appendix 4 minutes of discussions · 1) necessity of formation and capacity building of cowso...

APPENDIX 4

Minutes of Discussions

A4 - 1

Appendix 4 Minutes of Discussions

A4 - 2

A4 - 3

A4 - 4

A4 - 5

A4 - 6

A4 - 7

A4 - 8

A4 - 9

A4 - 10

A4 - 11

A4 - 12

A4 - 13

A4 - 14

A4 - 15

A4 - 16

A4 - 17

A4 - 18

A4 - 19

A4 - 20

A4 - 21

A4 - 22

APPENDIX 5

Soft Component Plan

Appendix 5 Software Component Plan

A5 - 1


Plan for Software Component Program

1. Background

Formation and capacity building of COWSOs (Community-Owned Water Supply Organizations), which own and manage the water supply scheme, and capacity building of local governments and concerned organizations in provision of technical guidance for the community was requested by Tanzanian Government, as well as construction of the Level-2 supply scheme. Reviewing the national policy and strategy of rural water supply sub-sector and assessing current operation and maintenance of rural supply scheme in the Basic Design Study, problems of communities, local government, and concerned organizations in operation and maintenance and issues to be improved are summarized as followed.

1) Necessity of formation and capacity building of COWSO (Community-Owned Water Supply Organization)

Significance of user-paying principle in operation and maintenance of the supply scheme in rural setting has been reconfirmed in National Water Policy of 2002. Although the mode and form of community-based organization established for managing water supply scheme is not clarified in the Policy, conventional Village Water Committee (VWC) appointed by and formed under Village Council are assumed to operate and maintain the scheme as in the past.

In the final draft of National Water Supply Sector Development Strategy 2005-2015, establishment of COWSOs (Community-Owned Water Supply Organizations) is advocated as desirable community-based organization for management of the supply scheme. Inactivation of the conventional VWC, which has been formed since 1970’s and expected to operate and maintain the supply scheme as community-based organization, facilitate that advocacy to introduce COWSOs for community-based operation and maintenance. Conventional VWCs are appointed by and formed under Village Council, which are expected to function as organization providing village-based operation and maintenance for the supply scheme. However, lack of technical guidance and provision of training for capacity building for communities in operation and maintenance discourage the committees. Also, intervention and influence by Village Council, as well as lack of skills in fee collection and mismanagement of the Water Fund, inactivate and malfunctioned most of VWC. As such disadvantages and limits of community- and voluntary-based management by VWC has been recognized since mid 1990’s, the government urges introduction of COWSO as sustainable form of community-based management for the supply schemes.

There is clear distinction between conventional Village Water Committee (VWC) and Community-Owned Water Supply Organization, the latter legally owning and managing the water supply scheme. In the process of its formation, consensus building is made among community on COWSO management option, preparation of organizational and managerial constitution/by-law, and selection of COWSO management board members in a fair manner by community election. Through those


A5 - 2

processes, functional roles and responsibilities of COWSO are clearly defined and fully recognized by the community. Therefore, COWSO is a community-based organization founded on the relationship with user communities (consumers) as a potential service provider, while conventional VWC is a consumer organization less independent from and formed under Village Council. Although COWSO takes variety of organizational forms, such as Water Users Association (WUA), Water User Group (WUG), Water Company by Guarantee, according to their constitution/by-law developed, management option, and acts applied for their registration, general characteristics of the organization are as followed:

□ Consensus is built among community on organizational and management options for operation and maintenance of the supply scheme.

□ Organizational and managerial constitutions/by-laws are prepared in a participatory manner with communities and approved by the communities.

□ Management board of COWSO is selected in a fair manger through community election. □ The organizations are registered as civil society under Ministry of Water or local government,

and functional roles and responsibilities are clarified with their constitutions/by-laws. □ Decision making process is independent and different from Village Council. □ The organization is independent entity and cooperating relationship is built with Village Council

and local politics (i.e. local councilors, and political group). □ Capacity development of the organization in operation and maintenance is ensured through

trainings provided by External Supporting Agencies (ESA), such as donor, local authorities, and NGOs.

□ Monitoring and follow-up is regularly provided by local authorities.

Conceptual framework of COWSO has been already introduced in the rural water supply project implemented by Ministry of Water, as well as Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (RWSS) supported by World Bank, Shinyanga Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program supported by Netherlands government. In the implementation of those rural water supply program and project, COWSOs, in the form of Water Users Association (WUA) and Water Users Group (WUG), are formed, aiming at realization of the community-based management in sustainable manners. Furthermore, in the rural water supply scheme implemented in early 2000’s in Morogoro Region, trustee entity to manage the supply scheme was formed in the community and incorporated to Water Company by Guarantee, which is successfully performed as professional service provider. Those Water Companies by Guarantee contracted to manage the supply scheme with WUAs formed in the communities as trust body, setting performance target and indicator.

In the former development/feasibility study, the Study on Water Supply Improvement in Coast Region and Dar es Salaam Peri-Urban carried out by JICA, comparative analysis to assess the performance of each COWSO organizational option was carried out. Each COWSO organizational potion was assessed in seven criteria, such as business-oriented management, efficiency in management, competency and confidence in management, technical guarantee for operation and maintenance, guarantee for efficient cost recovery, internal and external communication and reporting transparency, and external funds


A5 - 3

acquisition. As a result, it was assessed that Water Users Association (WUA) is the most suitable institutional option for management of Level-2 supply scheme (small scale piped scheme supplying through public stands) constructed under the Project. It is recognized that for the management of point source-type of water supply scheme (Level-1), such as wells fitted with hand pump, Water User Group formed each water point is the most suitable organizational option. However, in the Project, WUA is introduced even in the Level-1 scheme, since a number of boreholes fitted with hand pump are constructed in each Level-1 target communities and integrated management mechanism in a united manner by the community is required.

High

Low

Bus

iness

-Orien

ted

Man

agem

ent

Eff

icie

ncy

in

Man

agem

ent

Tech

nical

Guar

ante

e fo

r O

pera

tion a

nd

Mai

ntene

nce

High High

Inte

rnal

and

Ext

erna

l C

om

mun

icat

ion,

Repo

rtin

g, T

rans

pare

ncy

High

Ext

erna

l Fun

ds

Acqu

isitio

n

High

HighFair

HighFair

HighFair

HighFair

Fair

Fair Fair Fair Fair

LowFair Fair Fair Fair

FairLow

FairLow

FairLow

FairLow

Low

Low Low Low Low Low

Com

pete

ncy

and

Confide

nce

in

Man

agem

ent

High

HighFair

Fair

Fair

FairLow

Low

Guar

ante

e for

Eff

icie

nt C

ost

R

eco

very

High

HighFair

Fair

Fair

FairLow

Low

Water Company by Share

Water Company by Guarantee

Water User Association

Water Trust/Co-operative

Water User Group

Village Water Committee

Figure A5-1 Comparative Analysis on Key Management Criteria for COWSO Options

Table A5-1 Characteristics of Each COWSO

Village Water Committee (VWC)

The most conventional form of community-based organization to manage supply scheme, of which members are appointed by Village Council. Formed under Village Council, most of VWCs are less independent and competent in its management without required skills and knowledge.

Water User Group (WUG)

This community-based organization is formed in each domestic water points, such as wells installed with hand pumps and water kiosk, which manage only domestic water points, rather than entire supply scheme. Thus, a number of WUGs are often exists in a community, which often brings lack of unity and inefficiency in entire scheme management.

Water User Association (WUA)

This form of community-based organization is formed in the supply scheme consisted of a number of domestic water points and other supply facilities.. General assembly of the WUA is consisted of each and every user household, and directive board members are elected for the management of the supply scheme. WUAs are regally registered under relevant authorities, preparing their constitutions for the scheme and organizational management.


Water Company by Guarantee is formed (or exists) as service provider to provide operation and maintenance service and/or entire scheme management according to the contract concluded with COWSOs. Their competency in the service provision is relatively high.

Water Company by Share

This is consirably professional form of service provider to provide entire scheme management in a large schale.


A5 - 4

Although the most of supply schemes in the Project area are operated and maintained by the communities forming VWCs, functioning rates of the existing schemes are left at 77% and 35% in Dar es Salaam Region and Coast Region, respectively. While the most direct cause of the low functioning rate is breakdowns and burglary of the intake facilities, it can be rooted in poor management of the scheme by VWCs. In the implementation of the Project, capacity of the target communities shall be improved in operation and maintenance of the scheme, introducing appropriate form of COWSO and providing training in organizational and scheme management through implementation of “Software Component Program” under the Project.

In the target area of the Study, conventional Village Water Committee (VWC) is the most popular form of organization for the community-based operation and maintenance. However, functional rate of the Level-2 supply scheme in the area remain at 25% (77% in Dar es Salaam Region, and 35% in Coast Region). Although such a low functional rate is directly caused by breakdown of intake facilities and equipment being stolen, weakness of conventional VWC in operation and maintenance is also one of key factors. Thus, in the implementation of the Project, introduction of conceptual framework of COWSO, and capacity building of the communities in operation and maintenance through provision of training and monitoring shall be facilitated through implementation of software component of the Project.

2) Capacity development of District/Municipal Council in provision of technical guidance

Lack of institutional support, such as technical guidance for the community in formation of community-based organization, organizational management, financial management and accounting, and follow-up and monitoring, has been stated as one of major problem in operation and maintenance of rural water supply scheme, which is also regarded as one of causes for low functional rate of the supply scheme in the Project area. It can be said that the provision of institutional support to the communities is indispensable for sustainable community-based management for the supply scheme facilitated by COWSO described above. In the national policy and strategy for rural water supply, District/Municipal Water Engineer (DWE/MWE) assigned under District/Municipal Council is responsible for mobilization of communities in establishment of community-based organization, provision of training for capacity development of the organization in operation and maintenance, and provision of technical guidance and community monitoring. However, there are limits in capacity of DWE/MWE to provide such institutional supports in planned and organized manners.

In order to strength capacity of local authorities, guiding model has been facilitated in the country to form and develop capacity of District/Municipal Water and Sanitation Team (DWST/MWST). In general, DWST/MWST is formed under each District/Municipal Council and consists of District/Municipal Water Engineer (DWE/MWE), District/Municipal Planning Officer, District/Municipal Health Officer, District/Municipal Community Development, of which composition enables integrated approach for the sub-sector development. In the targeted District and Municipality, DWST/MWST has not been formed, and their capacity in provision of technical guidance and monitoring is poorly developed. In addition to the introduction of COWSO described above,


A5 - 5

establishment and capacity building of DWST/MWST shall be also enhanced by implementation of software component of the Project.

Figure A5-2 Operation and Maintenance Structure

2. Objectives of Software Component of the Project

In order to achieve the project objective of “safe and stable water is supplied to and consumed by the target communities through the water supply scheme constructed by the Project” and assure sustainability of impact brought by the Project, the software component of the Project is implemented to establish community-based operation and maintenance mechanism and enhance capacity of local authorities in provision of technical guidance to the target communities.

3. Expected Output of the Software Component

Outputs expected by the implementation of the software component of the Project are as followed:

Output (1) Community-based operation and maintenance mechanism is established and enhanced in the target community

One of the outputs is to establish community-based operation and maintenance mechanism in the community through the implementation of related activities. To put it concretely, its realization is aimed through provision of technical support for each target community to form and develop the capacity of Water Users Association (WUA). The followings are detail outputs expected in the establishment of community-based operation and maintenance mechanism.

□ Consensus is build among each target community on managerial and organizational options for community-based operation and maintenance of the supply scheme.


A5 - 6

□ Users pay for membership fee to join WUA, and General Assembly of WUA composed of all users are formed.

□ General Assembly meeting of WUA is held and Directive Board members of WUA are selected through the community election.

□ Constitutions/by-laws regarding organizational management is prepared by Directive Board of WUA, and approved by General Assembly.

□ Constitutions/by-laws regarding operation and maintenance of the supply scheme is prepared by Directive Board of WUA, and approved by General Assembly.

□ Newly formed WUA is registered as civil society either under Ministry of Water or local government framework, and functional roles and responsibilities of WUA, community, and local government in operation and maintenance of the supply scheme is clearly defined and understood.

□ Capacity of WUA is improved in operation and maintenance of the supply scheme and organizational management through provision of training packages in these fields.

□ WUA builds cooperating relationship with Village Council and local political group, while keeping independence in decision making process of WUA.

Output (2) Capacity of District/Municipal Council to provide technical guidance for the communities is improved

District/Municipal Water and Sanitation Team (DWST/MWST) is formed in each District and Municipal Council, and preparedness of institutional support to the communities is enhanced. Detail output expected in this regards are described as followed:

□ District/Municipal Water and Sanitation Team (DWST/MWST) is formed, which composes of Water Engineer, Planning Officer, Health Officer, and Community Officer under District/Municipal Council.

□ Capacity of DWST/MWST is improved in support for establishment of community-based organization, community mobilization and consensus building, provision of technical guidance in operation and maintenance.

□ DWST/MWST provides regular follow-up and monitoring activities for community-based management of the supply scheme.

4. Means of Verification

Means of verification to assess the output set in 3 above are as followed:

Means of Verification for Output (1) Community-based operation and maintenance mechanism is established and enhanced in the target community

□ Minutes of agreement in the General Assembly of WUA on selection of community-based operation and maintenance options for the supply scheme.

□ Members list for General Assembly of WUA


A5 - 7

□ Minutes of meeting in General Assembly of WUA, Records of election for Directive Board of WUA, and members list for Directive Board

□ Constitution of WUA regarding operation and maintenance of the supply scheme □ Constitution of WUA regarding organizational and institutional management □ Registration certificate of WUA □ Records of operation, maintenance, and accounting □ Records of training provided for WUA □ Completion Report of Software Component Program

Means of Verification for Output (2) Capacity of District/Municipal Council to provide technical guidance for the communities is improved

□ Member list of DWST □ Training manual for DWST/MWST in establishment of community-based operation and

maintenance and PHAST (Participatory Health and Sanitation Transformation) □ Record of OJT for DWST/MWST □ Prepared plan of DWST/MWST for monitoring and evaluation □ Completion report of Software Component Program

5. Activities and Input in Software Component Program

Activities necessary for achievement of objectives and outputs set above are described as followed:

1) Activities related for establishment of community-based operation and maintenance mechanism

□ Conduct general community meeting □ Carry out participatory community assessment and prepare CAP (Community Action Plan) □ Implement activities to facilitate community participation in the target communities □ Form General Assembly of WUA and conduct community election to select Directive Board of

WUA □ Prepare WUA constitution regarding operation and maintenance, and organization management □ Register WUA under Ministry of Water or local authority □ Provide capacity development training for WUA in operation and maintenance of the supply

scheme

2) Activities related for capacity building of DWST/MWST in provision of technical guidance for the communities

□ Prepare field manual for DWST/MWST □ Form DWST/MWST (District/Municipal Water and Sanitation Team) □ Provide TOT (Training of Trainers) for DWST/MWST, and prepare action plan of

DWST/MWST □ Provide OJT (On-the-Job Training) for DWST/MWST to carry out activities at field level,

utilizing field manual prepared.


A5 - 8

□ Prepare action plan of DWST/MWST for monitoring and evaluation.

3) Activities to measure the impact brought by the Project

□ Carry out monitoring and follow-up activities by DWST/MWST □ Implement post baseline survey

The following table summarizes activities described above by objectives, target group, means of implementation, days and human resources required, and output for each activity.

A5 - 9


Tabl

e A5-

2 A

ctiv

ities

of S

oftw

are

Com

pone

nt P

rogr

amm

e

Act

ivity

O

utpu

t Ta

rget

M

eans

of

Impl

emen

tatio

nPe

riod

Im

plem

ente

r 【

Res

pons

ibili

ty】

Out

put o

f Su

bmis

sion

Stag

e 1：

Pre-

Plan

ning

Prep

arat

ion

of F

ield

Man

ual

【C

onte

nts o

f Man

ual】

Lead

ersh

ip S

kill

O

rgan

izat

iona

l Man

agem

ent S

kill

Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

Tech

nica

l Ope

ratio

n an

d M

aint

enan

ce

PH

AST

(Par

ticip

ator

y H

ealth

and

Sa

nita

tion

Tran

sfor

mat

ion)

Parti

cipa

tory

Mon

itorin

g an

d Ev

alua

tion

Fiel

d im

plem

enta

tion

man

ual f

or

train

ers,

whi

ch is

util

ized

in th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of fi

eld

activ

ities

, is

prep

ared

.

4 D

istri

cts

3 M

unic

ipal

ities

C

onsu

ltatio

n an

d ne

eds

asse

ssm

ent w

ith

impl

emen

ting

agen

cy,

prep

arat

ion

and

deve

lopm

ent

20 d

ays

Japa

nese

C

onsu

ltant

N

GO

/ Lo

cal C

onsu

ltant

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

Fiel

d M

anua

l

Fo

rmat

ion

of D

WST

/MW

ST

(Dis

trict

/Mun

icip

al W

ater

and

San

itatio

n Te

am

DW

ST/M

WST

, whi

ch c

ompo

ses o

f di

stric

t/mun

icip

al st

aff i

nvol

ved

in

deve

lopm

ent o

f wat

er a

nd sa

nita

tion

sect

or, i

s for

med

in e

ach

dist

rict a

nd

mun

icip

ality

, and

mul

ti se

ctor

ap

proa

ches

can

be

intro

duce

d.

4 D

istri

cts

3 M

unic

ipal

ities

R

eque

st to

eac

h di

stric

t and

m

unic

ipal

ity b

y im

plem

entin

g ag

ency

0.5

mon

th/

dist

rict,

mun

icip

ality

MoW

, Dis

trict

/ M

unic

ipal

Cou

ncil

【Ta

nzan

ian

Side

】

Mem

ber l

ist o

f D

WST

/MW

ST

Pr

ovis

ion

of T

OT

(Tra

inin

g of

Tra

iner

s)

for D

WST

/MW

ST a

nd P

repa

ratio

n of

D

WST

/MW

ST A

ctio

n Pl

an

【C

onte

nts】

Lead

ersh

ip S

kill

O

rgan

izat

iona

l Man

agem

ent S

kill

Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

Tech

nica

l Ope

ratio

n an

d M

aint

enan

ce

PH

AST

(Par

ticip

ator

y H

ealth

and

Sa

nita

tion

Tran

sfor

mat

ion)

Parti

cipa

tory

Mon

itorin

g an

d Ev

alua

tion

Util

izin

g fie

ld im

plem

enta

tion

man

ual,

faci

litat

ion

skill

s of D

WST

/MW

ST a

re

impr

oved

, and

DW

ST/M

WST

Act

ion

Plan

for t

he im

plem

enta

tion

of so

ftwar

e co

mpo

nent

pro

gram

is p

repa

red.

4 D

WST

3

MW

ST

Wor

ksho

p se

min

ar

5 da

ys/ d

istri

ct,

mun

icip

ality

Ja

pane

se

Con

sulta

nt

NG

O/

Loca

l Con

sulta

nt

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

Wor

ksho

p R

epor

t D

WST

/MW

ST

Act

ion

Plan

A5 - 10


Act

ivity

O

utpu

t Ta

rget

M

eans

of

Impl

emen

tatio

nPe

riod

Im

plem

ente

r 【

Res

pons

ibili

ty】

Out

put o

f Su

bmis

sion

Stag

e 2：

Par

ticip

ator

y Pl

anni

ng

C

omm

unity

Con

sulta

tive

Mee

ting,

and

C

onfir

mat

ion

of P

re-C

ondi

tions

for

Con

stru

ctio

n

Com

mun

ities

und

erst

and

proj

ect

purp

ose,

exp

ecte

d ou

tput

, and

det

ail

activ

ities

and

will

ingn

ess t

o co

llabo

rate

th

e pr

ojec

t is e

nhan

ced.

In

par

ticul

ar,

Use

r-Pay

-Prin

cipl

e is

und

erst

ood.

Pr

e-co

nditi

on (W

UA

form

atio

n an

d re

gist

ratio

n) fo

r the

con

stru

ctio

n of

im

prov

ed w

ater

supp

ly sy

stem

is

conf

irmed

.

All

of T

arge

t C

omm

uniti

es

Mee

tings

0.

5 da

y/C

omm

unity

Ja

pane

se

Con

sulta

nt

NG

O/L

ocal

C

onsu

ltant

D

WST

/MW

ST

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

Min

utes

of

Mee

ting

Pa

rtici

pato

ry C

omm

unity

Ass

essm

ent,

and

Prep

arat

ion

of C

omm

unity

Act

ion

Plan

(CA

P)

Prob

lem

s and

con

cern

s in

oper

atio

n an

d m

aint

enan

ce o

f im

prov

ed w

ater

supp

ly

sche

me

are

iden

tifie

d an

d an

alyz

ed, a

nd

Com

mun

ity A

ctio

n Pl

an (C

AP)

, whi

ch

indi

cate

d co

mm

unity

task

, and

mea

ns o

f im

plem

enta

tion,

is d

evel

oped

in

parti

cipa

tory

man

ner.

All

of T

arge

t C

omm

uniti

es

Parti

cipa

tory

fie

ld w

orks

hop

1.0

day/

com

mun

ity

Japa

nese

C

onsu

ltant

N

GO

/ Lo

cal C

onsu

ltant

D

WST

/MW

ST

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

Wor

ksho

p R

epor

t C

omm

unity

Act

ion

Plan

(CA

P)

C

omm

unity

Con

sulta

tive

Mee

ting

(Con

sens

us B

uild

ing

for C

omm

unity

A

ctio

n Pl

an)

Com

mun

ity c

onse

nsus

for C

AP

is m

ade.

All

of T

arge

t C

omm

uniti

es

Mee

ting

0.5

day/

com

mun

ity

Japa

nese

C

onsu

ltant

N

GO

/ Lo

cal C

onsu

ltant

D

WST

/MW

ST

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

Agr

eed

CA

P

Stag

e 3：

Con

stru

ctio

n/Im

plem

enta

tion

Pr

epar

atio

n of

Con

stitu

tion

for

com

mun

ity-b

ased

ope

ratio

n an

d m

aint

enan

ce, a

nd o

rient

atio

n on

the

WSS

(Wat

er S

uppl

y an

d Sa

nita

tion)

M

anag

emen

t Opt

ion

unde

r Sec

tor

Ref

orm

Vario

us W

SS m

anag

emen

t opt

ions

un

der s

ecto

r ref

orm

are

intro

duce

d to

th

e co

mm

uniti

es, a

nd c

onst

itutio

ns o

f W

UA

for c

omm

unity

-bas

ed

man

agem

ent a

re p

repa

red.

All

of T

arge

t C

omm

uniti

es（W

UA

）

Parti

cipa

tory

fie

ld w

orks

hop

0.5

day/

com

mun

ity

Japa

nese

C

onsu

ltant

N

GO

/ Lo

cal C

onsu

ltant

D

WST

/MW

ST

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

WU

A C

onst

itutio

n W

orks

hop

Rep

ort

C

apac

ity B

uild

ing

of C

omm

uniti

es in

O

pera

tion

and

Mai

nten

ance

, Im

plem

enta

tion

of H

ealth

and

San

itatio

n Ed

ucat

ion,

and

OJT

(On-

the-

Job

Trai

ning

)

Faci

litat

ion

of C

omm

unity

Pa

rtici

patio

n

Cap

acity

of c

omm

unity

in m

anag

emen

t, op

erat

ion

and

mai

nten

ance

of i

mpr

oved

w

ater

supp

ly sc

hem

e an

d co

mm

unity

aw

aren

ess i

n he

alth

and

sani

tatio

n is

im

prov

ed, a

nd fa

cilit

atio

n sk

ills o

f D

WST

/MW

ST is

enh

ance

d th

roug

h O

JT.

All

of T

arge

t C

omm

uniti

es

DW

ST/M

WST

C

OR

Ps

Parti

cipa

tory

fie

ld w

orks

hop

5.0

days

/ C

omm

unity

Japa

nese

C

onsu

ltant

N

GO

/ Lo

cal C

onsu

ltant

D

WST

/MW

ST

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

Trai

ning

Rep

ort

A5 - 11


Act

ivity

O

utpu

t Ta

rget

M

eans

of

Impl

emen

tatio

nPe

riod

Im

plem

ente

r 【

Res

pons

ibili

ty】

Out

put o

f Su

bmis

sion

Im

prov

emen

t of L

eade

rshi

p Sk

ill

of W

UA

Enha

ncem

ent o

f Fin

anci

al

Man

agem

ent f

or W

UA

Acc

ount

ant

Te

chni

cal T

rain

ing

for W

UA

A

rtisa

n in

Ope

ratio

n an

d M

aint

enan

ce

Tr

aini

ng fo

r CO

RPs

(Com

mun

ity

Res

ourc

e Pe

rson

s) in

PH

AST

(P

artic

ipat

ory

Hea

lth a

nd

Sani

tatio

n Tr

ansf

orm

atio

n), a

nd

Hea

lth a

nd S

anita

tion

Educ

atio

n

Follo

w-u

p A

ctiv

ities

for C

apac

ity

Bui

ldin

g, a

nd H

ealth

and

San

itatio

n Ed

ucat

ion

Sens

e of

com

mun

ity o

wne

rshi

p,

capa

city

of c

omm

unity

in o

pera

tion

and

mai

nten

ance

, and

aw

aren

ess i

n he

alth

an

d sa

nita

tion

is im

prov

ed.

All

of T

arge

t C

omm

uniti

es

Parti

cipa

tory

Fi

eld

Wor

ksho

p 2.

0 da

ys/

Com

mun

ity

NG

O/

Loca

l Con

sulta

nt

DW

ST/M

WST

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

Min

utes

of

Mee

ting

Stag

e 4：

Ope

ratio

n an

d M

aint

enan

ce

Fo

llow

-up

Trai

ning

for W

UA

(S

treng

then

ing

Com

mun

ity C

apac

ity in

O

pera

tion

and

Mai

nten

ance

)

Thro

ugh

actu

al o

pera

tion

and

mai

nten

ance

of i

mpr

oved

wat

er su

pply

sc

hem

e, tr

aini

ng n

eeds

are

iden

tifie

d,

and

train

ing

pack

age

to st

reng

then

co

mm

unity

cap

acity

is p

repa

red

and

prov

ided

.

All

of T

arge

t C

omm

uniti

es

(WU

A)

Parti

cipa

tory

Fi

eld

Wor

ksho

p 2.

0 da

ys/

Com

mun

ity

NG

O/L

ocal

C

onsu

ltant

D

WST

/MW

ST

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

Trai

ning

Rep

ort

Stag

e 5：

Mon

itori

ng a

nd F

ollo

w-u

p

Prep

arat

ion

of M

onito

ring

and

Follo

w-u

p C

heck

Lis

t of D

WST

/MW

ST

Issu

es to

mon

itor a

nd fo

llow

-up

is

iden

tifie

d, a

nd m

onito

ring

and

follo

w-u

p ch

eck

list o

f DW

ST/M

WST

, w

hich

incl

udes

indi

cato

rs a

nd m

eans

of

verif

icat

ion,

is p

repa

red.

4 D

istri

cts

3 M

unic

ipal

ities

W

orks

hop

1.0

days

/ D

istri

ct,

Mun

icip

ality

NG

O/L

ocal

C

onsu

ltant

D

WST

/MW

ST

【Ja

pane

se S

ide】

Mon

itorin

g an

d Fo

llow

-up

Che

ck

List

M

onito

ring

and

Follo

w-u

p M

onito

ring

and

follo

w-u

p ac

tiviti

es a

re

prov

ided

by

DW

ST/M

WST

A

ll of

Tar

get

Com

mun

ities

Fi

eld

Inve

stig

atio

n 2.

0 da

ys/ m

onth

/ co

mm

unity

D

WST

【Ta

nzan

ian

Side

】

Mon

itorin

g R

epor

t


A5 - 12

6. Assignment of Personnel

Personnel to be assigned to implement the Software Component Program are as followed.

1) Japanese Consultant (Operation and Maintenance/Health and Sanitation Education)

A Japanese consultant is responsible for: 1) formulation and supervision of the Software Component Program, 2) reporting to the implementing agency and Japanese Side concerned, and coordinating parties concerned in the program, and, 3) coordination in implementation of the Program with construction schedule. Also, technical advice and capacity building will be given to local staff from the implementing agency and NGO/local consultant.

2) Counterpart Staff from Implementing Agency

One staff from MoW will participate as a counterpart to the Japanese consultant to cooperate in supervisory activities. In the course of program implementation, the counterpart will also coordinate administrative matters with Tanzanian authorities concerned when necessary.

3) NGO/Local Consultant

Since District/Municipal Council in the target area has less experiences and skills for the implementation of Software Component Program, local NGO and/or local consultant experienced and capable is employed to carry out the activities, and skills and technology is transferred to the Councils, in particular, District/Municipal Water Engineers Office through provision of workshop and OJT. Staff from local NGO/consultant is deployed as followed, considering the scale and schedule of activities involved in the program. Each staff member shall be experienced in implementation of the similar program and fluent in the local language.

① Program Coordinator: One person/Region (Two person in total)

Under the supervision of Japanese consultant, one program coordinator per Region takes the leading roles in implementation of field activities and manages the schedule, methodology and output of the Program, as well as reporting to the Japanese consultant. The program coordinator shall be experienced as a team leader in the similar programs.

② Community Facilitator: One person/District, Municipality (7 persons in total)

Supervised by program coordinator, two community facilitators per District/Municipality is deployed to conduct field activities to support the program coordinators. The community facilitators shall be experienced in establishment of community-based management, participatory planning, participatory monitoring and evaluation, capacity building, and health and sanitation education in the water and sanitation sector.


A5 - 13

4) District/Municipal Water and Sanitation Team (DWST/MWST)

DWST/MWST is formed in each target District/Municipality of the Project. It comprises the District/Municipal Water Engineer and other District/Municipal staff involved in development of water and sanitation sector. Prior to the implementation of the Software Component Program, MoW takes leading roles to request to and coordinate with each District/Municipal Executive Officer for formation of DWST/MWST. DWST/MWST is provided with TOT (Training of Trainers) and OJT (on-the-job training) through the implementation of field activities to establish community-based management and facilitate health and sanitation education, so that the knowledge and skills are improved and retained in each Council.

7. Implementation Schedule

The implementation schedule is described in Table A5-3.

8. Output of Submission

Outputs of submission are field implementation manuals for DWST/MWST, DWST/MWST action plan, community action plan (CAP), various training reports, minutes of meeting, monitoring check list, and post-baseline survey report.

9. Undertakings by Tanzanian Authorities

In the implementation of the Software Component Program, the following activities shall be undertaken by Tanzanian side.

□ Formation of DWST/MWST □ Monitoring and follow-up activities after completion of the Project

10. Proposed Approaches for Collaboration with Japan’s Technical Cooperation

In accordance with the purport of the software component program set by the guideline under Japan’s Grant Aid scheme, that is initial cooperation to assure lowest necessary sustainability by minimum input in the limited period set for the Grant Aid, the Software Component Program under the Project limits the activities to “formation and capacity building of COWSO” and “improvement of capacity of District/Municipal Council to provide technical guidance to the communities” as described above.

However, there are other development issues and problems in the establishment of community-based management in the sub-sector and the target area. Therefore, the Study proposes that the following development issues advocated in National Water Sector Development Study (Draft Final, 2005-2015) shall be dealt in the Japan’s Technical Cooperation Program planned in the sub-sector and the Project area.

It is expected by the implementation of Technical Cooperation Program that institutional and organizational set-up under decentralization framework of rural water supply sector is firmly established,


A5 - 14

in particular, capacity of local councils in planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of rural water supply project is improved. Technical Cooperation Program is the most suitable scheme to implement activities for the establishment of such institutional and organizational framework accompanying with capacity building of local councils, since improvement in such development issues requires mid-term and consequent activities and input, such as consensus building with stakeholders, deliberation on national development strategies, strategic planning and review, implementation of pilot and demonstrative project, performance monitoring and evaluation.

1) Introduction of Private-Sector Participation and Service Providers

Awareness in ownership of communities would be enhanced through COWSO establishment process. However, there could be limitations in the capacity of local community to meet technical requirements for management of relatively complicated level-2 supply scheme. Therefore, the final draft of National Water Sector Development Strategy 2005-2015 advocates involvement of private sector in a part of service provision and/or entire management of community-owned water supply scheme.

The former development/feasibility study conducted by JICA revealed that the system malfunction in the most of supply schemes is caused by breakdowns of intake facilities, which can be effectively prevented by introduction of private sectors in provision of services such as regular maintenance and overhaul of the pumping units. Utilization of individual agents and private companies/entrepreneurs may also effectively realize sustainable service provision, which could not be done by the community itself. Development needs are highly recognized for establishment of sound management and sustainable service provision based on the relationship of mutual trust between private service providers and consumers, through Contracting-out of supply services to the private sector that assures provision of expertise in the scheme operation and maintenance.

Furthermore, it can be feasible to introduce contracting-out of entire scheme management to the private service providers in a relatively large-scale scheme or an alliance of several schemes, which enhance scale-merits of management and profitability. Advantage in contracting-out of whole management is that settled performance in service provision can be assured by the private service providers that has experiences and management know-how, concluding performance contracts with private company or local NGOs setting performance indicators to be achieved. The following Figure depict the conceptual framework in introduction of private service providers both by service contract and entire management contract


A5 - 15

Service Provider【Entire Management Contract】

Municipal / District Council

Community-Owned Water Supply Organizations (COWSO)

Village Council

Water Users

AssociationWater Trust

Water

Co-operative

Consumers

Water Supply and Sanitation Authority

ServiceProvision

ManagementO&M

Service (O&M)Provision


PrivateAgents

ManagementContract

Local NGOｓ

ConsumersConsumers

ManagementO&M

Management, O&M Service Provider　【Service Contract】

Kiosk Agents Accounting,

Collection Agent

Equipment O&M Agents

Meter Reader

Management/Performance

Contract

TechnicalGuidance

Regulationand

Monitoring

District Water and Sanitation Team (DWST)

Support for Contracting-Out Regulation and Monitoring

Representation

SupervisionAutonomous Relation

DecentralizedResponsibility

Water Supply Scheme

Water Supply Scheme

Water Supply

Scheme

Consumers

Water Supply

Scheme

Consumers

Water Supply

Scheme

Regulationand

Monitoring

ServiceProvision

ServiceProvision

ServiceProvision

ServiceProvision

Service (O&M) Contract

Monitoring

Figure A5-3 Conceptual Framework in Introduction of Private Service Providers

There are several successful cases in rural communities in the country in introduction of service contract or entire management contract with private service provider. As the target communities under the Project are located in vicinities of Dar es Salaam City, a number of private companies, local NGOs, and individual agents, which are capable in the service provision, are identified. Thus, introduction of private sector in service provision can be feasible solution for current problems in operation and maintenance of the rural water supply scheme.

Activities required for introduction of private sector in the Project area are considered as followed:

① Sub-Sector Policy and Strategy Review in Public and Private Participation (PPP)

Reviewing rural water supply sub-sector and related policy/strategies and issues related to introduction of Public and Private Participation (PPP) in the sub-sector development, roles and responsibilities of each stakeholders in the institutional framework under the sector reform and introduction of PPP into operation and maintenance of the supply scheme shall be analyzed and confirmed. Those stakeholders, of which roles and responsibilities are analyzed, includes private service providers of potential (such as individual agent, private company/entrepreneur, and local NGO), Community-Owned Water Supply Organizations (COWSOs), user community, local authorities, ministries concerned, and Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA) which is established recently as regulatory and monitoring institution for PPP.


A5 - 16

② Analysis on Various Options and Forms in Introduction of Private Service Provider and Preparation of Plan for Introduction

After reviewing sub-sector policy and strategy mentioned above, variety of options and forms in introduction of private service providers in management, operation and maintenance of the rural water supply scheme shall be considered and feasibility of each options are analyzed in economic, social, financial, and technical aspects. Through the analytical study, feasible options and forms in the target area for introduction of private service providers would be selected. In this assessment stage, various introduction options and forms are analyzed, dividing into “service contract” type which contracts out a part or parts of service provision, and “management contract” type which does entire management of the supply schemes.

Along with the analysis on the introduction options, assessing advantages, problems, and issues considered for improvement in the existing scheme where private service providers are involved in, introduction plan of private service providers in the Project area is developed. The following existing schemes shall be included in the review; 1) Chalinze Rural Water Supply Scheme, in which entire manage contract is introduced, 2) Morogoro Rural Water Supply Program, in which Water Company by Guarantee is contracted out with COWSO for the scheme management, and 3) N’zega Water Supply Scheme where service contract is introduced by Water Trust with individual agents and private company.

③ Consensus Building with Stakeholders

Consensus on the introduction of private service providers shall be build through dialogue with stakeholders involved in the development process of national policy and strategy for PPP, such as Ministries concerned, local authorities, NGOs, private sector agents, village councils, and local political entities.

④ Preparation of Guideline for Public and Private Participation (PPP)

Guidelines for the process management in introduction of private service providers in management, operation and maintenance of rural water supply schemes shall be prepared, describing procedures for consensus building with user communities and stakeholder institutions and selection/bidding of private service provider, criteria for selection/bidding and evaluation, and standard form of contract. The guidelines also clarify responsibilities and required actions of each authority for regulation and monitoring of private service providers and communities, and standard performance goal with setting of performance indicators. The guideline prepared shall be approved by MoW and local authorities.

⑤ Implementation of Pilot Project

Utilizing the guideline for introduction of private service providers developed above, the PPP models are implemented in the selected Pilot Project. As local authorities become fully responsible for the implementation of rural water supply project according to the sector reform enhanced by national policy and strategy of the sub-sector, District/Municipal Council is expected to facilitate PPP and provide


A5 - 17

regulatory and monitoring services forming District/Municipal Water and Sanitation Team (DWST/MWST) consisted of District/Municipal Water Engineer and other District/Municipal staff involved in the sub-sector development. Initiative taken by District/Municipal Councils shall be enhanced in the implementation of the Pilot Project, and their capacity in the process management for the realization of PPP model is developed through Pilot Project. Detail activities required in this stage shall be; 1) provision of workshop training for DWST/MWST in the process management, 2) consensus building among target community in the selection of options for introduction of private service providers, 3) preparation of action plan for the introduction of PPP model, 4) selection/bidding of service providers, 5) evaluation of selection/bidding, 6) provision of support to the communities in preparation and conclusion of the contract with service providers, 7) determination of performance goal achieved by the service providers and setting of performance indicators for the monitoring.

⑥ Monitoring and Evaluation of the Pilot Project

Performance monitoring service for private service providers and communities shall be provided and service performance is measured by the DWST/MWST, based on performance goal and indicators set above. Review on performance goal and indicators with identification of problems and preparation of improvement plans shall be considered if it is thought to be necessary.

⑦ Replication of the PPP Models in Other Area

Incorporating lessons learnt in the implementation of Pilot Project, replication plan of the project model in other suitable areas is prepared.

2) Appropriate Tariff Setting and Development of Pro-Poor Measures

Water tariff (user fee) set generally and accepted widely among user communities in the Project Area is 1 Tsh/liter. This tariff setting had been guided by the government during 1990’s, although the basis of the estimation is not clearly indicated. However, the most significance indicated in the issue is that the tariff setting of 1 Tsh/liter is firmly prevailed as conventional norm/custom of the communities in the Project area, which affects considerably Willingness-to-Pay of the communities. The socio-economic survey conducted under the Study also revealed that the most frequent responses from sample households on the Willingness-to-Pay are 1 Tsh/liter.

In the former JICA Development Study, costs for operation and maintenance including replacement of supply facilities are estimated, and capability of the communities in full cost recovery for operation and maintenance in the both aspects of Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) and Affordability-to-Pay (ATP). In the analysis of WTP, full recovery of operation and maintenance cost including replacement cost is confirmed, assuming that 25l/d/c is consumed and 80% of population pay for the water consumed over 10 years. Meanwhile, ATP analysis is carried out by estimating the percentage of household expense for water supply service in the mean total household expenditure in order to realize full cost recovery for operation and maintenance over 10 years, based on the assumption that 80% of population pay water tariff. In a result, expense for supply service amounts at less than 5% of total household expenditure in


A5 - 18

Dar es Salaam Region, while, one in Coast Region amount to more than 6%, which exceeds the recommended figure of 4-5% set by international organization such as WHO. It is due to mean household income and expenditure/capita in Coast Region is less than half of ones in Dar es Salaam Region. However, it is remarkable that estimated unit cost (water fee/liter) to be paid for full cost recovery in both Regions in the same condition posed in ATP analysis is less than amount of their WTP.

As one of countermeasure for the less ATP and poverty in Coast Region, introduction of increasing block tariff structure is considered in the former JICA Development Study. Increasing block tariff structure sets. Increasing block tariff structure sets different unit price of water according to the amount consumed by household. Considering the poverty in the Project Area, consumption within the lowest block, called as lifeline block, is charged at half of standard tariff for countermeasure for less ATP and poverty in the community. Unit prices for the consumption exceeding lifeline blocks are increased in order to realize subsidization for the consumption by poor in the lower block, assuming the better-off consume more water. The introduction of increasing block tariff is one of countermeasure for the poverty and less ATP, which can cope with full cost recovery for operation and maintenance.

Increasing block tariff structure is popularly introduced where consumption of each household is observed by meters installed on each household connection. However, considering the service provision through public stands in the level-2 scheme, introduction of the tariff structure shall be deliberated coping with means for measuring the household consumption, establishment of appropriate charging system/structure, and tariff setting in the implementation of Technical Cooperation.


A5 - 19

Table A5-3 Implementation Schedule of Software Component

　Cabinet Approval ▲ ▲

　E/N ▼ ▼延長 ▼ ▼延長

　Consultant Agreement ■ ■

　Detail Design Study

　Preparation of Tender Document

　Confirmation on Tender Document

　PQ ▲ ▲

　Explanation of Tender □ □

　Tender ▲ ▲

　Contractor Contract

Approval of Contract ▲ ▲

ConstructionKwamduma/Bagamoyo

Minazi Mikinda/Kibaha

Msimbu/Kisarawe

Matosa/Kinondoni Kibindu/Bagamoyo Kitunda (1/2)/Ilala Njopeka/Mkuranga

Kitomondo/Kibaha Chole/Kisarawe Kitunda (2/2)/Ilala Mwandege-Kipala/Mkuranga

Kibugumo/Temeke Yaleyale Puna/Temeke Kitunda-Mzinga/Ilala Kisemvule/Mkuranga

Mjimwema/Temeke Tundwi Songani/Temeke Msongola/Ilala Marogoro/Mfuru Mwambao/Mkuranga

Pugu Station/Ilala Vianzi/Mkuranga

Ph 1 Ph 2

20 0

30

Kinondoni Bagamoyo Ilala Mkuranga

Kibaha Kisarawe

Temeke

5 Kinondoni 5 Bagamoyo 5 Ilala 5 Mkuranga

5 Kibaha 5 Kisarawe

5

0.5 Matosa 0.5 Kwamduma 0.5 Kibindu 0.5 Kitunda (1/2) 0.5 Njopeka

0.5 Kitomondo 0.5 Minazi Mikinda 0.5 Chole 0.5 Kitunda (2/2) 0.5 Mwandege/Kipala

0.5 Kibugumo 0.5 Msimbu 0.5 Yaleyale Puna 0.5 Kitunda/Mzinga 0.5 Kisemvule

0.5 Mjimwema 0.5 Tundwi Songani 0.5 Msongola 0.5 Marogoro/Mfuru Mwambao

0.5 Pugu Station 0.5 Vianzi

1 Matosa 1 Kwamduma 1 Kibindu 1 Kitunda (1/2) 1 Njopeka

1 Kitomondo 1 Minazi Mikinda 1 Chole 1 Kitunda (2/2) 1 Mwandege/Kipala

1 Kibugumo 1 Msimbu 1 Yaleyale Puna 1 Kitunda/Mzinga 1 Kisemvule

1 Mjimwema 1 Tundwi Songani 1 Msongola 1 Marogoro/Mfuru Mwambao

1 Pugu Station 1 Vianzi

0.5 Matosa 0.5 Kwamduma 0.5 Kibindu 0.5 Kitunda (1/2) 0.5 Njopeka

0.5 Kitomondo 0.5 Minazi Mikinda 0.5 Chole 0.5 Kitunda (2/2) 0.5 Mwandege/Kipala

0.5 Kibugumo 0.5 Msimbu 0.5 Yaleyale Puna 0.5 Kitunda/Mzinga 0.5 Kisemvule

0.5 Mjimwema 0.5 Tundwi Songani 0.5 Msongola 0.5 Marogoro/Mfuru Mwambao


0.5 0.5 Kwamduma 0.5 Kibindu 0.5 Kitunda (1/2) 0.5 Njopeka

0.5 0.5 Minazi Mikinda 0.5 Chole 0.5 Kitunda (2/2) 0.5 Mwandege/Kipala

0.5 0.5 Msimbu 0.5 Yaleyale Puna 0.5 Kitunda/Mzinga 0.5 Kisemvule

0.5 0.5 Tundwi Songani 0.5 Msongola 0.5 Marogoro/Mfuru Mwambao


3 Matosa 2 Matosa 3 Kwamduma 2 Kwamduma 3 Kibindu 2 Kibindu 3 Kitunda (1/2) 2 Kitunda (1/2) 3 Njopeka 2 Njopeka

3 Kitomondo 2 Kitomondo 3 Minazi Mikind 2 Minazi Mikinda 3 Chole 2 Chole 3 Kitunda (2/2) 2 Kitunda (2/2) 3 Mwandege/K 2 Mwandege/Kipala

3 Kibugumo 2 Kibugumo 3 Msimbu 2 Msimbu 3 Yaleyale Pun 2 Yaleyale Puna 3 Kitunda/Mzin 2 Kitunda/Mzinga 3 Kisemvule 2 Kisemvule

3 Mjimwema 2 Mjimwema 3 Tundwi Song 2 Tundwi Songani 3 Msongola 2 Msongola 3 Marogoro/Mf 2 Marogoro/Mfuru Mwambao

3 Pugu Station 2 Pugu Station 3 Vianzi 2 Vianzi











1.0 Kinondoni 1.0 Kisarawe 1.0 Ilala 1.0 Mkuranga

1.0 Kibaha 1.0 Bagamoyo

1.0 Temeke

Matosa Matosa Kwamdu Matosa Kwamduma Kwamduma Kibindu Kibindu Kibindu Kitunda (1/2) Kitunda (1/2) Kitunda (1/2) Njopeka Njopeka

Kitomondo Kitomon Minazi MKitomon Minazi Mikinda Minazi Mikinda Chole Chole Chole Kitomondo Kitomondo Kitomondo Mwandege/Kipala Mwandeg

Kibugumo KibugumMsimbu KibugumMsimbu Msimbu Yaleyale Puna Yaleyale Puna Yaleyale Puna Kibugumo Kibugumo Kibugumo Kisemvule Kisemvu

Mjimwema Mjimwema Mjimwema Tundwi Songani Tundwi Songani Tundwi Songani Mjimwema Mjimwema Mjimwema Marogoro/Mfuru MMarogoro

Pugu Station Pugu Station Pugu Station Vianzi Vianzi

1.　Japanese Consultant 1名

Ph 1 Ph 2 Total Ph 1 Ph 2

1.87 1.43 3.30 176.5 127.0

1.87 人・月 0.93 M/M 0.5 MM

2.　Local NGO/Consultant

Ph 1 Ph 2 Total

5.9 4.2 10.1

延べ177人・日／5.9人・月 Total 127MM／4.2MM

5.2 4.2 9.4

延べ157人・日／5.2人・月 Total 127MM／4.2MM

day/vil.

day/vil.

day/vil.

day/vil.

day/Dist.

1 00 15 10 2010 10 15 13.50 5 12.5 150 14 8 1613 20.5 17 3130 10 1215

11 Vil. 2210 Vil.

22 20

55 50

20

11 Vil. 10 Vil.

5.5 5Vil. 10 Vil.0.5 11day/vil.

　Expert　（Operation and Maintenance, Health Education)

5.5 5Vil. 10 Vil.0.5 11day/vil.

11 10Vil. 10 Vil.1.0 11day/vil.

5.5 5Vil. 10 Vil.0.5 11day/vil.

25 105 Dist/Pref 2 Dist/Pref5 day/District

5 Dist/Pref 2 Dist/Pref15 day/District

MM

MM Total Days

Mon-

Pow

er

Pla

nnin

g

Community Facilitator 1

Program Coordinator

スStage 5）Monitoring and Follow Up

Capacity Building of Communities in Operationand Maintenance, Implementation of Healthand Sanitation Education, and OJT for DWST

5.0

Stage 4) Operation and Maintenance

2.0

【Undertakings by Tanzanian Side】Follow-up Training for WUA (StrengtheningCommunity Capacity in Operation andMaintenance)

2.0Follow up on the activities above

1 2 39 10 11510 2

2010

2009

4 5 6 7 128

2009

2008

392 3 4 10 11 12 116 7 8 9 11

2007

2007

2008

Phase 2

6 7 84 5 12

Total Days

Year

Fiscal Year

Software Component Program Days RequiredPhase 1

Target

Item

Contr

act

Deta

iled

Desi

gn

Stage 1) Pre-Planning

Development of Field Implementation Manual

Const

ruction Construction of Deep Well with Hand Pump

（Level-1 Water Supply Facility)

Construction of Piped Water Supply Facility（Level-2 Water Supply Facility)

20 day/project

【Undertakings by Tanzanian Side】Formation of DWST (District Water andSanitation Team）

Provision of TOT (Training of Trainers) forDWST, and Preparation of DWST Action Plan

Vil.10

Stage 2) Participatory Planning

Community Consultative Meeting, andConfirmation of Pre-Conditions forConstruction

Participatory Community Assessment, andPreparation of Community Action Plan (CAP)

Community Meeting (Consensus Building onAction Plan)

Stage 3) Construction/Implementation

Review on Constitution of WUA (Water UsersAssociation), and Orientation on the WSSManagement Option under the Sector Reform

Vil.11

1 project

1.0 55Dist./Munic

.2

Dist./Munic

.2Preperation of check list for monitoring and

follow up

Vil. Vil.【Undertakings by Tanzanian Side】monitoring and follow up 2.0 0 0

APPENDIX 6

Letter of Exemption for EIA issued by NEMC

Appendix 6 Letter of Exemption for EIA issued by NEMC

A6 - 1

Appendix 6． Letter of Exemption for EIA issued by NEMC

APPENDIX 7

Other Relevant Data

(1) Geophysical Prospecting Data

(2) Test Well Drilling and Pumping Test Data

Appendix 7 Other Relevant Data

A7 - 1

Appendix 7 Other Relevant Data (1) Geophysical Prospecting Data

Results of Geophysical Prospecting

1. Location of Prospecting Site

Groundwater exploration was carried our applying Two Dimensional Electric Imaging Method (2D Imaging) at the villages where groundwater is planned as the source of water supply schemes to decide the exact location of test well drilling.. Coordinates of the central point and both ends of survey lines are summarized in Table A6-1. Allocation of survey lines is shown in Figure A6-1.

2. Results of Prospecting

Processed Data are shown in Figure A6-2. Proposed test well locations in Detailed Design Study are summarized in Table A6-2.


A7 - 2

Table A7-1 Coordinates of Groundwater Exploration Points (1/3)

d m s d m s0 S 5 59 32.54 E 37 55 37.28

Center S 5 59 29.08 E 37 55 40.82310 S 5 59 25.02 E 37 55 43.770 S 5 59 26.46 E 37 55 37.71

Center S 5 59 29.78 E 37 55 41.47310 S 5 59 33.78 E 37 55 44.210 S 5 59 32.79 E 37 55 29.97

Center S 5 59 35.77 E 37 55 34.12310 S 5 59 38.14 E 37 55 38.350 S 6 0 44.01 E 38 4 43.65

Center S 6 0 39.91 E 38 4 46.61310 S 6 0 36.13 E 38 4 49.870 S 6 0 34.69 E 38 4 31.03

Center S 6 0 30.57 E 38 4 33.26310 S 6 0 26.95 E 38 4 36.640 S 6 48 44.08 E 38 39 8.14

Center S 6 48 43.54 E 38 39 13.09310 S 6 48 43.23 E 38 39 18.120 S 6 48 42.22 E 38 39 12.88

Center S 6 48 44.58 E 38 39 13.74310 S 6 48 46.91 E 38 39 14.690 S 6 48 47.16 E 38 39 12.10

Center S 6 48 46.48 E 38 39 14.49310 S 6 48 45.63 E 38 39 16.760 S 6 48 2.09 E 38 39 29.25

Center S 6 48 2.65 E 38 39 34.17310 S 6 48 2.78 E 38 39 39.140 S 6 47 58.13 E 38 39 31.84

Center S 6 48 2.65 E 38 39 34.17 same as 2-1st Line

310 S 6 48 6.27 E 38 39 37.580 S 6 48 41.58 E 38 38 44.35

Center S 6 48 42.37 E 38 38 49.28310 S 6 48 44.45 E 38 38 53.850 S 6 48 47.78 E 38 38 51.33

Center S 6 48 42.77 E 38 38 51.17310 S 6 48 37.88 E 38 38 52.100 S 6 48 37.86 E 38 39 19.86

Center S 6 48 37.63 E 38 39 22.32310 S 6 48 38.04 E 38 39 24.890 S 6 49 9.16 E 38 38 41.84

Center S 6 49 7.94 E 38 38 46.75310 S 6 49 6.20 E 38 38 51.430 S 6 50 51.62 E 38 38 0.32

Center S 6 50 46.89 E 38 38 2.13310 S 6 50 42.43 E 38 38 4.420 S 6 50 46.72 E 38 37 59.56

Center S 6 50 47.56 E 38 38 2.02310 S 6 50 47.86 E 38 38 4.370 S 6 50 48.44 E 38 38 3.56

Center S 6 50 47.52 E 38 38 5.83310 S 6 50 46.18 E 38 38 7.880 S 6 52 10.86 E 38 36 31.93

Center S 6 52 12.76 E 38 36 33.51310 S 6 52 14.60 E 38 36 35.180 S 6 52 6.60 E 38 36 36.93

Center S 6 52 8.98 E 38 36 37.56310 S 6 52 11.41 E 38 36 38.270 S 6 51 28.41 E 38 37 28.67

Center S 6 51 29.39 E 38 37 30.94310 S 6 51 30.96 E 38 37 32.900 S 6 50 55.88 E 38 37 53.79

Center S 6 50 56.32 E 38 37 56.16310 S 6 50 56.85 E 38 37 58.62

2-1st Line

2-2nd Line

2-3rd Line

2-4th Line

Village Survey Line ST No.District/Municipality

Minazi Mikinda(2/2)/Kitomondo

Kibaha

Bagamoyo

Memo

2-1st Line

2-2nd Line

3-3rd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

2nd Line

3rd Line

LongitudeLatitude

Kibindu

Kwanduma

Minazi Mikinda(1/2)

1st Line

3rd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

3rd Line

2-6th Line

2-4th Line

2-5th Line

1st Line

2nd Line


A7 - 3


d m s d m s0 S 7 20 40.27 E 38 39 44.33

Center S 7 20 42.07 E 38 39 48.97310 S 7 20 43.65 E 38 39 53.630 S 7 20 43.69 E 38 39 42.15

Center S 7 20 47.34 E 38 39 45.46310 S 7 20 50.84 E 38 39 48.860 S 7 20 48.89 E 38 39 37.42

Center S 7 20 52.74 E 38 39 40.60310 S 7 20 55.45 E 38 39 44.630 S 7 20 54.90 E 38 39 32.51

Center S 7 20 57.70 E 38 39 36.32310 S 7 20 59.77 E 38 39 40.870 S 7 6 33.62 E 39 1 23.70

Center S 7 6 29.70 E 39 1 26.63310 S 7 6 26.17 E 39 1 30.230 S 7 6 36.32 E 39 1 27.64

Center S 7 6 32.26 E 39 1 29.87310 S 7 6 27.98 E 39 1 32.560 S 7 6 36.82 E 39 1 30.97

Center S 7 6 32.06 E 39 1 32.81310 S 7 6 27.61 E 39 1 34.750 S 7 6 42.47 E 39 1 33.34

Center S 7 6 38.95 E 39 1 36.65310 S 7 6 34.67 E 39 1 39.710 S 6 58 14.43 E 39 17 24.48

Center S 6 58 19.14 E 39 17 25.70310 S 6 58 24.06 E 39 17 27.360 S 6 58 26.34 E 39 17 17.10

Center S 6 58 26.57 E 39 17 22.18310 S 6 58 24.17 E 39 17 26.290 S 7 2 14.06 E 39 15 50.86

Center S 7 2 13.72 E 39 15 56.08310 S 7 2 12.39 E 39 16 0.610 S 7 2 8.95 E 39 15 56.78

Center S 7 2 13.81 E 39 15 57.27310 S 7 2 18.39 E 39 15 57.780 S 7 2 13.24 E 39 15 58.66

Center S 7 2 10.74 E 39 16 2.49310 S 7 2 8.09 E 39 16 7.260 S 7 5 19.84 E 39 22 39.03

Center S 7 5 17.91 E 39 22 40.55310 S 7 5 15.76 E 39 22 41.960 S 7 5 20.42 E 39 22 31.84

Center S 7 5 16.10 E 39 22 34.40310 S 7 5 12.04 E 39 22 37.380 S 7 2 42.17 E 39 19 40.09

Center S 7 2 43.56 E 39 19 44.89310 S 7 2 44.76 E 39 19 49.580 S 7 2 58.82 E 39 20 19.95

Center S 7 2 54.05 E 39 20 21.35310 S 7 2 49.33 E 39 20 21.99

Longitude MemoVillage Survey Line ST No. Latitude

Mkuranga

Mwandege/Kipala

Kisemvule

Chole

Msimbu

Marogoro/Mfuru Mwambao

Kisarawe

District/Municipality

Vianzi

3rd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

3rd Line

4th Line

3rd Line

4th Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line


A7 - 4


d m s d m s0 S 6 54 55.21 E 39 10 57.81

Center S 6 54 59.54 E 39 11 0.33

310 S 6 55 4.11 E 39 11 2.42

0 S 6 55 1.45 E 39 10 52.79

Center S 6 55 0.45 E 39 10 57.68

310 S 6 54 58.70 E 39 11 2.38

0 S 6 54 55.04 E 39 10 53.12

Center S 6 54 59.92 E 39 10 54.05

310 S 6 55 4.46 E 39 10 55.89

0 S 6 55 6.55 E 39 10 53.74

Center S 6 55 4.18 E 39 10 58.20

310 S 6 55 1.89 E 39 11 2.510 S 6 56 21.27 E 39 10 33.28

Center S 6 56 24.56 E 39 10 37.01

310 S 6 56 27.98 E 39 10 40.77

0 S 6 56 26.36 E 39 10 34.73

Center S 6 56 22.27 E 39 10 37.65

310 S 6 56 18.37 E 39 10 40.84

0 S 6 54 34.44 E 39 11 46.39

Center S 6 54 38.63 E 39 11 49.21

310 S 6 54 42.67 E 39 11 52.16

0 S 6 54 42.48 E 39 11 46.03

Center S 6 54 38.63 E 39 11 49.21 same as 1st Line

310 S 6 54 35.29 E 39 11 53.02

0 S 6 58 0.41 E 39 10 28.46

Center S 6 57 55.70 E 39 10 30.05

310 S 6 57 50.95 E 39 10 31.62

0 S 6 57 55.92 E 39 10 28.82

Center S 6 57 55.22 E 39 10 33.78

310 S 6 57 55.25 E 39 10 38.77

0 S 6 52 49.41 E 39 7 39.85

Center S 6 52 48.76 E 39 7 44.84

310 S 6 52 49.41 E 39 7 49.82

0 S 6 53 0.05 E 39 7 11.18

Center S 6 53 0.38 E 39 7 16.26

310 S 6 53 2.08 E 39 7 20.740 S 6 44 35.15 E 39 7 46.22

Center S 6 44 39.35 E 39 7 48.91310 S 6 44 43.57 E 39 7 51.640 S 6 44 8.45 E 39 7 23.27

Center S 6 44 9.47 E 39 7 28.21310 S 6 44 10.33 E 39 7 33.160 S 6 52 19.26 E 39 22 31.32

Center S 6 52 14.38 E 39 22 32.17310 S 6 52 9.54 E 39 22 34.170 S 6 52 14.03 E 39 22 29.73

Center S 6 52 14.38 E 39 22 32.17 same as 1st Line310 S 6 52 14.86 E 39 22 34.670 S 6 51 16.14 E 39 20 36.52

Center S 6 51 11.69 E 39 20 38.65310 S 6 51 7.06 E 39 20 40.480 S 6 51 10.60 E 39 20 36.41


Center S 7 2 49.32 E 39 31 40.88310 S 7 2 49.78 E 39 31 45.860 S 7 2 44.51 E 39 31 39.83


Center S 7 6 11.90 E 39 25 43.17310 S 7 6 9.38 E 39 25 47.020 S 7 6 12.68 E 39 25 36.75

Center S 7 6 8.51 E 39 25 39.51310 S 7 6 4.06 E 39 25 42.03

District/Municipality

Village Survey Line ST No. Latitude Longitude Memo

Ilala

Ilala

Kinondoni

Temeke

Kitunda-Kivule(1/2)

Kitunda-Kivule(2/2)

Yaleyale Puna

Tundwi Songani

Kitunda-Mzinga

Msongola

Pugu Station

Matosa

Kibugumo

Mjimwema-Salanga

3rd Line

4th Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line

1st Line

2nd Line


A7 - 5

200m0

N

●

●

●■

Existing Borehole (not working)

1st Line

2nd Line0

3100

310

0

3103rd Line

Layout of Geophysical Suvey Lines at Kibindu

EL.410mEL.410m

EL.400m

EL.400m

EL.420mEL.430m

EL.440m

EL.410m

EL.420m

EL.430m

EL.440m

EL.420m

EL.430m

EL.410m

EL.410m

EL.420m

●　：Center of Suvey Line

：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E37°55′30″

E37°56′00″

S05°59′30″

E37°55′30″

E37°56′00″

200m0

●

1st Line

2nd Line

0

310

●

0

310

Existing Borehole

(JICA Test Well)

■

EL.410m

EL.420m

EL.430m

EL.440m

EL.430m

EL.410m

EL.420m

EL.430m

EL.440m

EL.430m

EL.420m

N

EL.410m

EL.430m

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Kwanduma

E38°04′30″


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

S06°00′30″

S06°48′30″

E38°39′30″

N

200m0

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Minazi Mikinda(1/2)

EL.40m

EL.40m

EL.40m

EL.40mEL.40m

EL.30m

EL.30m

EL.30m

EL.35m

EL.35m

EL.40m

EL.40m

EL.35m

EL.40m

●●

●

●

●

●●

●

S06°49′00″

S06°48′00″

E38°39′00″

1st Line

2nd Line

3rd Line

Ruvu River

0

155

0

310

0

310

0

310

0

310

0

310

0

3100

155

0

155

2-2nd Line

2-1st Line

2-3rd Line

2-4th Line

2-5th Line

2-6th Line

■Existing Borehole(for Ruvu Station)

◆

◆


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

◆ Test Drilling Point :

2nd Drilling Point

1st Drilling Point

N

200m0

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Minazi Mikinda(2/2) / Kitomondo P-1

●●●

EL.40m

EL.40m

Ruvu River

EL.30m

0

310

0

1550

155

1st Line

2nd Line 3rd Line

S06°51′00″

S06°50′30″

E38°38′00″E38°37′30″

●

2-4th Line0

155

◆


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

◆ Test Drilling Point

1st Drilling Point

S06°52′00″

E38°36′30″

N

200m0

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Minazi Mikinda(2/2) / Kitomondo P-2

●

0

155●

0

155

●

0

155

EL.40m

EL.40m

EL.45m

EL.45m

EL.35m

EL.35m

Ruvu River

2-2nd Line

2-1st Line

2-3rd Line

E38°37′00″E38°37′30″

S06°51′30″

S06°51′00″

E38°38′00″


：Contour Line

：Survey Line


◆

2nd Drilling Point

●

●

●

●

■

■Existing Shallow well

Existing Borhhole(not working)

1st Line

3rd Line

2nd Line

4th Line

100m

E.L.370m

N

E.L.360m

E.L.360m

E.L.370m

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Chole

E38°39′30″

S07°21′00″

0

3100

310

0

310

0

310

E.L.370m

◆


：Contour Line

：Survey Line


●

Figure A7-1 Survey Lines of Groundwater Exploration (1/4)


A7 - 6

N

●

●●

●

1st Line

2nd Line

3rd Line

4th

■ Existing Borehole(w/hand pump)

100m

stream

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Msimbu

0

310

0

310

0

310

0

310

S07°06′30″

E39°01′30″

E.L.150m

E.L.150m

◆


：Contour Line

：Survey Line


◆

1st Drilling Point

2nd Drilling Point

200m0

1st Line

2nd Line

0

310

0310

N

EL.80m EL.80mEL.70m

EL.70m EL.60m

EL.80m

●

●

EL.80m EL.80m

EL.70m

EL.60m

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Mwandege Kipala

●　：Center of Survey Line

：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°17′30″

S06°58′30″

200m0

N

●●

EL.100m

EL.110m

EL.100m

EL.90m

EL.90m

0

310

0310

1st Line

2nd Line

0

310

3rd Line●

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Kisemvule


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°16′00″

S07°02′00″

S07°02′30″

1st Line

2nd Line

●●

400m0

EL.40m

EL.30m

N

EL.40m

EL.40m

EL.30m

EL.30m

EL.40m

EL.40m

0

310

0

155

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Marogoro / Mfuru Mwambao

●　：Center of Survey

：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°22′30″

S07°02′00″

S07°05′00″

S07°05′30″

E39°23′00″

●

●

1st Line

2nd Line

0

0

310

310

EL.100m

N

EL.110m

EL.100m

EL.110m

EL.100m

EL.110m

EL.100m EL.90m

EL.80m

EL.80m

EL.90m

EL.70m

EL.80m

400m0Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Vianzi


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°20′00″

S07°02′30″

E39°20′30″

S07°03′00″

S07°03′30″

●

● ●●

1st Line

2nd Line

3rd Line

4th Line0

310

0

310

0

310

0

310

200m0

N

EL.50m

EL.55m

EL.50m

EL.55m

EL.50m

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Kitunda-Kivule(1/2)


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°11′00″

S06°55′00″



A7 - 7

0

310

0

310

200m0

N

●

●

EL.55m

EL.50m

EL.50m

EL.50m

EL.50m

1st Line

2nd Line

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Kitunda-Kivule(2/2)


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

S06°56′00″E39°11′00″E39°10′30″

S06°56′30″

200m0

EL.55m

●

1st Line

2nd Line

0

3100

310

EL.50m

EL.55m

EL.55mEL.50m

EL.45mEL.45m

EL.50m

EL.50m

N

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Kitunda-Mzinga


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°12′00″

S06°55′00″

S06°54′30″

200m0

EL.60m

N

●0310

●

0

310

1st Line

2nd Line

EL.60m

EL.60m

EL.60m

EL.60m

EL.60m

EL.55m

EL.55m

EL.60m

EL.60m

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Msongola


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°10′30″

S06°58′00″

●

●

N

EL.90m

EL.100m

EL.110m

EL.110m

1st Line

2nd Line

400m0

EL.90

EL.10

EL.110m

EL.90m

0

0310

310

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Pugu Station


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°07′30″

S06°53′00″

E39°08′00″E39°07′00″

S06°52′30″

N

200m0

●

●

0

310

0

310

1st Line

2nd Line

EL.130m

EL.130m

EL.140m

EL.150

EL.160m

EL.160m

EL.170m

EL.150m

EL.160mEL.160m

EL.160m

EL.150m

EL.140m

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Matosa

stream

S06°44′30

E39°08′00″E39°07′30″

◆


：Contour Line

：Survey Line


1st & 2nd Drilling Point

Layout of Survey Lines at Kibugumo

●

1st Line

2nd Line

0

0

310

155

EL.10m

N

EL.10m

EL.10m

EL.15m

EL.15m

EL.10m 400m0

EL.5m

EL.5m


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°22′30″

S06°52′30″

E39°23′00″

S06°52′00″

E39°22′00″



A7 - 8

●

1st Line

2nd LineEL.20m

N

EL.10m

200m0

0

310

0

155

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Mjimwema-Salanga


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

S06°51′30″

E39°20′30″

S06°51′00″

E39°21′00″

400m0

NEL.30m

Indian

EL.20m EL.10m

1st Line

2nd Line

●

0

3100

310

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Yaleyale Puna


：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°31′30″

S07°03

E39°32′00″

S07°02′

E39°32′30″

200m0

N

0

310

●0

310

●

1st Line

2nd LineEL.30m

EL.30mEL.30m

EL.35m

EL.25m

EL.30m

EL.30m

EL.30m

Layout of Geophysical Survey Lines at Tundwi Songani

●　：Center of Survey

：Contour Line

：Survey Line

E39°26′00″

S07°06′00

E39°25′30″



A7 - 9

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

-120.0

-140.0

-160.0

-180.0

-200.01.0

1.5

2.2

3.2

4.6

6.8

10.0

14.7

21.5

31.6

46.4

68.1

100.0

146.8

215.4

316.2

464.2

681.3

1000.0

[ohm-m]

Kibindu_1st_Line

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

-120.0

-140.0

-160.0

-180.0

-200.01.0

1.5

2.2

3.2

4.6

6.8

10.0

14.7

21.5

31.6

46.4

68.1

100.0

146.8

215.4

316.2

464.2

681.3

1000.0

[ohm-m]

Kibindu_2nd_Line

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

Kibindu 1st Line Kibindu 2nd Line

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

-120.0

-140.0

-160.0

-180.0

-200.01.0

1.5

2.2

3.2

4.6

6.8

10.0

14.7

21.5

31.6

46.4

68.1

100.0

146.8

215.4

316.2

464.2

681.3

1000.0

[ohm-m]

Kibindu_3rd_Line

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

Kibindu 3rd Line

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

-120.0

-140.0

-160.0

-180.0

-200.01.0

1.5

2.2

3.2

4.6

6.8

10.0

14.7

21.5

31.6

46.4

68.1

100.0

146.8

215.4

316.2

464.2

681.3

1000.0

[ohm-m]

Kwanduma_1st_Line

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

-120.0

-140.0

-160.0

-180.0

-200.01.0

1.5

2.2

3.2

4.6

6.8

10.0

14.7

21.5

31.6

46.4

68.1

100.0

146.8

215.4

316.2

464.2

681.3

1000.0

[ohm-m]

Kwanduma_2nd_Line

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

Kwamduma 1st Line Kwamduma 2nd Line

Figure A7-2 2-D Images of Groundwater Exploration Results (1/11)

Bagamoyo


A7 - 10

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

-120.0

-140.0

-160.0

-180.0

-200.01.0

1.3

1.7

2.2

2.8

3.6

4.6

6.0

7.7

10.0

12.9

16.7

21.5

27.8

35.9

46.4

59.9

77.4

100.0

[ohm-m]

Minazi_Mikinda_1st_Line

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

1.0

1.3

1.7

2.2

2.8

3.6

4.6

6.0

7.7

10.0

12.9

16.7

21.5

27.8

35.9

46.4

59.9

77.4

100.0

[ohm-m]

Minazi_Mikinda_2nd_Line

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

Minazi Mikinda (1/2) 1st Line Minazi Mikinda (1/2) 2nd Line

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

1.0

1.3

1.7

2.2

2.8

3.6

4.6

6.0

7.7

10.0

12.9

16.7

21.5

27.8

35.9

46.4

59.9

77.4

100.0

[ohm-m]

Minazi_Mikinda_3rd_Line

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

Minazi Mikinda (1/2) 3rd Line

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

-120.0

-140.0

-160.0

-180.0

-200.01.0

1.3

1.7

2.2

2.8

3.6

4.6

6.0

7.7

10.0

12.9

16.7

21.5

27.8

35.9

46.4

59.9

77.4

100.0

[ohm-m]

Minazi_Mikinda_2-1

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0

0.0

-20.0

-40.0

-60.0

-80.0

-100.0

-120.0

-140.0

-160.01.0

1.3

1.7

2.2

2.8

3.6

4.6

6.0

7.7

10.0

12.9

16.7

21.5

27.8

35.9

46.4

59.9

77.4

100.0

[ohm-m]

Minazi_Mikinda_2-2

距離程　[m]

標

高

[m]

Minazi Mikinda (1/2) 2-1st Line Minazi Mikinda (1/2) 2-2nd Line

Figure A7-2 2-D Images of Groundwater Exploration Results (2/11)

Kibaha

5m

10m

15m

20m

25m

30m

35m

40m

45m

50m

54m

25.50

42.60

45.45

51.15

appendix 4 minutes of discussions · 1) necessity of formation and capacity building of cowso...

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