appendix section 2: trees and shrubs for agroforestry · patible with the companion crop ... •...
TRANSCRIPT
166 Training Manual for Applied Agroforestry Practices – 2015 Edition
In this chapter:• Identifying the Proper Trees and/
or Shrubs• Design and Management• Tree and Shrub Recommenda-
tions• Selection Table
The Center for Agroforestry is conducting research on Chinese chestnuts as a tree for profitable agroforestry plantings.
Agroforestry combines trees, shrubs, forages, grasses, livestock and crops in innovative, flex-ible combinations tailored to the landowner’s needs. However, it is the trees and shrubs that are the foundation of any of the agroforestry practices. They occupy land for many years, taking longer to produce marketable crops than other agricultural crops and, thus, require careful thought before planting and long-term care. Yet, through deliberate integration with farm practices, long lasting production and conservation benefits can occur simultane-ously.
What Makes a Tree Appropriate for Agroforestry? The answer is not always the same for any given situation, and will likely vary according to each landowner’s specific interest. That said, many trees and shrubs can be planted in con-figurations and/or densities that will enable them to meet several objectives.
The following pages may be used as a general reference and guide for the selection of appro-priate trees and/or shrubs.
Identifying the proper trees and shrubs
When selecting a tree species, begin by matching the species with the site. The se-lected species should be capable of providing the products and services desired by the land-owner. Depending on the practice selected, other considerations might include:• Suited to the soil and site conditions• Species compatibility trees should be com-
patible with the companion crop• High value• Fast growing or of such high value that a
slower growth rate is acceptable• Deep-rooted so the trees do not compete
with companion crops for moisture• Drought-tolerant or capable of growing on
a wet site• Produce a light rather than a heavy shade.• What species already exist on the site?• Marketability - What products (nuts, wood,
etc.) do you want to market? Do marketsexist?
Appendix Section 2: Trees and Shrubs for Agroforestry
167 University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry
Tree and Shrub RecommendationsFollowing is a table of tree and shrub species suitable for agroforestry practices in Missouri. Included in the table are recommended re-gions, agroforestry application, potential mar-kets, typical site (upland or bottomland), soil moisture requirements, growth rate, height, light preference, and additional notes for each species. Trees and shrubs are listed in alpha-betical order by common name.
This list is not exhaustive, but rather a starting point. All species listed for a given region may not be suited to all sites in that region. Species not generally recommended for a given region may have application on individual sites. For more specific information on trees and shrubs for a particular site, contact the area Missouri Department of Conservation Forester or Pri-vate Lands Specialist.
Mark Coggeshall, UMCA Tree Improvement Specialist, works to produce control pollinated seeds from eastern black wal-nut trees he is growing on a trellis system.
In addition to the table, a series of crop sheets have been developed that contain a short de-scription of each species, its habitat, manage-ment and harvesting considerations, methods of propagation and economic uses.
168 Training Manual for Applied Agroforestry Practices – 2015 Edition
Design and Management of Trees and Shrubs for Agroforestry
Planting design and management of an agroforestry practice depends on existing site conditions and the goals of the landowner (you may also refer to the section on each specific practice for more information on design considerations). Trees can be planted in single or multiple rows, on contours or in groups. Consider the products you wish to produce, any conservation or wildlife benefits de-sired, on-farm equipment and the needs of companion crops when planning the planting design.
As trees require some maintenance, management requirements may influence the planting design. Some important management considerations are:
Weed control - most important in a young trees life Fertilization - depends on species selected and production objectivesPruning - a must for timber production and recommended for nut productionThinning - timely thinnings are critical to maintaining tree growthGrafting - recommended for nut production, yet limit the number of trees requiring
grafting in any given year.
• Weed control can reduce competition for moisture, nutrients and, in some cases, for light. Op-tions for weed control include the use of herbicides, mulches (including living mulches such asmany clovers, and fabric mulches) and cultivation. To gain the best growth from newly estab-lished trees, weed control should be maintained for a minimum of 3 years, and often for asmany as 5 years.
• Timely fertilization may be necessary for high-yielding fruit and nut production. In fruit and nutproduction, having certain nutrients available to the tree at the appropriate time of year is oftenessential for flower and nut set. For timber production, the cost of fertilization is usually notrecovered over the time it takes for a timber tree to reach maturity.
• Pruning allows room for equipment to pass below the branches and can be used to promotethe production of desired products such as timber. Pruning is also a useful tool in managementof fruit and nut trees. Through proper pruning, the shape of the crown and its density can bemanaged to facilitate and improve a trees productivity.
• Timely thinnings promote good tree growth by reducing competition for water, light and nutri-ents. As trees mature they grow to occupy more of the space where they are being managed.As crowns of adjacent trees begin to touch or overlap, this is also a general indicator that theirroot systems are overlapping. When trees touch or overlap, competition for light, moisture andnutrients between adjacent trees may become a factor limiting tree growth. At this point, thin-ning can be beneficial.
• Grafting primarily applies to fruit and nut production. By grafting scion wood to a tree you areassured that the fruit or nut produced has the potential to exhibit the exact same characteristicsas the adult tree from which the scion came. However, this does not always occur, since mois-ture, nutrients and management also play a significant role in fruit and nut development. Yet,it is the best way to ensure success. Spread planting over several years to limit the number oftrees that will require grafting in a single year.
169 University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry
Reg
ion:
see U
MC
A R
egio
n m
ap /
/ A
grof
ores
try
App
licat
ion:
AC
-alle
y c
roppin
g,
SP
-silv
opastu
re,
WB
-win
dbre
ak,
RB
-rip
arian f
ore
st
buffer,
FF
-fore
st
farm
ing,
D-t
o a
dd d
ivers
ity /
/ M
arke
ts:
HV
-hig
h v
alu
e w
ood p
roducts
, LV
-low
valu
e w
ood p
roducts
, N
T-n
on-t
imber
fore
st
pro
ducts
, F
-fru
it,
W-w
ildlif
e f
ood o
r shelter,
O-o
rnam
enta
l or
Christm
as t
rees,
E-e
nvironm
enta
l // S
ite:
B-
bottom
land,
U-u
pla
nd /
/ Soi
l Moi
stur
e: W
-wet, M
-mois
t, D
-dry
, X
-well-
dra
ined /
/ G
row
th R
ate:
V-v
ery
fast, F
-fast, I
-inte
rmedia
te,
S-s
low
//
Hei
ght:
maxim
um
range i
n f
eet
under
optim
al
site
conditio
ns // Li
ght P
refe
renc
e: �
-full
sun, �-p
art
ial shade/s
un, �
-full
shade
Tree
s an
d Sh
rubs
for
Agr
ofor
estr
y Pr
actic
es in
Mis
sour
i
Com
mon
Nam
e S
cie
nti
fic
Na
me
Re
gio
n
Ag
rofo
restr
y
Ap
plic
atio
n
Ma
rke
ts
Site
S
oil
Mo
istu
re
Gro
wth
R
ate
H
eig
ht
Lig
ht
Pre
fere
nce
No
tes
Tree
s 1
- 8
R
B, F
F
HV
, L
V,
EB
-U
M
F
75
-13
0'
� -
�
Am
eric
an b
assw
ood
Tili
a a
me
rica
na
Am
eric
an h
olly
Ile
x o
pa
ca
1, 3
- 7
W
B
NT
, W
B
W
-M, X
S
4
0-5
0'
�
Am
eric
an s
ycam
ore
Pla
tan
us o
ccid
en
talis
1 -
8
RB
L
V, W
B
M
-W
F
10
0'+
�
- �
1 -
6,
8
WB
O
, N
T
B
M, X
F
-I
70
-12
0'
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
S
pro
utin
g h
ab
it
Hig
h to
lera
nce
to
flo
od
ing
M
isso
uri n
ative
Co
pp
ice
re
ge
ne
ratio
n
Mis
so
uri n
ative
D
ise
ase
pro
ne
Dis
ea
se
s: fo
liar
fun
gu
s/b
ligh
t
1 -
8
WB
O
, W
B
-U
W-M
S
-I
10
0'+
�
- �
M
isso
uri n
ative
Aus
tria
n pi
ne
Pin
us n
igra
Bal
dcyp
ress
T
axo
diu
m d
istich
um
Bla
ck c
herr
y P
run
us s
ero
tin
a2
, 3
, 5
, 7
, 8
R
B
LV
, H
V
D-M
I
80
-10
0'
� -
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Bla
ck lo
cust
R
ob
inia
pse
ud
iaca
cia
1 -
8
RB
, A
C,
SP
, W
B
LV
U
M
-D
F
40
-60
' �
Bla
ck o
ak
Qu
erc
us v
elu
tin
a
1 -
8
AC
, W
B
LV
, W
U
D
-M
I 5
0-6
0'
�
On
MD
C n
oxio
us p
lan
t lis
t M
isso
uri n
ative
N
itro
ge
n f
ixin
g
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Bla
ck w
alnu
t Ju
gla
ns n
igra
1 -
8
RB
, A
C,
SP
, W
B
HV
, L
V,
FB
M
I
70
-90
'+
�V
ery
site
se
nsitiv
e
Mis
so
uri n
ative
A
llelo
pa
thic
(ch
em
ica
l g
row
th in
hib
ito
r)
Bla
ck w
illow
S
alix
nig
ra1
- 8
R
B
LV
, E
, W
B
M-W
V
3
0-6
0'
�M
isso
uri n
ative
LV
Bla
ckgu
m
7, 8
R
B
B
-U
W-D
, X
I
50
-10
0'
� -
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
N
yssa
sylv
atica
Blu
e sp
ruce
1
- 6
, 8
W
B
O, W
U
M
-W, D
I
70
-10
0'
� -
�
Dis
ea
se
& in
se
ct p
rob
lem
s
Pic
ea
pu
ng
en
s
Qu
erc
us m
acro
ca
rpa
RB
, A
C,
SP
,W
B
LV
, H
V,
WB
ur o
ak
2 -
8
B-U
M
-D,
X
S
70
-80
' �
- �
C
om
mo
nly
use
d in
CR
P
Qu
erc
us p
ag
od
aA
C, R
BH
V, W
,O
Che
rryb
ark
oak
6 -
8
B
M, X
I-
F
10
0'+
� -
�
Qu
erc
us m
ue
hle
nb
erg
ii1
- 5
,7
, 8
L
V, H
V,
WC
hink
apin
oak
WB
U
D-M
S
6
0-8
0'
�
Ce
ltis
occid
en
talis
1 -
8L
V, N
TC
omm
on h
ackb
erry
RB
, W
B
B
-U
W-D
S
-F
10
0'
� -
�
Po
pu
lus d
elto
ide
s
RB
, A
C,
SP
,
WB
East
ern
cotto
nwoo
d 1
- 8
W, L
V
B
M-D
V
8
0-1
00
' �
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Exce
llen
t m
ark
et
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Lu
mp
ed
with
wh
ite
oa
k fo
r sa
le
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Ca
n b
e h
ard
to
se
ll M
isso
uri n
ative
Mis
so
uri n
ative
WB
W, O
,N
TEa
ster
n re
dbud
1
- 8
U
M
I
<4
5'
� -
�
Ea
sily
tra
nsp
lan
ted
C
erc
is c
an
ad
en
sis
Mis
so
uri n
ative
170 Training Manual for Applied Agroforestry Practices – 2015 Edition
Reg
ion
: see U
MC
A R
egio
n m
ap /
/ A
gro
fore
str
y A
pp
licati
on
: A
C-a
lley c
roppin
g,
SP
-silv
opastu
re,
WB
-win
dbre
ak,
RB
-rip
arian f
ore
st
buffer,
FF
-fore
st
farm
ing,
D-t
o a
dd d
ivers
ity /
/ M
ark
ets
: H
V-h
igh v
alu
e w
ood p
roducts
, LV
-low
valu
e w
ood p
roducts
, N
T-n
on-t
imber
fore
st
pro
ducts
, F
-fru
it,
W-w
ildlif
e f
ood o
r shelter,
O-o
rnam
enta
l or
Christm
as t
rees,
E-e
nvironm
enta
l // S
ite:
B-
bottom
land,
U-u
pla
nd /
/ So
il M
ois
ture
: W
-wet, M
-mois
t, D
-dry
, X
-well-
dra
ined /
/ G
row
th R
ate
: V
-very
fast, F
-fast, I
-inte
rmedia
te,
S-s
low
//
Heig
ht:
maxim
um
range i
n f
eet
under
optim
al
site
conditio
ns // L
igh
t P
refe
ren
ce: �
-full
sun, �-p
art
ial shade/s
un, �
-full
shade
Co
mm
on
Na
me
S
cie
nti
fic
Na
me
Re
gio
n
Ag
rofo
restr
y
Ma
rke
ts
Site
S
oil
Mo
istu
re
Gro
wth
R
ate
H
eig
ht
Lig
ht
Pre
fere
nce
No
tes
Ea
ste
rn r
ed
ce
da
r Ju
nip
eru
s v
irg
inia
na
Ap
plic
atio
n
1 -
8
WB
W
, L
V,
HV
U-B
D
-M,X
S
<
50
' �
- �
Ea
ste
rn w
hit
e p
ine
P
inu
s s
tro
bu
s1
- 8
W
B, A
C
O, N
T
U
D-W
, X
I-
F
<8
0'
�
Flo
we
rin
g d
og
wo
od
C
orn
us flo
rid
a
2 -
8
D
W, O
U
M
, X
I-
F
10
-30
' � -
�
Gre
en
as
h
Fra
xin
us p
en
nsylv
an
ica
1 -
8
RB
, A
C,
SP
, W
B, F
F
LV
, N
T
B-U
W
-M, D
I
30
-50
' �
- �
1 -
, 8
A
C, S
P,
WB
L
V
B-U
M
-D
F
70
-80
' �
1, 3
, 8
D
W
, L
V
U
M-D
S
<
30
' �
- �
1 -
8
RB
, A
C,
SP
, W
B
LV
, H
V,
OB
M
I-
F
10
0'
� -
�
3 -
8
SP
, A
C
NT
, L
V,
OB
-U
W-D
F
-V
90
-11
0'
�
1 -
8
AC
, S
P,
WB
,
FF
HV
, L
V
U
M-D
, X
I-
S
60
-80
' � -
�
1, 4
, 5
, 7
WB
O
U
D
-W
S-I
4
0-5
0'
�
So
me
dis
ea
se
an
d in
se
ct p
rob
lem
s
Sp
rea
ds/n
atu
raliz
es e
asily
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Dis
ea
se
an
d in
se
ct p
rob
lem
s
Pre
ferr
ed
de
er
bro
wse
Pro
ble
m w
ith
Arm
illa
ria
ro
ot
rot
Inva
de
r o
r p
est
sp
ecie
s
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Co
mm
on
ly u
se
d in
CR
P
Su
bje
ct to
bo
rers
an
d a
nth
racn
ose
M
isso
uri n
ative
On
ly th
orn
less v
ari
etie
s r
eco
mm
en
de
d
Po
ds c
an
be
use
d fo
r ca
ttle
fe
ed
M
isso
uri n
ative
Ve
ry h
ard
wo
od
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Rin
g s
ha
ke
ca
n b
e a
pro
ble
m
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Do
es n
ot p
rod
uce
se
ed
th
is fa
r n
ort
h
Su
sce
ptib
le to
ice
da
ma
ge
Su
sce
ptib
le to
oa
k w
ilt &
ch
loro
sis
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Wo
od
is r
esis
tan
t to
de
ca
y
1 -
8
WB
O
B
-U
M
I-F
6
0-9
0'
� -
�
8
RB
L
V, H
V,
W
B
W-M
F
1
00
' � -
�
1 -
3
WB
L
V, H
V,
WB
-U
W-D
I-
F
10
-40
' �
- �
Go
od
WB
su
bstitu
te fo
r o
the
r co
nife
rs
Dis
ea
se
& in
se
ct p
rob
lem
s
Se
lf p
run
es b
ett
er
tha
n p
in o
ak
Hig
h flo
od
to
lera
nce
So
me
tim
es a
pe
st
tre
e
8
RB
L
V, W
B
W
S
1
00
' �
3
FF
W
, F
B
M
F
-I
15
-30
' � -
�
1 -
8
AC
, R
B,
SP
W
, L
V,
HV
, F
B
M
, X
I-
F
11
0-
14
0'
� -
�
Ho
ne
ylo
cu
st
(th
orn
les
s)
Gle
ditsia
tri
aca
nth
os v
ar.
ine
rmis
Iro
nw
oo
d (
Ho
ph
orn
be
am
)
Ostr
ya
virg
inia
na
Ke
ntu
ck
y c
off
ee
tre
e
Gym
no
cla
du
s d
ioic
us
Lo
blo
lly
pin
e
Pin
us ta
ed
a
No
rth
ern
re
d o
ak
Qu
erc
us r
ub
ra
No
rth
ern
wh
ite
-ce
da
r T
hu
ja o
ccid
en
talis
No
rwa
y s
pru
ce
P
ice
a a
bie
s
Nu
tta
ll o
ak
Qu
erc
us te
xa
na
Os
ag
e-o
ran
ge
M
aclu
ra p
om
ife
ra
Ov
erc
up
oa
k
Qu
erc
us lyra
ta
Pa
wp
aw
Asim
ina
trilo
ba
Pe
ca
nC
ary
a illi
no
en
sis
Pe
rsim
mo
n
Dio
sp
yro
s v
irg
inia
na
1 -
8
AC
, S
P,
WB
, F
FW
, F
, L
V, H
V
U-B
D
-M,
X
S
30
-50
' �
- �
Hig
h flo
od
to
lera
nce
M
isso
uri n
ative
Site
sp
ecific
M
isso
uri n
ative
Use
pro
pe
r cu
ltiv
ars
fo
r n
ut
pro
du
ctio
n.
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Pin
oa
k
Qu
erc
us p
alu
str
is
1 -
8
AC
, R
B
LV
, W
, O
B-U
W
-M
I-S
7
0-8
0'
�N
ot to
lera
nt o
f g
row
ing
se
aso
n flo
od
s
Su
sce
ptib
le to
oa
k w
ilt &
ch
loro
sis
Mis
so
uri n
ative
171 University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry
Re
gio
n:
se
e U
MC
A R
eg
ion
ma
p /
/ A
gro
fore
str
y A
pp
lic
ati
on
: A
C-a
lley c
rop
pin
g,
SP
-silv
op
astu
re,
WB
-win
db
rea
k,
RB
-rip
aria
n f
ore
st
bu
ffe
r, F
F-f
ore
st
farm
ing
, D
-to
ad
d d
ive
rsity /
/ M
ark
ets
: H
V-h
igh
va
lue
wo
od
pro
du
cts
, L
V-lo
w v
alu
e w
oo
d p
rod
ucts
, N
T-n
on
-tim
be
r fo
rest
pro
du
cts
, F
-fru
it,
W-w
ildlif
e f
oo
d o
r sh
elte
r, O
-orn
am
en
tal
or
Ch
ristm
as t
ree
s,
E-e
nviro
nm
en
tal
// S
ite
: B
-b
ott
om
lan
d,
U-u
pla
nd
// S
oil
Mo
istu
re:
W-w
et,
M-m
ois
t, D
-dry
, X
-we
ll-d
rain
ed
//
Gro
wth
Ra
te:
V-v
ery
fa
st,
F-f
ast,
I-in
term
ed
iate
, S
-slo
w /
/ H
eig
ht:
ma
xim
um
ra
ng
e in
fe
et
un
de
r o
ptim
al site
co
nd
itio
ns /
/ L
igh
t P
refe
ren
ce
: �-f
ull
su
n, �-p
art
ial sh
ad
e/s
un
, �
-fu
ll sh
ad
e
Co
mm
on
Na
me
S
cie
nti
fic
Na
me
Re
gio
n
Ag
rofo
restr
y
Ma
rke
ts
Site
S
oil
Mo
istu
re
Gro
wth
R
ate
H
eig
ht
Lig
ht
Pre
fere
nce
No
tes
Re
d (
slip
pe
ry)
elm
U
lmu
s r
ub
ra
Ap
plic
atio
n
3, 4
R
B
LV
, N
T
B
M-D
I
40
-70
' �
Mis
so
uri n
ative
1 -
8
RB
, A
C,
WB
,F
FL
V, O
B
-U
W-D
F
5
0-7
0'
�M
isso
uri n
ative
3, 5
R
B
F
B
M, X
I
40
-50
' �
- �
M
isso
uri n
ative
1 -
5,
8
WB
W
, N
T,
OU
M
-D,
X
S
<5
0'
� -
�
Sh
ort
-liv
ed
1, 3
, 8
R
B
LV
, O
, E
B
M
I 5
0'
� -
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
2 -
4,
8
D
W, N
T
U
D-M
, X
I
30
-50
' �
Mis
so
uri n
ative
3, 5
, 7
, 8
AC
, S
P,
WB
, F
FL
V, H
V
U
D-M
I-
F
70
-80
' �
7
WB
, A
C
O
B-U
M
-D
S-I
3
5-6
0'
� -
�
1 -
8
RB
, W
B
W, L
V,
FU
-B
D-M
S
7
0-8
0'
� -
�
Fa
ste
st g
row
ing
oa
k
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Ma
ny d
ise
ase
an
d in
se
ct p
rob
lem
s
Sh
ort
-liv
ed
Mis
so
uri n
ative
1, 3
, 8
R
B
W, L
V,
FB
W
-M
S
80
-10
0'
� -
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
1 -
8
WB
L
V, H
V,
WU
-B
M-D
S
5
0-6
0'
� -
�
2 -
8
WB
, S
P, A
C
HV
, L
V,
W, N
T
U
D-M
, X
F
-I
70
-10
0'
�
Su
sce
ptib
le to
oa
k w
ilt &
in
se
cts
M
isso
uri n
ative
Mis
so
uri n
ative
3, 7
A
C, S
P
LV
, H
V
B-U
M
, X
I
10
0'
�
1 -
8
RB
, W
B
LV
, O
B
W
-M, D
F
-V
60
-80
' � -
�
1, 3
F
F
NT
, L
V
U
M, X
F
6
0-8
0'
� -
�
7, 8
A
C, R
B
LV
, H
V,
OB
M
-W, X
S
6
0-8
0'
�
1 -
6,
8
AC
, R
B
LV
, H
V,
W, N
T
B
W-M
S
6
0-7
0'
� -
�
Re
d m
ap
le
Ace
r ru
bru
m
Re
d m
ulb
err
y
Mo
rus r
ub
rum
Re
d p
ine
P
inu
s r
esin
osa
Riv
er
bir
ch
B
etu
la n
igra
Sa
ss
afr
as
S
assa
fra
s a
lbid
um
Sc
arl
et
oa
k
Qu
erc
us c
occin
ea
Sc
otc
h (
Sc
ot'
s)
pin
e
Pin
us s
ylv
estr
is
Sh
ag
ba
rk h
ick
ory
C
ary
a o
va
ta
Sh
ellb
ark
hic
ko
ry
Ca
rya
la
cin
iosa
Sh
ing
le o
ak
Q
ue
rcu
s im
brica
ria
Sh
ort
lea
f p
ine
P
inu
s e
ch
ina
ta
Sh
um
ard
oa
k
Qu
er c
us s
hu
ma
rdii
Silv
er
ma
ple
A
ce
r sa
cch
arin
um
Su
ga
r m
ap
le
Ace
r sa
cch
aru
m
Sw
am
p c
he
stn
ut
oa
k
Qu
erc
us m
ich
au
xii
Sw
am
p w
hit
e o
ak
Q
ue
rcu
s b
ico
lor
Sw
ee
tgu
m
Liq
uid
am
ba
r sty
raciflu
a1
- 8
R
B, W
B
LV
, H
V,
O, N
T
B-U
M
, X
I
80
-12
0'
�
Tu
lip
-po
pla
r L
irio
de
nd
ron
tu
lipife
ra
2 -
8
AC
, W
B
LV
, H
V,
OB
W
-M
F
10
0'
�
Vir
gin
ia p
ine
P
inu
s v
irg
inia
na
2 -
8
WB
, S
P
W, O
B
-U
D-M
, X
I
40
' �
Su
sce
ptib
le to
oa
k w
ilt &
in
se
cts
M
isso
uri n
ative
Pro
ne
to
ice
an
d w
ind
da
ma
ge
M
isso
uri n
ative
Syru
p r
atio
n -
80
:1
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Be
st w
hite
oa
k f
or
bo
tto
m a
rea
s
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Co
mm
on
in
CR
P
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Re
co
mm
en
de
d fo
r so
uth
ern
are
as
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Site
-se
nsitiv
e
Su
ffe
rs s
om
e w
ind
da
ma
ge
M
isso
uri n
ative
To
lera
nt o
f a
va
rie
ty o
f so
ils
Pre
fers
cla
y,
loa
m,
or
sa
nd
y lo
am
O
fte
n u
se
d in
la
nd
re
cla
ma
tio
n
172 Training Manual for Applied Agroforestry Practices – 2015 Edition
Re
gio
n:
se
e U
MC
A R
eg
ion
ma
p /
/ A
gro
fore
str
y A
pp
lic
ati
on
: A
C-a
lle
y c
rop
pin
g,
SP
-silvo
pa
stu
re,
WB
-win
db
rea
k,
RB
-rip
aria
n f
ore
st
bu
ffe
r, F
F-f
ore
st
farm
ing
, D
-to
ad
d d
ive
rsity /
/ M
ark
ets
: H
V-h
igh
va
lue
wo
od
pro
du
cts
, L
V-lo
w v
alu
e w
oo
d p
rod
ucts
, N
T-n
on
-tim
be
r fo
rest
pro
du
cts
, F
-fru
it,
W-w
ild
life
fo
od
or
sh
elte
r, O
-orn
am
en
tal
or
Ch
ristm
as t
ree
s,
E-e
nviro
nm
en
tal
// S
ite
: B
-b
ott
om
lan
d,
U-u
pla
nd
// S
oil
Mo
istu
re:
W-w
et,
M-m
ois
t, D
-dry
, X
-we
ll-d
rain
ed
//
Gro
wth
Ra
te:
V-v
ery
fa
st,
F-f
ast,
I-in
term
ed
iate
, S
-slo
w /
/ H
eig
ht:
ma
xim
um
ra
ng
e in
fe
et
un
de
r o
ptim
al site
co
nd
itio
ns /
/ L
igh
t P
refe
ren
ce
: �
-fu
ll s
un
, �-p
art
ial sh
ad
e/s
un
, �
-fu
ll s
ha
de
Co
mm
on
Na
me
S
cie
nti
fic
Na
me
Re
gio
n
Ag
rofo
restr
y
Ap
plica
tio
n
Ma
rke
ts
Site
S
oil
Mo
istu
re
Gro
wth
R
ate
H
eig
ht
Lig
ht
Pre
fere
nce
N
ote
s
1 -
8
D
W, O
U
M
-D
I-S
1
5-2
5'
�
1, 4
, 7
R
B, W
B
LV
B
-U
M-W
I
60
-70
' �
- �
1, 3
, 4
7
AC
, R
B,
WB
L
V
U-B
M
, X
I
70
-10
0'
� -
�
1 -
8
AC
, S
P,
WB
, F
FH
V, W
, L
VB
-U
D-M
S
8
0-1
00
' � -
�
1 -
5,
8
WB
O
, W
B
M
-W
S
50
-80
' �
- �
Su
sce
ptib
le to
ru
st
dis
ea
se
s
Th
orn
s
Po
ore
r q
ua
lity
th
an
oth
er
red
oa
ks
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Dis
ea
se
pro
ble
ms
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Ca
n b
e h
ard
to
re
ge
ne
rate
/esta
blish
M
isso
uri n
ative
No
t d
rou
gh
t to
lera
nt
Wa
sh
ing
ton
ha
wth
orn
C
rata
eg
us p
ha
en
op
yru
m
Wa
ter
oa
k
Qu
erc
us n
igra
Wh
ite
as
h
Fra
xin
us a
me
rica
na
Wh
ite
oa
k
Qu
erc
us a
lba
Wh
ite
sp
ruc
e
Pic
ea
gla
uca
Wil
low
oa
k
3, 7
, 8
A
C, S
P,
RB
O
, L
V,
HV
B-U
M
S
8
0'
� -
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Q
ue
rcu
s p
he
llo
s
Co
mm
on
Na
me
S
cie
nti
fic
Na
me
Re
gio
n
Ag
rofo
restr
y
Ap
plica
tio
n
Ma
rke
ts
Site
S
oil
Mo
istu
re
Gro
wth
R
ate
H
eig
ht
Lig
ht
Pre
fere
nce
N
ote
s
Sh
rub
s
6, 8
D
W
B
-U
M-W
, X
F
-I
8-1
2'
� -
�
Min
imu
m r
oo
t d
ep
th 1
4"
1 -
8
RB
, W
B, F
F
W, F
B
M
S
-I
<1
5'
�
1 -
4,
6, 8
D
W
B
-U
M-D
, X
I-
F
<8
' �
- �
Th
icke
t fo
rmin
g
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Ad
ap
tab
le to
va
ryin
g s
ite
co
nd
itio
ns
1 -
3,
8
AC
, R
B,
WB
W
, F
B
-U
D-M
, X
F
6
-10
' �
- �
T
hic
ke
t fo
rme
r M
isso
uri n
ative
1 -
8
D
W
B-U
M
-D
I 1
2'
� -
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
5
RB
, W
B, D
W
B
-U
W-D
F
1
0-2
0'
� -
�
Am
eri
ca
n c
ran
be
rry
bu
sh
V
ibu
rnu
m t
rilo
bu
m
Am
eri
ca
n p
lum
P
run
us a
me
rica
na
Arr
ow
wo
od
V
ibu
rnu
m d
en
tatu
m
Bla
ck
be
rry
, ra
sp
be
rry
R
ub
us
sp
p.
Bla
ck
ha
w
Vib
urn
um
pru
nifo
liu
m
Bu
ck
tho
rn
Rh
am
nu
s c
ath
art
ica
Bu
tto
nb
us
h
Ce
ph
ala
nth
us o
ccid
en
talis
1 -
8
RB
W
, E
B
W
-D
F
6-1
0'
�
Co
mm
on
ch
ok
ec
he
rry
P
run
us v
irg
inia
na
1 -
8
RB
, D
W
, F
, E
B
M
F
3
-20
' �
2, 5
R
B, D
W
, F
B
-U
M-D
F
<
10
' �
- �
1, 3
,5
, 8
D
W
U
M-D
I
4-1
0'
� -
�
1, 4
, 8
D
W
, O
U
M
, X
I
10
-20
' �
- �
Alte
rna
te h
ost
for
Oa
k R
ust
Ca
n b
e in
va
siv
e
We
tla
nd
in
va
siv
e p
rob
lem
M
isso
uri n
ative
Fo
lia
ge
to
xic
to
liv
esto
ck
Na
tura
l w
etla
nd
sp
ecie
s
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Ed
ible
G
oo
d w
ild
life
fo
od
so
urc
e
Ho
lds b
err
ies la
te in
th
e s
ea
so
n
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Fe
w d
ise
ase
or
inse
ct p
rob
lem
s
1 -
8
D
W, O
B
-U
M-W
S
-I
<2
0'
� -
�
Ad
ap
tab
le to
va
ryin
g s
ite
co
nd
itio
ns
Co
mm
on
eld
erb
err
y
Sa
mb
ucu
s c
an
ad
en
sis
Co
ralb
err
y (
Bu
ck
bru
sh
) S
ym
ph
oro
ca
rpu
s o
rbic
ula
tus
Co
rne
lia
n c
he
rry
do
gw
oo
d
Co
rnu
s m
as
De
cid
uo
us
ho
lly
Ile
x d
ecid
ua
Fra
gra
nt
su
ma
c
Rh
us a
rom
atica
1 -
8
D
W
U
D
F-I
<
10
' � -
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
173 University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry
Co
mm
on
Na
me
S
cie
nti
fic
Na
me
Re
gio
n
Ag
rofo
restr
y
Ma
rke
ts
Site
S
oil
Mo
istu
re
Gro
wth
R
ate
H
eig
ht
Lig
ht
Pre
fere
nce
N
ote
s
Ap
plic
atio
n
1 -
8
D
W, O
B
-U
W-M
,X
I-F
1
0-1
5'
�T
hic
ke
t fo
rmin
g
Ca
n b
e in
va
siv
e
1 -
3,
8
AC
, R
B,
D
W, F
B
-U
M
F
3'
� -
�
1 -
38
A
C, F
F,
RB
W
, F
, O
B
-U
M
F
7-1
5'
� -
�
1 -
6,
8
D
W
B-U
M
F
1
0-1
5'
�
Th
icke
t fo
rmin
g
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Difficu
lt t
o e
sta
blis
h f
rom
se
ed
M
isso
uri n
ative
Th
icke
t fo
rmin
g
1 -
8
RB
W
, E
B
-U
W-D
F
1
0'
� -
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
1, 3
- 7
R
B, D
W
, N
T,
EB
-U
W-D
I
<1
5'
�M
ay b
e p
rop
ag
ate
d b
y c
uttin
gs
1, 3
-
6, 8
R
B, W
B
W, O
, N
TB
M
I
6-1
0'
� -
�
Th
icke
t fo
rmin
g
3, 7
D
W
B
-U
M-D
S
<
30
' � -
�
Mis
so
uri n
ative
3, 7
, 8
F
F
W, O
U
M
-D
I-F
<
30
' �
Mis
so
uri n
ative
3
RB
, S
P,
WB
W
, E
M
-D
F
4-6
' �
- �
1 -
4,
6
WB
, R
B
W, N
T,
O, E
B
-U
M
F-I
6
-10
' �
1 -
8
D
W
B-U
M
I
<2
5'
� -
�
5, 7
, 8
D
W
, O
U
D
-M
F
5-1
0'
�
Go
od
co
ve
r a
nd
fo
od
fo
r g
am
e b
ird
s
an
d s
ma
ll m
am
ma
ls
Th
icke
t fo
rmin
g
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Su
sce
ptib
le to
fo
liar
dis
ea
se
s
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Mis
so
uri n
ative
Gra
y d
og
wo
od
C
orn
us r
ace
mo
sa
Go
os
eb
err
y
Rib
es s
pp
.
Ha
ze
lnu
t
Co
rylu
s a
me
rica
na
Na
nn
yb
err
y v
ibu
rnu
m
Vib
urn
um
le
nta
go
Nin
eb
ark
P
hyso
ca
rpu
s o
pu
lifo
lius
Pu
ss
y w
illo
w
Sa
lix d
isco
lor
Re
do
sie
r d
og
wo
od
C
orn
us s
tolo
nife
ra
Ru
sty
bla
ck
ha
w
Vib
urn
um
ru
fid
ulu
m
Se
rvic
eb
err
y
Am
ela
nch
ier
sp
p.
Sh
rub
le
sp
ed
eza
L
esp
ed
eza
bic
olo
r
Silk
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Additional Resources
Online: • USDA NRCS Plant Database: http://www.plants.usda.gov/• Plant Resource Guide: Materials and Management:
http://www.centerforagroforestry.org/pubs/training/app6.pdf• University of Connecticut Plant Database of Trees, Shrubs and Vines: http://hort.uconn.edu/
• Grow Native: http://www.grownative.org/
• Native Plant Information: http://grownative.org/native-plant-info/
• Silvics of North American Trees:http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/table_of_contents.htm
• MDC Private Lands Division: http://www.mdc.mo.gov/landown• Missouri Flora Database: http://www.missouriplants.com/• Arkansas Home and Garden Plant Database:
http://www.uaex.edu/yard-garden/resource-library/plant-database/• Native Prairie Plants of Iowa: https://store.extension.iastate.edu/Product/sul18-pdf• Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses: http://www.lib.ksu.edu/wildflower/• USDA Forest Service Plant Database: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/• Nebraska Forest Service Tree Selection: http://nfs.unl.edu/treecare/treeselection.asp