appendix 7 8

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/appendix-7-8 1/8

THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIAOF INDIA

PART - II (FORMULATIONS)VOLUME - II

First Edition

Appendix-7,8

GOVERNMENT OF INDIAMINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

DEPARTMENT OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI,

SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY,NEW DELHI2008

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CONTENTS

APPENDIX – 7. KÀ¡ras£tra 288

7.1. Methods of Physical Test 2887.2. Methods of Chemical Test 288

APPENDIX – 8. Weights and Measures 291

8.1 Metric Equivalents of Classical Weights and Measures 291

8. Metric System 292

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A p p en d ix -7: K s h a r a s u t r a

A P P E N DIX -7

K ½ ¡ R A S Ū

7.1. - M et h od s of P h y s ica l T es t

7.1.1. - L en g t h : L en g t h is t h e d is t a n ce f r om en d t o en d of t h e t h r ea d , a n d m ea s u r ed a s

f ollow s : F ix a s t a n d a r d m et er s ca le on a t a b le. P la ce t h e t h r ea d w it h on e cu t e n d ex a ct ly

coin cid in g w it h a d iv is ion on t h e s ca le. A p p ly in g ju s t en ou g h t en s ion t o k eep t h e t h r ea d

s t r a ig h t , p la ce t h e ot h er cu t en d on t h e s ca le, a n d n ot e t h e d iv is ion on t h e s ca le w it h

w h ich it coin cid es . R ea d t h e len g t h a n d r ecor d it t o a m m on t h e m et er s ca le, (w h ich

s h ou ld b e m a r k ed in m m ). R ep ea t t h e t es t on f ou r m or e t h r ea d s b elon g in g t o t h e s a m e

b a t ch . T h e a v er a g e is t a k en a s t h e len g t h of t h e t h r e a d .

7.1.2 . - W eig h t : R ecor d t h e w eig h t of ea ch t h r e a d u s ed in t h e t es t f or L en g t h , on a

b a la n ce of s en s it i v it y 0.1 m g . (0.0001 g ) T h e a v er a g e is t h e w eig h t of t h e t h r ea d .

7.1.3 . - Dia m et er : Det er m in e t h e d ia m et er on a m ea s u r i n g in s t r u m en t o f t h e d ia l g a u g e

t y p e, w it h a s en s it iv it y of 0.002 5 m m . T h e t a b le of t h e d ia l g a u g e is a b ou t 5 cm in

d ia m et er , w it h a p r e s s or f oot of a b ou t 12 .5 m m . T h e t ot a l loa d a p p lied b y t h e f oot w h en in

u s e s h a ll b e 2 00 g ± 15 g .

T a k e t h e t h r ea d t o b e m ea s u r e d f r om it s t u b e a n d ex p os e it t o r oom t em p er a t u r e f or a b ou t

h a lf a n h ou r . H old t h e t h r e a d a cr o s s t h e g a u g e t a b le w it h ju s t t h e t en s ion r eq u ir ed t o k eep it

s t r a ig h t , a n d a llow t h e p r es s or f oot t o t ou ch it . R ecor d t h e r ea d in g on t h e d ia l g a u g e a s t h e

t h ick n es s of t h e t h r e a d a t t h a t p oin t . T h r ee r e a d in g s a r e t o b e t a k en f or ea ch t h r ea d , on e a t

m id p oin t , a n d t w o a t eq u id is t a n ce on eit h er s id e of t h e m id p oin t . N o p oin t s h ou ld b e

w it h in 3 cm of eit h er en d of t h e t h r e a d .

T h e t es t is r ep ea t ed w it h f ou r m or e t h r e a d s of t h e s a m e b a t ch . T h e a v er a g e is t a k en a s t h e

d ia m et er of t h e t h r e a d .

7.1.4. - T en s ile s t r en g t h : T h is is ex p r e s s ed a s t h e b r ea k in g loa d in k g w h en t es t ed a s g iv en

b elow .

T h e t h r ea d u n d er t es t i s t ied t o a h ook s u s p en d ed f r om a s t a n d . A w eig h in g p a n of 2 5 0 g is

a t t a ch ed t o t h e ot h er en d of t h e t h r e a d , a n d a w eig h t of 2 k g is p la ced on t h e p a n . W eig h t s

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a r e a d d ed t o t h e p a n in in cr em en t s of 5 0 g , a llow in g f iv e s econ d s b et w een s u ch a d d it ion s .

A t t h e t im e t h e t h r e a d b r e a k s , t h e t ot a l w eig h t s in t h e p a n a n d w eig h t of t h e p a n it s elf is

r ecor d ed a s t h e b r ea k in g loa d of t h e t h r ea d . If t h e b r ea k a g e occu r s w it h in 1 cm f r om eit h er

en d s , t h e t es t s h ou ld b e r ep ea t ed on a f r es h t h r ea d . T h e a v er a g e of f i v e t es t s is r ecor d ed a s

t h e b r ea k in g loa d of on e b a t ch .

7.2 . - M et h od s of Ch em ica l T es t

7.2 .1. - L os s on d r y in g : T a k e 5 K ¾ ā r a s ¦ t r a a n d w eig h a ccu r a t ely . P la ce in t h e f or m of a

coil, in a t a r ed p et r i d is h ; k eep a t 1050

in a n ov en f or 3 h . Cool in a d es icca t or , w eig h t o

con s t a n t w eig h t a n d ca lcu la t e los s on d r y in g .

7.2 .2 . - W a t e r s olu b le ex t r a ct iv e: T a k e 5 K ¾ ā r a s ¦ t r a a n d w eig h a ccu r a t ely . M a cer a t e t h e

t es t m a t er i a l w it h w a t er (1: 40 w /v ) f or 5 m in u t es a t r oom t em p er a t u r e, r ef lu x f or 5m in u t es on s t ea m b a t h , cool t o r oom t em p er a t u r e a n d f ilt er in t o a g r a d u a t ed t u b e. M a k e

u p t h e or ig in a l v olu m e w it h w a t er . E v a p or a t e a k n ow n v olu m e a n d d r y t o a con s t a n t w eig h t

a t 100 -1050.

7.2 .3 . - n - H ex a n e s olu b le ex t r a ct i v e: Ca r r y ou t a s g iv en a b ov e u s in g n - h e x a n e in s t ea d of

w a t er .

7.2 .4. - H (A lk a lin it y ): T a k e a b ou t 0.1 g of coa t e d m a t e r ia l of K ¾ ā r a s ¦ t r a a n d a d d 10 m l

of ca r b on d iox id e f r ee w a t er . V or t ex t h e m ix t u r e f or 1 m in u t e, s et a s id e f or 15 m in u t es ,

v or t ex a g a in f or 1 m in u t e a n d f ilt er . Det er m in e t h e p H of clea r s u p er n a t a n t u s in g d ig it a l p H

m et er .

7.2 .5 . - S od iu m a n d P ot a s s iu m :

P r ep a r e s ep a r a t e s t ock s olu t ion of s o d i u m / p o t a s s i u m (5 00 m E q ) b y d is s olv in g

2 .9 2 3 0 g s o d i u m ch lo r i d e / 3 .72 8 0 g p o t a s s i u m ch lo r i d e in 100 m l t r ip le d is t illed w a t er .

P r ep a r e s ep a r a t e w or k in g s t a n d a r d s olu t ion s con t a in in g 0.5 , 1.0, 2 .0, 4.0 a n d 5 .0 m E q of

s o d i u m /p o t a s s i u f r o m t h e r e s p ect iv e s t a n d a r d s t ock s olu t ion s . U s in g f la m e p h ot om et er

w it h a p p r o p r i a t e f ilt er s , ca lib r a t e t h e s t a n d a r d s olu t ion s a n d p r e p a r e s ep a r a t e ca lib r a t ion

p lot s r es p ect iv ely f or s o d i u m /p o t a s s i u .

T a k e 0.1 g coa t ed m a t er ia l of K ¾ ār a s ¦ t r a a d d 15 m l of t r i p le d is t illed w a t er in 5 0 m l of

v olu m et r ic f la s k a n d s h a k e v ig or ou s l y a n d m a k e t h e v olu m e u p t o t h e m a r k . F ilt er t h e

s olu t ion a n d ch oos in g s o d i u m p o t a s s i u f ilt er , ca lcu la t e t h e con t en t of t h e

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s o d i u m /p o t a s s i u r es p ect i v ely in t h e coa t e d m a t e r ia l of K ¾ ā r a s ¦ t r a b y in t er p ola t ion f r om

t h e ca lib r a t ion p lot .

7.2 .6 . - T ot a l a lk a lies : E s t im a t e t h e t ot a l a lk a lies a s ca r b on a t e in t h e coa t ed

m a t er i a l of K ¾ ār a s ¦ t r a b y t it r a t in g a k n ow n v olu m e of t h e a q u eou s s olu t ionp r e p a r e d f or d et er m in a t ion of p H , w it h N /2 5 h y d r o ch lo r i c a ci d u s i n g p H m et er t o a n

en d p oin t p H of 3 .6 . Ca lcu la t e p er cen t a g e of t ot a l a lk a li a s ca r b on a t e u s in g t h e t it er v a lu e.

7.2 .7. – T u r m er ic: M ois t en 0.2 g of coa t ed m a t er ia l of K ¾ ār a s ¦ t r a a n d 0.05 g T u r m er ic,

ea ch s ep a r a t ely , w it h 0.5 m l % v /v h y d r och lor ic a cid f or 5 m in u t es . E x t r a ct ea ch

s ep a r a t ely w it h 4 x 5 m l a ce t on e b y v or t ex in g f or 3 0 s econ d s , a t 0,5 a n d 10

m in u t es . P ool t h e r es p ect iv e ex t r a ct s , f ilt er a n d m a k e u p t h e v olu m e t o 2 5 m l u s in g

a ce t on e . R ea d t h e a b s or b a n ce of t h e ea ch ex t r a ct a f t er s u it a b le d ilu t ion , a t 418 n m a g a in s t

a ce t on e B la n k . Ca lcu la t e t h e p er cen t a g e of T u r m er ic in t h e coa t ed m a t er ia l of K ¾ ār a s ¦ t r a

u s in g t h e a b s or b a n ce of R ef er en ce T u r m er ic.

7.2 .8 . - Cu r cu m in

M ois t en 0.2 g of coa t ed m a t er ia l of K ¾ ār a s ¦ t r a w it h 0.5 m l % v /v h y d r o ch lo r i c a cid f or 5

m in u t es . E x t r a ct t h e m ix t u r e w it h 4 x 5 m l a cet o n e b y v or t ex in g f or 3 0 s econ d s , ea ch a t 0,

a n d 10 m in u t e. P ool t h e ex t r a ct s , f ilt er a n d m a k e u p t h e v olu m e t o 2 5 m l u s in g

a ce t on e . T a k e 10 m l of t h e s olu t ion , ev a p or a t e a t r oom t em p er a t u r e t o a b ou t 0.1 m l.

A p p ly q u a n t i t a t iv ely 0.1 m l of s a m p le s olu t ion , 15 µl (1 m g /m l) s olu t ion of R ef er en ce

Cu r cu m in in a ce t on e a n d 5 0 µl of a ce t on e a s B la n k on a ch r om a t op la t e. Dev elop t h e

P la t e in ch lo r o f o r : m e t h a n o l (49 :1). M a r k t h e y ellow colou r ed Cu r cu m in z on e in

r ef er en ce, t es t s a m p le a n d b la n k . S ep a r a t e t h e s p ot s a n d ex t r a ct ea ch w it h 5 x 4 m l

m et h a n o l a n d m a k e u p t h e v olu m e t o 2 5 m l in ea ch ca s e. R ea d t h e a b s or b a n ce of

m et h a n o l s olu t ion of coa t ed m a t e r ia l of K ¾ ā r a s ¦ t r a a n d Cu r cu m in a f t er s u it a b le d ilu t ion

a g a in s t b la n k a t 418 n m . Ca lcu la t e t h e p er cen t a g e of Cu r c u m in in t h e s a m p le w it h

r es p ect t o t h e R ef e r en ce Cu r cu m in .

7.2 .9 . - S u lp h a t ed A s h

H ea t s ilica cr u cib le t o r ed n es s f or 10 m in u t e, a llow t o cool in a d es icca t or a n d w eig h .

T a k e 3 K ¾ ā r a s ¦ t r a s , in t h e cr u cib le a n d w eig h a ccu r a t ely . Ig n it e g en t ly a t f ir s t , u n t il t h e

s u b s t a n ce is t h or ou g h ly ch a r r ed . Cool, m ois t en t h e r es id u e w it h 1 m l of con c. S u lp h u r i c

a ci , h ea t g en t ly u n t il w h it e f u m es a r e n o lon g er ev olv ed a n d ig n it e a t 8 000

u n t il a ll

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b la ck p a r t icles h a v e d is a p p ea r ed (con d u ct t h e ig n it ion in a p la ce p r ot ect ed f r om a ir

cu r r en t s ). A llow t h e cr u cib le t o cool, a d d a f ew d r op s of con c. s u lp h u r i c a cid a n d h ea t .

Ig n it e a s b ef or e, a llow t o cool a n d w eig h t o con s t a n t w eig h t . Ca lcu la t e t h e p er cen t a g e of

S u lp h a t ed a s h .

7.2 .10. - E u p h ol

E x t r a ct 0.2 g of coa t ed m a t er ia l of K ¾ ār a s ¦ t r a w it h 5 x 5 m l n - h e x a n e b y v or t ex in g

f or 3 0 s econ d s , ea ch a t 0, 5 ,10 ,15 a n d 2 0 m in u t e. P ool t h e ex t r a ct s , f ilt er a n d

r ecov er t h e s olv en t u n d er r ed u ced p r es s u r e a n d r ed is s olv e t h e r es id u e in 1 m l ch lo r o f o r :

m et h a n o l (3 :2 ). A p p ly q u a n t it a t iv ely 100 µl of t h e a b ov e s olu t ion , 100 µl (5 m g /m l)

s olu t ion of R ef er en ce E u p h o l in n - h e x a n e a n d 100 µl of n - h e x a n e a s B la n k on a

ch r om a t og r a m p la t e. Dev elop t h e p la t e in ch lo r o f o r m : - h e x a n e (4:1). M a r k t h e E u p h o l

z on es in s a m p le, R ef er en ceE u p h o l

a n d B la n k b y v is u a liz in g in iod in e ch a m b er . R em ov et h e iod in e b y v a p or i z in g in a n ov en a t 5 0

0f or 2 0 m in u t es . S ep a r a t e t h e z on es i n d iv id u a lly ,

ex t r a ct ea ch w it h 5 x 4 m l n - h e x a n e a n d m a k e u p t h e v olu m e t o 2 5 m l in ea ch ca s e. T a k e 2

m l f r om ea ch ex t r a ct s ep a r a t ely in a t es t t u b e a n d d r y on a b oilin g w a t er b a t h . Cool t h e

r e s id u e t o t h e r oom t em p er a t u r e a n d a d d 4 m l of a ce t i c a n h y d r i d e t o ea ch a n d cool f u r t h er

in a n ice b a t h f or 15 m in u t es . A d d 0.05 m l cold con c. s u lp h u r i c a cid ca r ef u lly t o ea ch t u b e

a n d m ix t h or ou g h ly a n d s et a s i d e in a d a r k cu p b oa r d f or e x a ct ly 1.5 h ou r s a n d r ea d t h e

a b s or b a n ce a t 2 8 1 n m a g a in s t B la n k . Ca lcu la t e t h e p er cen t a g e of E u p h o l in the coated

material of K¾ā r a s ¦ t r a w it h r es p ect t o t h e R ef er en ce E u p h o l .

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A p p en d ix -8 : W eig h t s a n d M ea s u r es

APPENDIX-8

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

8.1. - METRIC EQUIVALENTS OF CLASSICAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURESWeights and measures described in Ayurvedic classics and their metric equivalents

adopted by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee

The following table of metric equivalents of weights

and measures, linear measures and measurement of time used

in the Ayurvedic classics have been approved by the

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia committee in consultation with

Indian Standards Institution.

I. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Classical Unit Metric

Equivalent

1 R a t t i or G u ® j¢ = 12 5 m g

8 R a t t i or G u ® j ¢ s =1 M ¢ ¾ a = 1 g

12 M ¢ ¾ a s =1 K a r ¾ a = 12 g

(T ola )

2 K a r ¾ a s (T ola s ) =1 ¹ u k t i = 2 4 g

2 ¹ u k t is =1 P a la m = 48 g

(4 K a r ¾ a s or T ola s )

2 P a la m s =1 P r a s r t i = 9 6 g

2 P r a s ¨ t is =1 K u ² a v a = 19 2 g

2 K u ² a v a s =1 M ¢ n ik a = 3 8 4 g

2 M ¢ n ik a s =1 P r a s t h a = 76 8 g

4 P r a s t h a s =1 ¡ ² h a k a = 3 k g 73 g

4 ¡ ² h a k a s =1 D o´ a = 12 k g 2 2 8 g

2 D o´ a s =1 ¹ ¦ r p a = 2 4k g 5 76 g

2 ¹ ¦ r p a s =1 D¨ o i = 49 k g 15 2 g

(V a h i)

4 D o´ is =1 K h ¢ r i = 19 6 k g 6 08 g

1 P a la m = 48 g100 P a la m s =1 T u la = 4 k g 8 00 g

2 0 T u la s =1 B h ¢ r a = 9 6 k g

In case of liquids, the metric equivalents would bethe corresponding litre and milliliter.

II. LINEAR MEASURES

Classical Unit Inches Metric

Equivalents

1. Y a v od a r a 1/8 of 3 /4 ” 0.2 4 cm

2 . A ¬ g u la /4 ” 1.9 5 cm

3 . B it a h a s t i 9 ” 2 2 .8 6 cm

4. A r a t n i 10 1/2 ” 41.9 1 cm5 . H a s t a 18 ”

45 .72 cm

6 . N ¨ p a h a s t a 2 2 ” 5 5 .8 8 cm

(R ¢ ja h a s t a )

7. V y a m a 72 ” 18 2 .8 8 cm

III. MEASUREMENT OF TIME

Unit Equivalent(in

hours,minutes

& in seconds)

2 K ¾ a ¬ a =1 L a v a

2 L a v a s =1 N im e¾ a

3 N i m e¾ a s =1 K a ¾ ° h a = 4.6 6 s econ d s

1 G h a t i = 2 4 M in u t es

3 0 K a s ° h a s =1 K a l¢ = 2 M in u t es

2 0 s econ d s

2 0 K a l¢ + 3

K a ¾ ° h a s =1 M u h ¦ r t a = 48 M in u t es

3 0 M u h ¦ r t a s =1 A h or ¢ t r a = 2 4 H r s .

15 A h or ¢ t r a s =1 P a k ¾ a = 15 Da y s

2 P a k ¾ a s =1 M ¢ s a = 3 0 Da y s /

On e M on t h

2 M ¢ s a =1 § t u = 6 0 Da y s /T w o M on t h s

3 § t u s =1 A y a n a = 6 M on t h s

2 A y a n a s =1 S a m v a t s a r a = 12 M on t h s /

On e Y ea r

5 S a m v a t s a r a =1Y u g a = 5 Y ea r s

1 A h or ¢ t r a of Dev a s = 1 Y ea r

1 A h or ¢ t r a of P it a r a s = 1 M on t h

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8.2. - METRIC SYSTEM :

Measure of Mass (Weights)

1 Kilogram (Kg) – is the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram.

1 Gramme (g) – the 1000th

part of 1 Kilogram.1Milligram (mg) – the 1000th part of 1 gramme.

1 Microgram (µg) – the 1000th part of 1 milligram.

Measures of capacity (Volumes)

1 Litre (1) is the volume occupied at its temperature of maximum density by a quantity of water having a mass of 1 Kilogram.

1 Millilitre (ml) the 1000th part of 1 litre.

The accepted relation between the litre and the cubic centimetre is 1 litre –1000.027 cubiccentimeters.

Relation of capacity of Weight (Metric)

One litre of water at 200 weighs 997.18 grams when weighed in air of density 0.0012 gram per

millilitre against brass weights of density 84 grams per millilitre.

Measures of Length

1 Metre (m) is the length of the International Prototype Metre at 0.1 Centimetre (cm) – the 100th part of 1 metre.

1 Millimetre (mm) – the 1000th part of 1 metre.

1 Micron (µ) – the 1000th

part of 1 millimetre1 Milliimicron (mµ) – the 1000th part of micron.

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