interface is a touch screen

Vertical movement: servo-pneumatic system

Horizontal movement: electro-mechanicsystem

Climatic chamber with automatic thermo-regulation up to 60°C

Meets EN 12697–33 standard: “Specimenprepared by roller compactor”; method usinga roller running on vertical sliding steel plates

Meets EN 12697-22 standard: “Wheeltracking”; small size devices

Load actuator

RC coaxial disks

Sliding plates

Base frame

Mould

Ashpalt mixture


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22

Ashpalt mixture

WT wheel



The integration of the two functions is made possible by theparticular machine design (patented)

The novelty involves the form of the plates which are equipped withappendices at each side

The cylindrical roller is replaced with two coaxial disks. Theappendices constitute the rolling tracks for the two disks located justclear of the outer lateral edges of the mould

On removing the plates, the disks are lowered over the two outeredges of the mould, so contact between the bituminous mixture

surface and the wheel of the wheel-trackingapparatus is made


Preparation of specimens at a specified densityor voids content

Maximum vertical load 20 kN at 10 bar

Horizontal stroke 500 mm

Horizontal speed 250mm/sec

Test in closed-loop control

load control

displacement control

Slab dimension

length 500 mm; depth 260 mm; heightvariable

Automatic shutoff

preset specimen height

preset number of cycles

User defined procedure

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To investigate permanent deformation (rutting)

Constant vertical load 0.7 kN

Horizontal wheel stroke 230 mm

Horizontal movement frequency 26.5cycles/min

Temperature control up

to 60°C

Automatic shutoff preset rut depth

preset number of cycles

Automatic procedure Method A

1000 cycles or 15 mm Method B

10000 cycles or 20 mm

User defined procedure

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tecnotest ®

MODENA - ITALY

ROLLER COMPACTOR

Continuous load or deformation control in feedback determines an excellenthomogeneity of the slab produced

The kneading compaction and the confinement solve problems at the edges,avoid differential loads on the specimen and anomalous horizontal movementsin the mix mould

Preheated metal elements having enough thermal inertia maintain temperatureof the mixture more or less constant during the compacting phase

It is possible to set user defined procedures

WHEEL TRACKER

Continuous load control in feedback determines a procedure free from theeffects of inertia

It is possible to set user defined procedures (different load levels)

TOGETHER

Two in one: a convenient space and money saving system

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EMELPrzedsiębiorstwo Produkcyjno-Handlowe S.C.

04-320 Warszawa ul.Pokrzywnicka 12

tel./fax +48 22 408 33 28 GSM +48 602 28 68 59

[email protected]

www.emel.info.pl



Tel: +39 059-252025


Pierpaolo Viola - [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.emel.info.pl/

Thank you for your attention!



Tel: +39 059-252025


Pierpaolo Viola - [email protected]

The Importance

of Testing


tecnotest ®

MODENA - ITALY31

SILICON MANGANESE SLAG

Silicon manganese slag is a co-product from the iron alloy industry and hasuses in blended cements and as an aggregate.

Chemical Properties

SiO2 39.53% Al2O3 13.10%

Mn3O4 13.70% CaO 22.32%

K2O 1.68% Cr2O3 0.01%

ZrO2 0.03% TiO2 0.19%

Fe2O3 0.26% MgO 2.51%

Na2O 0.44% SO3 1.40%

SrO 0.38% BaO 2.38%

Physical and Mechanical Properties

tecnotest ®

MODENA - ITALY

80,0

82,0

84,0

86,0

88,0

90,0

92,0

94,0

96,0

98,0

100,0

1 10 100

% G

mm

N. gyrations (log)

Compaction CurveNumber

gyrations% Voids Blend 1

% Voids Blend 2

10 10,3 % 11,1 %

100 3,1 % 3,6 %

180 2,0 % 2,5 %

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Type Material Sand 4/8 8/14 14/20 20/32 Filler

Blend 1 Limestone % 40,0 15,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 5,0

Blend 2Limestone &

Slag% 40,0 15,0 20,0 20,0 20,01 5,0


Stiffness Modulus (MPa)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Average: 6453,17 MPa

Standard deviation: 1455,38 MPa

Average: 4955,08 MPaStandard deviation: 696,98 MPa

33

)hz(

)27.0(FSm


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Fatigue Curve

1

100

10000

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000

Number of repetitions (N)

Ap

plied

Str

ess (

kPa)

Mix 1 “Normal”

Mix 2 “Recycled”


35


36


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Our Facility in Modena (ITALY)


tecnotest designs and manufacturers building materialstesting equipment and geotechnical testing equipment that areknown and appreciated worldwide.

Ever since it was founded in 1968, tecnotest has undertaken aquest for excellence which is evidently a common trait of the“Modenese” character and manifest in many fields, fromFormula One Racing to Opera, and also reflected in tecnotest’smanufacturing processes and equipment.

38


After more than 40 years in manufacturing, we appreciate thatthere are just as many challenges today as in the past: ourlong experience, combined with our new ideas andtechnological innovations, is fundamental to our mission.

Awareness of environmental issues and costs involved is nowa global concern so the quality of materials testing has neverbeen as central to the construction industry as it is today.

Governmental and commercial testing laboratories alikerealise that using quality testing equipment pays in the longterm, with increased revenue, not counting the very importantsocial benefits achieved in providing solid structures built tolast.

39

We all know the saying “theelephant never forgets”, well, theelephant just happens to have allthe qualities of tecnotest’s mostimportant products: precision,strength, long memory and a longlife......

......by the way, 42 years, that’syoung for an elephant!


“applications of reclaimed asphalt...

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