application of nanotechnology in textile

8/2/2019 Application of Nanotechnology in Textile

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Application

ofNanotechnology

in TextileGuided By Presented By

-Selin madam - Trivedi Aditya- Bhavesh kataria- Joshi Parth


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Introduction

Nano fibers

Nano finishing

Smart Textile

Conclusion


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Introduction

Nanotechnology is the creation and use of particles onebillionth of a meter for the manufacture of materials, products anddevices.

The term Nano in Nanotechnology comes from a Greek

word "Nanos" which means 'dwarf'. The dictionary meaning ofdwarf is abnormally small.

One nanometer is one billionth of a meter or 10-9 meters.One Nano meters is about 100000 times smaller than thediameter of the human hair.


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Developments ofNanotechnology in textileswill have a twofold focus.

Upgrading existing functions inperformances of textile materials

Developing smart and intelligent textileswith unprecedented functions.


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Nano fibersManufacture method of Nano fibers

There are no of technique are available to produce thenano fiber. among those technique electro-spinning techniqueshas been proved successfully for industrial production

Electro spinning of nano fibers:

The Electro spinning technique can easily fabricate

fictionalized nano fibers. This technique was invented in 1934, butthere has not been wide spread research interest in this field tillthe mid 1990s


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Electro spinning

PRINCIPLE : Electro spinning is unique approach using

electrostatic forces to produce fibers.


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Construction

The apparatus used for electro spinning is simple inconstruction, which consists of high voltage electric source withpositive or negative polarity, a syringe pump with capillaries ortubes to carry the solutions from the syringe or pipette to thesolution from the syringe or pipette to the spinneret and a

conducting collector.

The highly charged fibers are field directed towards the

opposite charged collector, which can be a flat surface or arotating drum to collect the fibers. The shape is according to therequirements.


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Working

In the electro spinning process a high voltage is used to

create an electrically charged stream of polymer solution ormelt. A high voltage electrode is linked with the polymer solution.The solution is then spun thorough a capillary.

Due to a high voltage electric field between the tip of thecapillary and a grounded collector, Taylor cone is formed at the tipof capillary producing sub-micron diameter fibers.

Fibers solidify as the polymer solvent and create aninterlinked fiber layer of the surface of collector. Many types ofpolymers were processed into nano fibers of 50 to 1000nanometers in diameter.


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Application of nano fibers in Nonwoven web

Nonwoven fabrics composed of nano fibers have a largespecific-surface area and small pore size as compared to

commercial textiles making such nonwoven materials excellentcandidates for filter and membrane applications.

With Nanotechnology Without Nanotechnology


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NANOFIBRES IN PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

The non-woven fibres of Polyethylene-oxide (PEO),Polycarbonate (PC) and Polyurethane (PU) using different fibrecharging methods like electrostatic spinning

And the infrared that the electro spun fibres have higher

filtration efficiency than other non woven webs.

PU and PC were found to have higher charge retentioncapacities than electro spun PEO fibres.

Thin nano-fibres layers over the conventionally usednonwoven filtration media for protective clothing.


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Polyurethane and nylon 6 nano-webs were applied overopen cell foams and carbon beads and then tested for airflow

resistance.

They concluded that the airflow resistance, filtrationefficiency and the pore sizes of nonwoven filter media could be

altered by coating with the lightweight electro spun nano-fibres.

Nano-crystalline metal oxides have created a newopportunity for decontaminating hazardous substances.

When the size of the metal oxides reaches nano scale,surface reactivity increases due to high surface area allows theiruse for the effective decontamination of chemical warfare agentsand related toxic substances.


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Application

Polymer nano fibres have an already proven capability inmolecular-level detection,

Best suited for breathable fabric designs.

Best materials for gas sensing and biosensor applications.

Electro-spun nanocomposite fabrics that will destroy oreliminate these toxins.

High porosity and decompose chemical and biologicalagents into harmless products.


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Nano finishing

The first commercial application of Nano tech in textile andclothing industry is found in the form of Nano particle (some timescalled nano bead) through a finishing process, which is generallyknown as nano finishing.

Advanced finishes set up an unprecedented level of textileperformances of stain-resistant, moisture content, anti-static&

wrinkle resistant and shrink proof abilities.


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Metal oxide in Textile application

Nano-size particles of Ti02, Al2O3, ZnO, and MgO are agroup of metal oxides that possess photo catalytic ability,electrical conductivity, UV absorption and photo-oxidizingcapacity against chemical and biological species in militaryprotection gears and civilian health products.

Nylon fiber filled with ZnO Nanoparticles can provide UVshielding function and reducing static electricity.

A composite fiber with Nanoparticles of Ti02 / MgO can

provide self-sterilizing function


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WATER REPELLENCE

Nano-Tex improves the water-repellent property of fabric bycreating nano-whiskers, which are hydrocarbons and 1/1000 of

the size of a typical cotton fiber, that are added to the fabric tocreate a peach fuzz effect without lowering the strength of cotton.


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The Swiss-based textile company Schoeller developed theNano-Sphere to make water-repellent fabrics. Nano-Sphere

impregnation involves a three-dimensional surface structure withgel-forming additives which repel water and prevent dirt particlesfrom attaching themselves.

The mechanism is similar to the lotus effect occurring innature, as demonstrated in Figure. Lotus plants have superhydrophobic surfaces which are rough and textured. Once waterdroplets fall onto them, water droplets bead up and, if the surface

slopes slightly, will roll off.


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ANTI MICROBIAL FINISH

The growth of bacteria and microorganisms in food orwater is prevented when stored in silver vessels due to itsantibacterial properties.

The anti-bacterial properties of silver are now scientificallyrecognized. Silver ions have broad spectrum of anti microbialactivities.

The method of producing durable silver containingantimicrobial finish is to encapsulate a silver compound ornanoparticle with a fiber reactive polymer like poly (styrene co-maleic anhydride).


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Application

The treated yarns showed effective antimicrobial activityagainst:

Various bacteria, fungi and chlamydia that included

escherichia coli, citrobacter, bacillus subtilis etc.

This finished goods is used in medical industry as a safe &

effective means of controlling medical growth in the woundbed.

PHOTO CYCATALYIC SELF CLEANING FINISH


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PHOTO CYCATALYIC SELF CLEANING FINISH

Advanced orientation processes that are combination ofpowerful oxidizing agents (catalytic initiators) with UV or near - UVlight have been applied for the removal of organic pollutants andxenobiotics from textile effluent among them,

TiO2 has been proved to be an excellent catalyst in thephoto degradation of colorants and other organic pollutants.

A sol mixture may be prepared at Room temp by mixing

titanium tetraisopropoxide, ethanol and acetic acid in a molar ratioof 1:100:0.05 respectively.


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The fabric to be coated was dried at 1000C for 30 min,dipped in the above mentioned nanosol for 30sec and thenpressed at a nip pressure of 2.75 kg/cm2 .

The pressed substrates were then dried then at 800C for10 min in a pre-heated oven to drive off ethanol and finally curedat 1000C for 5 min in a pre-heated curing oven.

Nano sized TiO2 particles show high photo catalyticactivities because they have a large surface area per unit massand volume as well as diffusion of the electron/ holes beforerecombination.

This finish have anti bacterial properties after havingbeen subject to 55 washes through home laundry machine & UVprotection characteristics for 20 washes.

UV PROCTIVE FINISH


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UV PROCTIVE FINISH

The rays in the wavelength region of 150 to 400 nm areknown as ultraviolet radiations.

The UV-blocking property of a fabric is enhanced when adye, pigment, delustrant, or ultraviolet absorber finish is presentthat absorbs ultraviolet radiation and blocks it.

Metal oxides like ZnO as UV-blocker are more stable whencompared to organic UV-blocking agents.

Fabric treated with UV absorbers ensures that the clothesdeflect the Harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun, and protecting theskin from potential damage.

This protection is expressed as SPF (Sun Protection

Factor), higher the SPF Value better is the protection against UV


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Wrinkle resistance

To impart wrinkle resistance to fabric, resin is commonlyused in conventional methods. However, there are limitations to

applying resin, including a decrease in the tensile strength of fibre,abrasion resistance, water absorbency and dye-ability, as well asbreathability.

To overcome the limitations of using resin, some

researchers employed nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silica toimprove the wrinkle resistance of cotton and silk respectively.

W i kl R i t


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Wrinkle Resistance

Nano-titanium dioxide was employed with carboxylic acidas a catalyst under UV irradiation to catalyse the cross-linkingreaction between the cellulose molecule and the acid.

On the other hand, nano-silica was applied with maleicanhydride as a catalyst; the results showed that the application ofnano-silica with maleic anhydride could successfully improve the

wrinkle resistance of silk.

Ch i i f NANO FINISHING i


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Characteristics of NANO FINISHING in garments

Nano-processed garments have protective coating, which

is water and beverage repellent.

Their protective layer is difficult to detect with the nakedeye.

When a substance is manipulated at sizes of approximately100 nm, the structure of the processed clothing becomes morecompressed. This makes clothing stain- and dirt-resistant.

Saving time and laundering cost.

This technology embraces environmental friendlyproperties.

...


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Nano-materials allow good ventilation and reduce moistureabsorption, resulting in enhanced breathability while maintainingthe good hand feel of ordinary material.

The crease resistant feature keeps clothing neat.

Nano-processed products are toxic free.

Garments stay bright, fresh looking and are more durablethan ordinary materials.

Manufacturing cost is low, adding value to the products.

A li ti i S t T til


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Application in Smart Textile

Molecular nanotechnology will make changes that are moreradical by integrating computers, sensors, and micro- and nanomachines with materials.

Micro pumps and flexible micro tubes could transportcoolant or a heated medium to needed parts of clothing.

Semi-permeable membrane to allow only particular kinds ofmolecules (Water) through, to keep one side of a fabric dry oranother side wet.

Computers would direct the cells, powered with smallelectrostatic motors, to adjust their relative spacing with thescrews. By tightening and loosening the screws, the shape of anitem could change to conform to the needs of the user.


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Fabrics could be of self-cleaning by robotic devices similarto mites could periodically scour the fabric surfaces and integralconveyors could transport the dirt to a collection site, or thepreviously mentioned molecule-selective membrane couldtransport water to one side or the other for a cleaning rinse. Nanosensing objects embedded in a fabric is shown in the figure.


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Fabrics could be of self-repairing with sensors to detect

discontinuities in the material via loss of signal or a reported strainoverload and send robotic crews to repair damages. The virtualenvironment for the nano robot is shown in the figure.

CONCLUSION


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CONCLUSION

Nano finishes being developed for textile

substrates are at their infantile stage.

The probability of the type of commercial finishingapplications covered in this article occurring within the

next few years is quite high.

Nano finishing can replaced traditional finishingtechnique of textile products and readymade clothing

with products of superior quality and lower productioncosts.


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Electro - spinning


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Lotus effect


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Smart Textile


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application of nanotechnology in textile

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