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Apollo 360 GPS ReceiverUser’s Guide

II Morrow Inc.2345 Turner Road S.E.Salem, Oregon 97309

February 1997 P/N 560-0123-01B

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by anymeans without the express written consent of II Morrow Inc.

II Morrow is a trademark of II Morrow Inc.

Apollo is a registered trademarkof II Morrow Inc.

© 1997 by II Morrow Inc. All rights reserved.

Printed in the U.S.A.

II Morrow Inc.Consumer Products Division2345 Turner Road S.E.Salem, OR 97302

U.S.A. Toll Free 800-525-6726Canada Toll Free 800-654-3415FAX (503) 364-2138International (503) 391-3411

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History of Revisions

October 1994 Original Release

October 1996 Revision 01 A

February 1997Notice regarding 8-channel receiver added to page 3-6

Revision 01 B

Ordering Information

To receive additional copies of this publication, order part#560-0123,Apollo 360 GPS User’s Guide.


P/N 560-0123-01 B

About This Manual

This manual is divided into seven sections, each containsinformation of a specific type. This information ispresented in a logical order such that the bestunderstanding of unit operation can be had by reading thismanual in its entirety from front to back. The fiveappendices at the back of this manual contain informationhelpful, but not critical to operation of the Apollo 360.

Those who are familiar with GPS navigation devices willfind that Sections 2 and 3 impart a good understanding ofunit operation, although it is recommended that a morethorough knowledge of how to use the Apollo 360 is gainedbefore using it as a navigation aid.

Here is a brief summary of information presented in eachsection and appendix.

Section 1 An explanation of basic concepts of the GlobalPositioning System (GPS) and how a GPS receiverworks.

Note

Those familiar with GPS navigation may wish to skipSection 1 and proceed to Section 2 to begin using theApollo 360.

Section 2 An introduction to operating the Apollo 360 GPSreceiver with a description of the function keys, knobs,and useful features

Section 3 A listing of the steps necessary to begin navigating usingthe Apollo GPS receiver

Section 4 Information on using the unit to navigate a trip and adescription of navigation options

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Section 5 An explanation of each main menu option

Section 6 A description of the waypoint database and informationit contains

AppendixA A glossary of navigation and GPS terms

AppendixB A listing of map datums included with the Apollo 360

AppendixC A tutorial containing instructions on how to “fly” the

Apollo 360 GPS receiver using the built-in simulator

AppendixD A troubleshooting guide explaining what to do if the

receiver fails to operate properly

AppendixE Summary of features

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Welcome...

Welcome to the ever-growing family of II Morrowcustomers using Apollo products around the world tonavigate with a high degree of accuracy. We at II Morroware proud of our reputation as a leading manufacturer ofnavigation equipment. Your Apollo model 360 GPSreceiver is an advanced navigation device built with qualityand pride. We are certain you will find it to be a versatileand valuable navigation instrument.

Contactingthe

Factory

Our staff of service technicians is available to assist youwith any operational difficulties you may experience or toanswer questions about your Apollo 360. Contact thefactory anytime from 8:00 A.M. until 5:00 P.M. Pacifictime Monday through Friday (excluding holidays).

II Morrow Inc.Technical Service Department2345 Turner Road S.E.Salem, OR 97301U.S.A.


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Caution

The Apollo 360 is a powerful navigation tool, but youshould never rely solely on any one piece of navigationequipment. It is important to maintain a constant awarenessof the navigation picture by using all appropriate resources.

This device should be installed only by an FAA certifiedfacility. Certified avionics technicians will properly installand checkout your Apollo 360, ensuring trouble freeoperation when you fly with the unit.

Federal Aviation Administration regulations require pilotsto practice SEE and AVOID. Do not study this manualwhile flying. Make your first flight using the Apollo 360during good weather in a low traffic area. Read at leastSections 2 and 3 of this manual before you fly.

The Apollo 360 is equipped with a built-in simulator toallow you to practice navigating without actually flying.Appendix C at the back of this manual contains a tutorialsection explaining how to use the simulator. Try thishelpful tool to familiarize yourself with operating the unitbefore navigating with the Apollo 360.

Remember, use the Apollo 360 for VFR operation only.

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Table of Contents

Section Subject Page

1 Introduction to GPS Navigation

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1GPS System Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

2 Introduction to the Apollo GPS Receiver

The Operating Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1Function Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2Navigation Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2Menu Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3Goto and Nearest Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3New Waypoint Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3Waypoint Information Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3The Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Display Care and Cleaning Instructions. . . . . . 2-4LCD Backlight Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5Helpful Instructions on the Display. . . . . . . . . 2-5

Control Knobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5The Power Knob. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6The Concentric Rotary Knobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

The Display Screens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7The Startup Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7Navigation Function Screens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8Menu Function Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9Goto and Nearest Function Screens. . . . . . . . 2-11New Waypoint Function Screen. . . . . . . . . . 2-12Waypoint Information Function Screen. . . . . 2-13

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

3 Getting Started

Power Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1Entering a Seed Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2Checking GPS Signal Strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Checking Each Satellite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

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Entering a Destination Waypoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9


4 Navigating a Trip

About the Navigation Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1About Navigation Function Screens. . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

GPS Signal Strength Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Current Messages Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3Present Position Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5Bearing/ETA/Track Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6Bearing/Range/Ground Speed Screen. . . . . . . 4-6Moving Map/Nav Window Screen. . . . . . . . . 4-7Moving Map Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8Zooming In or Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9Auto Zoom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9The Route Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-10

Searching for Nearest Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10Creating Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11Getting Waypoint Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Destination Waypoint Information. . . . . . . . 4-13Information About Other Waypoints. . . . . . . 4-13Information About Nearest Waypoints. . . . . 4-13Scanning Waypoints for Information. . . . . . . 4-14

Navigating Multiple Leg Trips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15Creating a Route. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15Changing a Route Waypoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17Adding a Route Waypoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18Deleting Route Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19Starting a Route. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-20Stopping or Holding a Route. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21Resuming a Route. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22Route “Direct To”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22

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5 Menu Function Options

The Main Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Changing Menu Option Settings. . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Return to Nav. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Operation Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4Time and Place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5Screen Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5Map Setups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6Declutter Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7Track Point History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8Arrival Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9Airspace Alerts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10CDI Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10Magnetic Variation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-11Countdown Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-12Display Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-13Serial Outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-14User Waypoint Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15System Info 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16System Info 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-16

Default Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-18

6 The Waypoint Database

Database Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1Available Waypoint Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

ARPT Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1VOR Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2NDB Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3INT Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3USER Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

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Appendices

A Glossary of Navigation Terms

B Map Datums

C Tutorial

D Troubleshooting

Contacting the Factory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3

E Features

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Section 1

Introduction to GPS Navigation

GPSOverview

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of24 satellites in six orbit lanes 10,898 nautical miles abovethe earth at an inclination angle of about 55 degrees fromthe equator. Each satellite orbits the earth twice in 24 hours.

The GPS was developed and the satellites launched by theU.S. Department of Defense with the original intent ofsupplying highly accurate position fix information formilitary applications. In recent years, commercialapplications for the information provided by this systemhave steadily increased in the civilian sector. Some of themore popular civilian uses of the system include surveyingand position fix data recording for civil engineeringapplications, and a broad range of marine, aviation, andterrestrial navigation applications.

While orbiting the earth, each GPS satellite transmitscomplex streams of data containing the operational statusand orbital location of all the satellites in the system. TheApollo 360 receives this data stream and processes theinformation to determine which satellites are “visible” tothe receiver’s antenna. With this determination made, the

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receiver chooses satellites to calculate a position fix. Usinginformation transmitted from three or more satellites, theunit can calculate latitude and longitude (usuallyabbreviated lat/lon); with four or more satellites, GPSaltitude can also be calculated.

GPSSystem

Accuracy

The GPS allows a high degree of position fix accuracy. Thesystem can produce a position fix accurate to within lessthan one meter. Due to concern for national security, theU.S. Department of Defense introduces constant errors tothe transmitted satellite data to degrade the accuracy of thesystem. Called Selective Availability, this practice limitsGPS position fix accuracy to about 100 meters, althoughthe relative position of the satellites to one another, theirelevation above the horizon, and other factors can alsoaffect accuracy of the position fix. Under optimalconditions, accuracy can improve to within 10 meters. GPSposition fix accuracy is not affected by atmosphericconditions.

GPS altitude is based on a mathematical model of thesphere of the earth. Including intentional degradation, GPSaltitude may differ from barometric altitude by severalhundred feet.

Summary Unlike navigation aids providing a position fix with datafrom land-based sources, the Apollo 360 can provide anaccurate position fix over land or sea anywhere in theworld. The unit includes an extensive database of usefulwaypoint information and allows you to create up to 2,000“customized” waypoints of your own. With the power ofthis navigation device in the cockpit, you can easilynavigate with unsurpassed accuracy.

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Section 2

Introduction to the Apollo 360

This section introduces you to the Apollo 360 and explainshow to use and switch between the unit’s operatingfunctions. A description of information that shows on thedisplay when you use each function is included at the backof this section. Section 3 builds on the introductoryinformation presented here as you switch on and beginusing the Apollo 360.

TheOperatingFunctions

There are five main operating functions, each performinga different and unique task while you navigate. Eachfunction also provides one or more screens of informationon the display. At least one of these functions is always inuse when the unit is on. The functions operateindependently of one another, so you can switch betweenthem freely without disrupting navigation.

The five operating functions are:

Navigation (always active)

Menu

Goto and nearest

New waypoint

Waypoint information

As you set up and navigate a course with the Apollo 360,you will typically use several of these operating functions.During the trip, you will use the navigation function mostof the time to monitor your progress. To most effectivelyuse the Apollo 360, become well acquainted with eachoperating function.

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FunctionKeys

Each of the operating functions is easily accessible fromthe front panel by using the function keys. Remember, thenavigation function is always active -pressing a key is notnecessary to enable it.

NavigationFunction

This function starts automatically when the unit isswitched on and stays active. You will use this functionmost often while flying. The navigation function providesinformation about:

Your current position and navigation progress to adestination

GPS satellite signals

Routes, or trips with multiple legs

Events or conditions important to trip navigation

Navigation function screens show on the display wheneverother functions are not in use.

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MenuFunction

Use this function to access a menu of options that modifythe way navigation information shows on the display. Inthis way, you may customize the Apollo 360 to best suityour navigation requirements. The menu function alsocontrols many other important ways the unit operates.

Goto andNearest

Functions

The goto and nearest functions operate together. Press thiskey once for the goto function or twice for the nearestfunction. Use the goto function to assign a destinationwaypoint, perhaps one you create, or a waypoint from theApollo 360’s built-in database. The nearest function,always available when you use the goto function, providesa list of waypoints nearest to your present position. Thesetwo functions allow you to quickly and easily create a flightplan, or change it while navigating.

NewWaypointFunction

Use the waypoint function to create your own waypointsand store them in the Apollo 360’s memory. You can createup to 2,000 of your own waypoints, each with a name youchoose. You can create waypoints based upon your presentposition, or you can enter latitude and longitudecoordinates (usually abbreviated lat/lon) to define thewaypoint location.

WaypointInformation

Function

Use this function to get information about any waypoint inthe Apollo 360’s built-in database, including those youhave created and stored. Available information includes:

Waypoint identifier and type (airport, VOR, NDB, orintersection)

Bearing and distance to the waypoint from your currentposition

Lat/lon coordinates of waypoint

For airports, the elevation, fuel availability and type,radio communication frequencies, runway details, andmore


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TheDisplay

The display shows information for each operatingfunction. This information typically includes navigationprogress, waypoint information, satellite tracking status,and menu options and selections. Display contrast and thedisplay backlight are adjustable to best suit viewingconditions in the cockpit. See “Screen Controls” inSection 5 for details on adjusting the screen.

DisplayCare andCleaningInstructions

Your new Apollo 360 GPS has a space-age anti-glare filmthat has been applied to the display screen. This is the samefilm that is used on the NASA Space Shuttle windows. Thesurface of the film has a hard coating that is scratchresistant. Despite this coating, extreme care must be takenwhen cleaning the display screen. To remove stains,smudges, fingerprints, and so forth, we recommend thesecleaning methods (if the first method fails to remove theproblem, try the next method):

Wipe with a clean, dry, non-abrasive fabric (forexample, cotton or Handi-wipes)

Blow on the area to condense moisture on the displayand then wipe the area with the clean fabric

Moisten a clean fabric with a small amount of water andwipe the display area

Apply a small amount of glass cleaner (withoutammonia) to the fabric and wipe the area

Apply a small amount of isopropyl alcohol and wipe thearea (this is the last resort)

Note:

Use a clean fabric with each cleaning method to avoidother contaminates.


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LCDBacklight

This key controls the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)backlight, enabling you to easily view the display in a widevariety of cockpit ambient light conditions. Five backlightintensity levels are available from no intensity (off) to highintensity.

HelpfulInstructions

on theDisplay

While you use most functions, the Apollo 360 shows youwhat to do. Helpful instructions typically appear on the topand bottom lines of the display. A highlighted, or darkenedword in an instruction advises you which key to press toselect an option.

ControlKnobs

The control knobs switch the Apollo 360 on and off, selectmenu options and make changes. The control knobs consistof the power knob at the upper left corner of the front paneland the concentric rotary knobs at the lower right cornerof the front panel.


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ThePowerKnob

This knob switches the receiver on and off. Each time youswitch the unit on, it performs internal diagnostics, beginstracking available GPS satellites, and activates thenavigation function. This process takes only a few seconds,providing that a seed position and current time have beenentered.

Note

You must enter a seed position and the current timebefore you navigate with the Apollo 360. This processis required only once, and greatly speeds the otherwiseslow receiver process of tracking available GPSsatellites. Entering a seed position and the current timeis explained in Section 3.

TheConcentric

RotaryKnobs

The LARGE and SMALL concentric rotary knobs allowyou to move the highlight cursor around the display toselect menu options and make changes. The highlightcursor typically shows on the display when you use anoperating function. The cursor indicates that thehighlighted item can be changed.

A vertical and/or horizontal arrow symbol often shows atthe lower right corner of the display. These symbolsindicate that additional options are available and thatchanges can be made.


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TheDisplayScreens

Information you view on the display while using theApollo 360 shows one page or “screen” at a time. Many ofthe operating functions can show more than one screen ofinformation. When more than one screen of information isavailable, either the vertical arrow symbol or an instructionline shows on the display to inform you that moreinformation awaits your view. Follow the instruction, or ifthe vertical arrow symbol shows on the display, turn theLARGE knob to view this additional information.

Information screens available while using each operatingfunction are introduced here. Section 4 contains additionaldetails about each operating function.

TheStartupScreens

The startup screens shows on the display for severalseconds after you switch on the Apollo 360. While thesescreens show on the display, the unit performs internaldiagnostics, begins tracking available GPS satellites, andactivates the navigation function.

RouteDisplay

Selection

It is worth noting here that the Screen Controls screen(located under the Main Menu) allows the user to selecteither a 1-Leg or 3-Leg route display. The 3-Leg displayprovides more route information in a single screen, but the1-Leg provides larger character size for easier viewing.


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NavigationFunctionScreens

The Apollo 360 shows one of eight screens while you usethe navigation function. Each screen contains usefulinformation. After the startup screen appears on thedisplay, the unit shows the GPS signal screen, allowing youto verify good signal reception from available satellites.You can “scroll” or page through the other availablescreens by turning the LARGE knob.


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MenuFunctionScreen

The menu function contains options that control manyways the Apollo 360 operates and lets you customize thenavigation function to suit your preference. The menufunction screen is a main menu with options selected byturning the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor up ordown the list.

The main menu contains these options:

Return to Nav -Returns the unit from the menu function to thenavigation function

Operation Mode -Enables the built-in navigation simulator or changes themap datum

Time and Place -Contains seed position and current time settings

Screen Controls -Contains control settings for display backlight andcontrast

Map Setups -Contains control settings for information shown onmoving map screens (navigation function)

Declutter Maps -Contains control settings for types of waypoints to showon moving map navigation screens (navigationfunction) and in the nearest waypoint list


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Track Point History -Controls navigation “track point” storage in memoryand whether points show on moving map navigationscreens (navigation function)

Arrival Alerts -Controls alert message at waypoint arrival

Airspace Alerts -Controls alert message at airspace entry

CDI Scale -Contains control settings for course deviation indicationand alert message

Magnetic Var -Contains control settings for magnetic variation incourse headings

Countdown Time -Controls built-in countdown timer

Display Units -Contains control settings for navigation units ofmeasure

Serial Outputs -Controls either of the two serial ports for interface withexternal devices

User Wpt Mgmt -Controls editing or deletion of waypoints you haveentered in the Apollo 360’s memory

System Info 1 -Enables showing of unit serial number and currenthardware and software versions on the display

System Info 2 -Enables showing of current database and operatingsystem versions on the display

Using the menu function does not interrupt navigation.Section 5 describes how to use each main menu option.


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Goto andNearestFunctionScreens

The paired goto and nearest functions work together,allowing you to quickly and easily assign a destinationwaypoint (goto) or to assign a waypoint near your presentposition as a destination (nrst). The goto function startswhen you press the GOTO/NRST key once. Assign adestination waypoint from the goto function screen usingthe LARGE and SMALL knobs. The assigned destinationwaypoint may be one you created, or a waypoint from thebuilt-in database. The screen shows the assigneddestination waypoint and the waypoint’s location relativeto your present position.

When you press the GOTO/NRST key again, the nearestfunction starts. The nearest function screen shows a listingof up to 30 of the waypoints nearest to your present positionand the location of each waypoint relative to your presentposition. You can assign any of these waypoints as adestination by pressing the ENT key.


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Section 3 contains more information about assigning adestination waypoint. Navigation to an assigned waypointis not interrupted while using either of these functionsunless you assign a new destination waypoint.

NewWaypointFunctionScreen

This screen shows information about waypoints you createusing the new waypoint function. You can use presentposition lat/lon coordinates for the new waypoint’slocation, or enter coordinates of your choice from thisscreen. Information on the screen includes the createdwaypoint’s location and the location of the nearest VORrelative to your present position.


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WaypointInformationFunctionScreen

The waypoint information function can be used anytime toget information about a waypoint without interruptingnavigation. The waypoint information function screenshows the waypoint identifier, and distance and bearingfrom your present position. The vertical arrow symbol atthe bottom right corner of the display indicates that moreinformation is available by turning the LARGE knob toscroll through additional screens.

Summary

Once you have become familiar with using the Apollo 360to navigate, you will find that switching between operatingfunctions is fast and easy and that you will do this oftenwhile navigating a trip. No matter which operatingfunction you use, the unit allows you to quickly and easilyreturn to the always active navigation function. Yourpresent position continues to be calculated withoutinterruption while you use the other operating functions.

Here is a quick review of the purpose of each operatingfunction.

Navigation function - providesinformation about your current positionand navigation progress, GPS satellitesignals, multiple legs trips, and messagesshowing important events or conditionswhile you navigate. You exit from otherfunctions to return to this one.

AlwaysActive


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Menu function - calls up the main menuof options to control ways the Apollo 360operates. This function also controls theway navigation information shows on thedisplay.

Goto and Nearest functions - Gotoassigns a destination waypoint from theApollo 360’s built-in database. Nearestcalls up a list of up to 30 waypoints nearestto your present position, any of whichmay be assigned as a new destination.

New waypoint function - createswaypoints and stores them in memory.Created waypoints can be based uponyour present posi t ion, or lat/ loncoordinates you enter.

Waypoint information function - callsup information from the Apollo 360’sbuilt-in waypoint database. You can alsoaccess information about waypoints youhave created. Information includes thewaypoint identifier and type, waypointbearing and distance from your currentposition, waypoint lat/lon coordinates,and more.

LCD backlight - controls whether or notthe backlight is on, and the backlightintensity level.

The next section explains how to start up the Apollo 360,enter the seed position and current time, and assign adestination waypoint. Once these tasks are completed, theunit is ready to use to navigate a trip.

INFO

Backlight

NEAREST

MENU

GOTO

WPT


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Section 3

Getting Started

This section explains how to get started using theApollo 360. Information in this section explains how tostartup the unit, check signals from the GPS satellites, entera seed position, and assign a destination waypoint.

This section shows you how to quickly start the Apollo 360and check for proper operation. It is necessary to enter aseed position and the current time the first time you switchthe unit on.

Power up

Enter a seed position (your dealer may have alreadycompleted this step for you)

Check satellite signal strength

Enter goto waypoint

Begin navigating

Power Up To switch the unit on, turn the power knob clockwise (theknob is above and to the left of the display). The startupscreen shows on the display for several seconds.

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Enteringa SeedPosition

The first time the Apollo 360 is switched on, it must locatesatellites in the sky to acquire signals before determininga position fix. This is a complex process involving lengthymathematical operations and, without a seed position andthe current time and date, can take 30 minutes or more tocomplete. Enter this information to allow the receiver toquickly locate and track available satellites.

Note

The seed position and current time must only be enteredthe first time the receiver is switched on. Thisinformation is stored in memory and need not beentered again. Your dealer may have already enteredthe local time and position for you.

How to Do This

1. P r e s s M E N U t oa c c e s s the mainmenu.

2. Select the “Time andPlace” option.

3. Press the ENT key.

4. Set the lat i tudea n d l o n g i t u d ecoordinates near toyour current position.

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Use the SMALLknob to change values.The LARGE knob moves the highlight onthe screen to select the next value tochange.

5. Set the current date.

Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs asyou did to set the lat/long coordinates instep 4.

6. Set local time. (Orenter UTC time andskip step 7 below.)

Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs toselect and set local time (LOC). You mayalso enter current UTC time and skip entryof UTC differential in step 7. It is notnecessary to enter seconds - they cannotbe set.

7. Set the differencebetween local timeand UTC time.

Use the illustration on the next page todetermine the UTC differential for yourarea. Enter this value as the differencebetween local and UTC time (UTCDIFF).


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As an example, the UTC DIFF value inSeattle, Washington would be +08:00 (or+07:00 during daylight savings time).


The values you set are entered and the main menureturns to the display. “Return To Nav” is selected.

9. Press the ENT keyonce again.

The display shows the navigation screenin use before the menu function wasstarted in step 1.

1 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Add Hours Subtract Hours

Subract 1 hour during summer for Daylight Savings Time(where DST applies)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 11 12+ -


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CheckingGPS

SignalStrength

After startup, the unit shows the GPS signal strength screenon the display, indicating that the navigation function isactive.

Note

While the Apollo 360 acquires signal information fromsatellites, the bars representing signal strength showgrey in color. This process takes place quickly. Whenthe unit has acquired the signals and begins trackingthe satellites, the bars change to black.

The GPS signal strength screen is the first to show onthe display after the unit starts up. Make it a habit tocheck this screen to make sure that the constellation ofsatellites are healthy and that the unit is properlytracking visible satellites before you fly.

In this example, the screen shows that six satellite signalsare being received. The question mark symbol (?) ishighlighted, indicating that information on the displayrelates to all visible satellites. The Apollo 360 requiressignals from at least four satellites to calculate a 3Dposition fix (lat/lon and GPS altitude).


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CheckingEach

Satellite

Turn the SMALL knob to viewinformation about each of the visiblesatel l i tes. This example showsinformation about satellite 25.

Important!

The GPS antenna must be able to “see” each satelliteit is tracking. If a satellite is “shaded” by the wing orfuselage during a turn, it may temporarily loose trackof that satellite. If this happens, or if the geometry ofthe satellites available is poor, the unit may temporarilycalculate a “2D Fix” or “DR Fix” (dead reckoning).

NOTICE

Apollo 360 GPS units, part number 430-0256-01,contain an 8-channel GPS receiver instead of the6-channel receiver used in earlier units. The 8-channelApollo 360 GPS units provide performace that is equalto or better than the 6-channel models. However, theSatellite Tracking Page will only show tracking statusof the satellites assigned to channels 1 through 6. It ispossible that up to 2 satellites that are in track ( thoseassigned to channels 7 and 8) will not appear on theSatellite Tracking Page.


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Enteringa

DestinationWaypoint

With a seed position and the current time and date set, theApollo 360 is ready to begin navigating a trip. Prepare fortrip navigation by entering a destination waypoint.

How to Do This

1. Press theGOTO/NRST key.

The goto function screen shows on thedisplay with the distance and bearingfrom your present position to theindicated waypoint.

2. Select a destinationwaypoint.

Use the SMALL knob to change thehighlighted character in the waypointidentifier. The LARGE knob moves thehighlight on the screen to select the nextcharacter to change.

Note

Waypoints on the display are stored in theunit’s built-in database. By moving thehighlight to ARPT and turning the SMALLknob, you can change the type ofdestination waypoint to select: airport,NDB, VOR, INT, or USER (user created).For instance, with ARPT indicated as thetype of destination waypoint, onlyairports show on the display as you selectidentifier characters.


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Hints

For airport waypoints, turn the LARGEknob to move the highlight on the screendown to the second line containing the cityname. You can select characters in thisline, too. The SMALL knob scrollsthrough waypoint names that most closelymatch the characters you select.

You can also scroll through eachwaypoint in the database. With thehighlight over the first character of eitherthe waypoint identifier OR city name, turnthe LARGE knob one detentcounterclockwise. A highlighted verticalarrow symbol appears to the left of thefirst character.

Use the SMALL knob to scroll througheach waypoint in the Apollo GPSreceiver’s built-in database.

3. Make sure correctwaypoint is selected.


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The selected waypoint is set as thedestination. The display shows thenavigation screen in use before the Gotofunction was started in step 1.

Summary With the seed position and current time entered, and thedestination waypoint showing on the display, the Apollo360 is ready to use to help you navigate. Before you fly,remember to check GPS satellite signal strength and verifythe type of position fix the unit is providing based on visiblesatellites above you. This operation is quick and easy, asthe satellite signal strength screen is the first to show onthe display after the unit starts up.

The next section contains information about how to use thenavigation function while you fly. A built-in simulator isincluded with the Apollo 360 to help you become betteracquainted with using it. Appendix C at the back of thismanual contains a tutorial on how to start the simulator andpractice navigating without actually flying.


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Notes:


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Section 4

Navigating a Trip

This section explores the navigation function and describesthe powerful features it contains. You will use this functionmost frequently while you fly, so it is important to have agood understanding of this operating function. Follow theinstructions provided in Section 2 before you read thissection. Leave the unit on, relax in the cockpit with youraircraft parked, and use the features this section describesto become familiar with them. In this way, you can moreeffectively use this powerful navigation instrument to youradvantage when flying. Even though you may not beactively navigating, you will be able to gain valuablefamiliarity with the unit. When you become comfortableoperating the unit, you may wish to “fly” the Apollo 360using the built-in simulator. Follow the tutorialinstructions in Appendix C.

About theNavigationFunction

The navigation function is always active. When you useother functions, the navigation function continues to run“in the background” calculating your present position,navigating your multiple leg trip (if active), and alertingyou to events or conditions important to the navigationprocess. When you finish using other functions, the unitautomatically returns to the navigation function,displaying the last navigation screen used.

About theNavigationFunctionScreens

While you navigate, the Apollo 360 gives informationoneight screens. Each screen contains unique informationuseful to the navigation effort.

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

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The LARGE knob “scrolls” or pages forward or backwardthrough the screens in the order shown in Section 2. Afteryou become more familiar with each screen, you maydevelop a preference for some. This section describes eachscreen.

GPSSignal

StrengthScreen

This screen, the first to appear after the unit starts up,contains information about signals received from visiblesatellites in the sky.

The screen tells you:

The type of position fix currently calculated by the unit:

NO FIX: no signals available

DR FIX: (Dead Reckoning) the position is estimatedbased on the last known track, ground speed, andposition

2D FIX: the position fix is calculated based on signalsfrom only three satellites and GPS altitude is notavailable

3D FIX: the position fix is calculated based on signalsfrom four or more satellites, and GPS altitude isavailable

The total number of operational or “good” GPSsatellites in orbit

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

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The number of satellites visible in the sky from yourposition

The Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) value for theposition fix provided by the satellite constellation - ahigh value (6 or greater) indicates poor positionreliability, while a value of 3 or less indicates goodposition reliability

In addition, individual satellite information is available byrotating the SMALL knob, as follows:

The strength of the received signal from each satellite

The satellite azimuth and elevation from the currentposition

The GPS receiver’s current track status for each visiblesatellite

CurrentMessages

Screen

The Apollo 360 helps you navigate by informing you ofimportant events or conditions while you fly. When animportant event or condition occurs, an alert messageshows on the display to inform you. (Alerts marked withthe * can be controlled by menu options described inSection 5.) Alerts may show on the display anytime theunit is operating to alert you of the following conditions:

Airspace penetration*

Arrival at a destination*


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Excessive course deviation*

Loss of position fix

Low memory back-up battery

Expiration of countdown time

Manual magnetic variationalert

Magnetic variationcompensation limitation

Simulated flight warning


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When you see one of these alerts on the display, follow theinstruction shown to clear it. Clearing the alert removes itfrom the display. The screen shown before the alertappeared returns to the display.

The current messages screen serves as a review of any alertspresented this way during the trip. Alert messages that showon the screen must be valid at the time you check them orthey will not show as a current message. Press ENT, asshown on the current message screen, to view other currentmessages (if available).

PresentPositionScreen

This screen shows the lat/long coordinates of your presentposition, GPS altitude, and any course deviation fromdesired track.

When you fly, this screen can be valuable to check yourposition against a chart with close precision. Keep in mindthat GPS altitude is not based on the same criteria asbarometric altitude which uses a pressure offset value. GPSaltitude is also affected by selective availability.

Course deviation shows in the rectangular CourseDeviation Indicator (CDI) at the bottom of the display. Theairplane symbol moves over the graduated CDI to showyour current distance left or right of desired track. You canselect CDI range and units of measure using the menufunction options “CDI Scale” and “Units of Measure”described in Section 5.

Bearing/ETA/Track

Screen

In addition to the CDI, the bearing/ETA/track screen alsoshows:

The destination waypoint and type


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The bearing (BRG), estimated time of arrival (ETA),and desired track (DTK) to the destination

The current time

The current track

Bearing/Range/GroundSpeedScreen

Similar to the bearing/ETA/track screen, this onesubstitutes range for ETA, estimated time enroute (ETE)for current time, and ground speed (GS) for desired track.Since this screen is viewable by turning the LARGE knobonly one detent clockwise from the bearing/ETA/trackscreen, you will likely find it convenient to switch backand forth between these two screens often to check yournavigation progress.

MovingMap/NavWindowScreen

One of the most attractive features of the Apollo 360 is itsability to show your navigation progress graphicallyagainst a “moving map” of waypoints. Your presentposition is indicated by the airplane symbol near the centerof the display.


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Using the moving map screen, you can easily track yournavigation progress as the aircraft travels over or nearwaypoints beneath you. The moving map/nav windowscreen shows this information in the box at the right sideof the display:

The destination waypoint and type

Bearing to the destination waypoint

Range to the destination waypoint

Ground speed

Current track

Course deviation distance and a directional arrowindicating the direction to turn to get on course

The map scale shows in the highlight at the lower leftcorner of the screen. The scale shows the approximatedistance represented on the map between the airplanesymbol and the top border of the display. You can selectdistance units of measure for the map scale and all othernavigation screens using the menu function “DisplayUnits” option explained in Section 5.

The figure below shows a change in scale caused byturning the SMALL knob. The scale may be changed from.1 nm to 750 nm or set to auto. In this case, the distancefrom the airplane icon to the top of the screen is 20 miles.


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MovingMap

Screen

This moving map screen is similar to the one just described,but it fills the entire display.

The following information shows in highlighted boxes ateach corner of the display:

The destination waypoint

Bearing to the destination waypoint

Map scale

Range to the destination waypoint

The moving map screens represent graphic views of yournavigation progress in a format easy to interpret whileflying. Note that the display orientation may be changedso that the top of the may be north, desired track, or track.The map setup option, described in Section 5, explains howto change the orientation.

ZoomingIn or Out

The moving map screens feature a handy zoom function toallow you to enhance your view of navigation progress.Zoom in or out by turning the SMALL knob. Zooming inchanges the view to enlarge map detail, as if the airplanesymbol was flying at a lower altitude over the map surface.

Similarly, zooming out allows a view of greater distancearound the airplane symbol, as if the airplane was flyinghigher over the map. As you zoom in or out, the map scalechanges to show the new distance represented between theairplane symbol and the top border of the display. Zoomingin close to airport waypoints enables you to see yourorientation in relation to available runways.


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AutoZoom

The auto zoom feature changes the moving map scaleautomatically, adjusting the map scale to zoom in closerand closer as you near the destination waypoint. Similarly,this feature adjusts the map scale to zoom out as yourdistance from a waypoint of origin increases.

Enable auto zoom by turning the SMALL knob until“AUTO” shows as the map scale. Using auto zoom freesyou from manually adjusting the map scale as you view themoving map screens.

TheRouteScreen

The Apollo 360 has the ability to store up to 20 reversibletrip plans or “routes” in memory. Each route can consist ofup to 30 waypoints, either those you create or those fromthe built-in waypoint database.

The preceding and following displays show the 1-Leg and3-Leg routescreens, respectively.Youcanselecteither displayusing the Screen Control function under the Main Menu.


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The route screen shows the status (on or off) and either thenext two or the next four waypoints of each route, as wellas the desired track and distance between the displayedwaypoints. No more than one route may be active, or ONat any time while you navigate. When the route screen isdisplayed, review each route by pressing the ENT keywhen NXT RTE is highlighted. The procedure to set uproutes is explained later in this section. The 1-Leg screenuses larger characters for easier viewing. The 3-Leg screenprovides more information on a single display. Theprocedure for setting up the route is the same using eitherscreen.

Searchingfor

NearestWaypoints

An important feature of the Apollo 360 is its ability tolocate waypoints closest to your position as you fly. Shouldyou have to land the aircraft quickly, you can use thisfeature to locate a nearby waypoint, assign it as adestination, and quickly navigate to it.

While navigating, press the GOTO/NRST key twice toactivate the nearest function and search for waypointsclosest to your present position.


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The nearest function screen shows up to 30 nearestwaypoints in order of distance from your present position.The waypoint type, bearing to the waypoint, and range tothe waypoint also shows.

Turn the LARGE knob clockwise to move the arrow cursordown the list to select a destination. Press the ENT key toassign your chosen waypoint as a destination. The displayreturns to the navigation function automatically.

You can also return to the navigation function withoutassigning a new destination waypoint from the list bypressing the MENU key. You may also exit the functionby turning the SMALL knob to select “QUIT” at thebottom of the display and pressing the ENT key.

Important

You can control the types of waypoints that show on thedisplay as the result of a search for nearest waypoints.The menu function “Declutter Maps” option allowsyou to choose whether or not to display airports, VORs,NDBs, and intersections as searched waypoints and onthe moving map screens. Before you fly, make sure tocheck this option and confirm that the waypoint typesyou wish to show will appear on the display after asearch and while using the moving map screens. The“Declutter Maps” option is explained in Section 5.

CreatingWaypoints

The Apollo 360 allows you to create up to 2,000 of yourown waypoints, each with a name you choose. As younavigate, you may wish to create waypoints at locationsthat are important to you, or waypoints to which you planto return. You can use your present position or enter lat/loncoordinates for the waypoint’s location.


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Use the new waypoint function to create waypoints. Pressthe WPT key. The new waypoint function screen allowsyou to enter a waypoint name of your choice, or you canuse the default waypoint name that the unit assigns as anumber.

Turn the LARGE knob to move the highlight to the desiredcharacter in the waypoint name to change it. Once you haveentered the desired waypoint name, you can assign the newwaypoint your present position coordinates by pressing theENT key. If you wish your new waypoint to be locatedelsewhere, use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to movethe highlight and change the waypoint lat/long coordinates.When you are finished, press the ENT key to enter the newwaypoint into memory.

The fact that you may assign either your present positionor lat/lon coordinates of your choice when you createwaypoints is significant. You can create waypoints eitheras you fly, or more conveniently, before or after you flywhen you are not busy navigating.

You can always edit or delete waypoints you have created.The menu function “User Waypoint Management” optionallows you to perform these tasks. The use of this optionis described in Section 5.

GettingWaypointInformation

Use the waypoint information function anytime to getinformation on waypoints in the Apollo 360’s memory,including waypoints you have created. A complete listingof available information is included in Section 6, thatexplains the built-in waypoint database.


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DestinationWaypointInformation

Press the INFO key to activate the waypoint informationfunction.

The waypoint information screen introduced in Section 2shows on the display with information about the currentdestination waypoint. Turn the LARGE knob to scrollthrough additional screens of information about thewaypoint. Press the INFO key again to return to thenavigation function.

InformationAboutOther

Waypoints

You can also get information about any other waypoint inmemory by using the goto function together with thewaypoint information function. Press the GOTO/NRSTkey as if you were assigning a destination waypoint. Usethe LARGE and SMALL knobs to select the waypointname. When the desired waypoint name shows on thedisplay, press the INFO key to get information about thewaypoint.

To return to the navigation function, press the MENU key,then press the ENT key.

InformationAbout

NearestWaypoints

The waypoint information function also works with thenearest function. This allows you to quickly getinformation about any of the waypoints nearest to yourpresent position.


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Press the GOTO/NRST key twice to search for nearestwaypoints. When the list of these waypoints shows on thedisplay, use the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor tothe desired waypoint. Press the INFO key to getinformation about the waypoint.

To return to the navigation function, press the MENU key,then press the ENT key.

ScanningWaypoints

forInformation

You can “scan” waypoints on the moving map screens toget information quickly. With a moving map screenshowing on the display, press the ENT key several times.

Notice that the highlight moves from the destinationwaypoint to a different waypoint on the screen each timeyou press this key. When the highlight has moved to thedesired waypoint, press the INFO key to get informationabout the waypoint. This feature makes it fast andconvenient to get information about any waypoint nearyour flight path while you navigate.


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NavigatingMultiple

Leg Trips

The ability of the Apollo 360 to store multiple leg flightplans is very useful. Once you set up a route, you cannavigate the plan in forward or reverse. You can also edita route you have created, or select any waypoint from aroute and navigate directly to it, skipping other waypointsand legs of the trip. Remember, you can use the ScreenControl function to set the route screen to display either1-Leg or 3-Legs of the route you create.

Creatinga Route

Select “EDIT” from the route screen to begin creating routenumber 01. Then select “INS” to insert waypoints into theroute.

Prepare to insert waypoints into your route beginning withthe waypoint of origin. Then you can insert otherwaypoints in the order you will travel to them, workingtoward the destination waypoint.

Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to select and changethe waypoint identifier for the first waypoint. When thedesired waypoint shows on the first line of the display,press the ENT key. The arrow cursor moves to the secondline for insertion of waypoint number 02. Repeat theprocess you used to insert the origin waypoint into theroute.


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When you scroll up to show two waypoints, the routescreen shows the bearing and distance between them.

When you finish inserting waypoints into the route, select“DONE” and press the ENT key to complete route editing.Remember, you can always change, add, or delete routewaypoints later.

When you finish with the first route, you can immediatelycreate another. The screen shows route 02, empty andready for insertion of waypoints. To create a new route,select “EDIT” and proceed as with creation of route 01.


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Changinga Route

WaypointYou can change any waypoint along a route. Select theroute to change from the route screen. If you have severalroutes created, press the ENT key while “NXT RTE” ishighlighted to page through the routes. When the correctroute shows on the display, select “EDIT” as if creating aroute.

Turn the LARGE knob to select a waypoint to change.When the cursor arrow points to the desired waypoint,select “CHG” to change it.

Change the waypoint as desired. Repeat for otherwaypoints to change.

Each time a change is made, “DONE” is highlighted. Whenwaypoints are changed as desired, press the ENT key tocomplete route editing.


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Adding aRoute

Waypoint

You can add waypoints to any route. Add waypoints to aroute by inserting them into the route at the proper location.

Select the route from the route screen that you want to insertwaypoints. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating a route.

Turn the LARGE knob to move the cursor arrow to thewaypoint where you wish to insert the new waypoint.

Select “INS” to insert the waypoint into the route.

Each time a change is made, “INS” is highlighted to allowinsertion of another waypoint.

When all desired waypoints are inserted into the route,move highlight to “DONE” and press the ENT key tocomplete route editing.


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DeletingRoute

Waypoints

To delete waypoints from a route, scroll through the routescreen pages to select the route that you wish to deletewaypoints. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating a route.

Use the LARGE knob to move the marker arrow to thewaypoint you wish to delete. Select “DEL” to delete thewaypoint from the route and press the ENT key.

Note

The screen below shows deletion of a waypoint with the3-leg route screen selected.

When desired waypoints are deleted from the route, select“DONE” and press the ENT key to complete route editing.

Note

Deleting waypoints from routes will not remove themfrom the waypoint database.


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Starting aRoute

When you are ready to navigate a route, it must be started.Only one route can be started, or active at any time.

Select the route you wish to start from the route menu.Select “START” to start the route.

Only one route can be “started” or active at any time. Youcan navigate the route in either direction, depending onyour present position. If your present position is at the lastwaypoint in the route, you could use this last waypoint asthe point of origin by selecting “REVERSE.”

After a route is started (route “ON”), you can view otherroutes or edit them. From any route screen, you can quicklyreturn to the active route by pressing and holding the ENTkey.


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Stoppingor

Holding aRoute

While flying a route, you may wish to deviate temporarilyfrom your intended flight plan. You may then want toresume travel on this route. You can “hold” the route to dothis. A route on “hold” can be resumed later from thecurrent leg. “Holding” a route leaves the route active, butstops leg sequencing while you deviate from the plannedcourse of travel.

In other cases, you may wish to abandon an active route tonavigate a different route or to travel to waypoints not inthe route. Press the GOTO key, dial in a new waypoint, andpress the ENT key. If the new waypoint is not in the activeroute, the route will be stopped. If you wish just to stop theroute, use the “Stop” option.

Stop or hold the active route by selecting it from the routemenu. Press and hold the ENT key to select the active route.

Select “STOP” or “HOLD” the route. You can also select“QUIT” to avoid any action and return to the active routescreen.


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Resuminga Route

Select “RESUME” to resume a route on hold.

Route“Direct

To”

While navigating a route, you may wish to bypass one ormore waypoints and proceed directly to a destinationwaypoint. The route “Direct To” feature allows you to dothis.

Select the active route from the route menu. Then, select“EDIT” as if creating or modifying a route.

Turn the LARGE knob to move the marker arrow to thewaypoint to which you wish to navigate. Then, press theGOTO/NRST key. Press the ENT key to enter thewaypoint as the destination.

The route screen shows “direct” status to the waypoint.

You can now navigate directly to the desired destinationwaypoint, bypassing previous waypoints in the route.


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Section 5

Menu Function Options

This section details options available when you use themenu function. Use this function to access a menu ofoptions that modify the way navigation information isdisplayed. The menu options allow you to customize theApollo 360 to best suit your navigation requirements. Themenu function also controls many other important waysthe unit operates. A list of menu option default settings(those in effect when the unit is first switched on) for eachoption is included at the back of this section. Optionsettings are stored in memory and remain in effect untilyou change them.

NoteNavigation is not interrupted while you use otherfeatures.

The menu function makes these options available:

Return to NavReturns the unit from the menu function to thenavigation function

Operation ModeEnables the built-in navigation simulator or changes themap datum

Time and PlaceContains seed position and current time settings

Screen ControlsContains control settings for display backlight andcontrast as well as 1-Leg/3-Leg route display selection

Map SetupsContains control settings for information shown onmoving map screens (navigation function)

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

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Declutter MapsLimits items shown on the moving map screens and inthe nearest waypoints list

Track Point HistoryControls navigation “track point” storage in memoryand whether points show on moving map screens(navigation function)

Arrival AlertsControls alert message at waypoint arrival

Airspace AlertsControls airspace penetration alert message

CDI ScaleContains control settings for course deviation indicationand alert message

Magnetic VarContains control settings for magnetic variation incourse headings

Countdown TimeControls built-in countdown timer

Display UnitsContains control settings for navigation units ofmeasure

Serial OutputsControls the two serial ports for interface with externaldevices

User Wpt MgmtControls editing or deletion of waypoints you haveentered in the Apollo 360’s memory

System Info 1Enables viewing of unit serial number and currenthardware and software version information

System Info 2Shows current database and operating system versions

Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

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Take a moment to become familiar with each menu option.Use the information in this section to explore each optionand understand how it affects the operation of the Apollo360. This section can also serve as a reference for later useto refresh your memory about options you may useinfrequently.

TheMainMenu

The main menu contains all menu function options. Youcan call up the main menu anytime to use the options. Pressthe MENU key. When the main menu shows on thedisplay, select the desired option by turning the LARGEknob to move the arrow cursor up or down the list ofoptions. With the desired option selected, press the ENTkey to activate it.

ChangingMenuOption

Settings

Changing settings on any menu option screen is done inthe same way. Use the LARGE knob to move the highlighton the screen to the option item you wish to change. Thenuse the SMALL knob to change the setting.

Return toNav

Use this option to leave the menu function and return tothe screen shown on the display before you pressed theMENU key. This option is typically used when you areready to continue navigating after using other menuoptions to make changes.

Note

“RETURN TO NAV” is automatically selected whenyou call the main menu. If you accidentally select thewrong menu option or if you decide to abandon makingchanges, you can easily leave the menu function by


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pressing the MENU key to again call the main menu.With “RETURN TO NAV” selected, press the ENT keyto leave the menu function, or turn the LARGE knob toselect a different option.

OperationMode

This option sets the Apollo 360 operation mode and selectsthe map datum the unit uses while you navigate.

Select either the “aviation” or “simulator” operation mode.Select “simulator” only when you wish to use the built-insimulator to practice navigating with the unit. With theaviation mode selected, you can change the map datum

Important

Verify that you have the correct map datum selected forthe area where you navigate. Datum WGS 1984 isautomatically selected and is the most current fornavigation in the United States. If you navigate using achart based on a different datum, make sure youchange the datum to match the chart. A list of availablemap datums appears in Appendix B.


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Using the simulator mode, you can select the ground speedyou “fly” the Apollo 360. Ground speed units of measureare changeable using the “Display Units” option discussedlater in this section. All operating functions are availablewhile you use the simulator. After simulator use, the unitreturns automatically to the “aviation” operation mode thenext time you switch on the power.

Timeand Place

Use this option to enter your present position and set UTCand local times as Section 3 describes. It is necessary toenter the time and place the first time the Apollo 360 isswitched on. It is also necessary to enter this informationif the unit is switched off and moved a distance of severalhundred miles or more. Time and place information youenter is stored in memory and need not be entered again.

ScreenControls

This option controls operation of the display backlight, andallows you to adjust display contrast. Turn the SMALLknob to select backlight Off, Lo, MLo, MHi, or Hi intensitylevels. This option also allows selection of either 1-Leg or3-Leg Route Display screens.

Note

You can also control the display backlight using thebacklight key at the lower right of the front panel. Pressthis key repeatedly to switch the backlight intensitythrough the levels described above.


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Turn the LARGE knob to select “CONTRAST.” Adjustdisplay contrast by turning the SMALL knob.

Adjust the contrast to suit your preference and viewing angle.As you make adjustments, the horizontal bar at the bottom ofthe display shows the current contrast level. “-” indicateslowercontrast,while “+” indicateshighercontrast.Acontrastsetting near the middle of the bar is satisfactory in most cases.The contrast setting you select is stored in memory andremains in effect until you change it.

Turn the LARGE knob highlight route diplay and theSMALL knob to select between 1-Leg and 3-Leg RouteDisplay screens. The 1-Leg display uses large letters foreasier viewing. The 3-Leg display provides moreinformation on a single screen.

MapSetups

This option controls what and how information shows onthe moving map screens. Select whether or not the Apollo360 should show a route path or airspaces in the vicinity.

With route path “ON,” a line representing your intendedflight path shows on the moving map screens to aid you innavigating to your destination. Zooming in on the movingmap screens, you can clearly see deviation from yourcourse.


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When airspaces are “ON,” airspace boundaries show onthe moving map screens.

“ORIENT UP” allows you to select orientation of themoving maps, with the top of the screen representingcurrent track, desired track, or true north.

DeclutterMaps

This option controls the waypoints that show on themoving map screens and are used for nearest waypointsearch. Types of waypoints you set to “ON” are displayedwhile those set to “OFF,” are not visible on the movingmap screens. You can choose whether or not to show thefollowing types of waypoints:

Airports (ARPTS)

Very High Frequency Omnirange (VORS)

Non-Directional Beacon (NDBS)

Intersections (INTS)

User Created (USERS)


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The “IDENTS ON MAPS” feature controls whether or notwaypoint identifiers show on the moving map screens.With “NO” selected, small symbols represent locations ofwaypoints. Only the current To waypoint, and possiblyroute waypoints (see Map Setups) show on the movingmap screens.

Note

The destination waypoint identifier always shows onthe moving map screens, regardless of this setting.

TrackPoint

History

This option allows you to store a record of navigationprogress in memory. The stored record consists of a seriesof track points, each containing your position at the timethe point was stored. You can choose whether or not tostore track points, how often to store them, and manage thestorage process using this option.

Each stored track point consumes space in memory. Youcan store up to 2,000 track points.

When track history is “ON,” points are stored in memory.Your track history displays on the moving map screens asa series of dots showing your flight path. Each dot indicatesa stored point. When track history is “OFF,” no track pointsare stored or shown on the moving map screens.

You can select the track point storage strategy. Select“FOREVER” to continuously store points, starting againand writing over existing points when memory becomesfull, or select “UNTIL FULL” to stop storing points whenmemory becomes full.


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You can also control the storage interval for track points.Saving points by “DISTANCE” allows you to select adistance interval to determine when each track point isstored. Similarly, saving points by “TIME” allows you toselect the minutes and seconds interval for each track point.

“USED” shows you the percentage of memory space usedfor track point storage. If you wish to empty the memoryof track points, select “CLEAR?” and choose “YES.”

ArrivalAlerts

This option controls whether or not and when the Apollo360 should alert you of arrival at a destination.

If you choose “YES” for the alert message, the arrival alertwill show on the display to advise you of arrival at adestination waypoint.

You can choose the radius distance around the destinationwaypoint where the Apollo 360 alerts you. This distancecan be shown in the unit of measure you choose using the“DISPLAY UNITS” setting described later in this section.


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AirspaceAlerts

Use this option to control whether or not and when the unitshould alert you when approaching Class B, C, or specialuse airspaces.

If you choose “YES” for the alert message, the airspacealert will show on the display advising you of approachingairspace penetration within the distance or time you select.

The distance buffer is the distance from the airspace borderwhere you will be alerted. This distance can be shown inthe unit of measure you choose using the “DISPLAYUNITS” setting described later in this section. The timebuffer contains the travel time (based upon current trackand speed) from the airspace border where you will bealerted.

CDI Scale This option controls operation of the course deviation alertand allows you to set the CDI scale units to your preference.


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If you choose “YES” for the alert message, the coursedeviation alert will show on the display advising you whencourse deviation exceeds CDI scale maximum value leftor right.

You can also select the CDI scale maximum coursedeviation left or right. This distance can be shown in theunit of measure you choose using the “DISPLAY UNITS”setting described late in this section.

MagneticVariation

This option allows you to override automatic magneticvariation and manually enter a variation value. A manualsetting is normally not required for navigation anywherein the world except near the poles, where magneticvariation is the greatest.

If manual entry of magnetic variation is necessary, obtainthe correct value from a reliable chart or other source.Select “MANUAL” and enter the variation value east orwest.

To disable magnetic variation, select “TRUE.” All courseheadings will show referenced to true north.


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Note

The Apollo 360 automatically sets magnetic variationto 0 degrees when you fly above 70 degrees north orsouth latitude. It is not necessary to disable automaticmagnetic variation as you travel north or south to highlatitude regions.

Count-downTime

The Apollo 360 includes a countdown timer. Use thisoption to count elapsed time from as long as 60 minutes.

Enter a “TOTAL TIME” of up to 60 minutes (60:00). Youcan select a total time at:

1 second intervals from 1 to 10 seconds

5 second intervals from 10 to 60 seconds

10 second intervals from 1 minute to 10 minutes

30 second intervals from 10 minutes to 60 minutes

Select “START” and press the ENT key to begincountdown from the total time shown. As the countdownprogresses, the screen shows “COUNTING” during thetime you can stop the countdown, and continue it later.

Select “EXIT” to return to the main menu.


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Note

The countdown timer can run “in the background”while you navigate and will not interfere with unitoperation.

An alert message shows on the display when thecountdown time has expired.

DisplayUnits

This option controls the way navigation units of measureshow on the display. The units of measure you select showconsistently throughout all screens in all operatingfunctions.

You can select the following units of measure for eachnavigation parameter:

Distance - nm/kts; sm/mph; km/kph

Altitude- feet; meters

Lat/lon - d-m.mmm; d-m-s.s (where d=degrees,m=minutes, and s=seconds of latitude or longitude)

UTMS - Universal Transverse Mercator System


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SerialOutputs

The Apollo 360 is equipped with 2 serial data ports forcommunication with external serial devices. This optioncontrols the function of each port.

Using this option with appropriate electrical connections,you can:

Connect the Apollo 360 to your personal computer tomanage waypoints you create*

Send serial data to an external moving map display inthe cockpit**

Send serial data matching the NMEA formats to anyserial device in the cockpit capable of accepting it**

Disable the serial data port

*See your II Morrow dealer or contact the factory forinformation about the optional Apollo 360/PCInterface Kit. Consult kit documentation forinstructions on proper serial port settings.

**Your avionics dealer should install this equipmentand select proper serial port settings for you.


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UserWaypointManage-

ment

This option allows you to manage waypoints you havecreated (user waypoints). You can edit or delete waypointsas your area of travel or other requirements change.

You can edit created waypoints to change the waypointname or lat/lon coordinates. To edit a waypoint, turn theLARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to the desiredwaypoint. Turn the SMALL knob to select “EDIT.”

Move the highlight to the desired name character orcoordinate digit to make changes. When you finish makingchanges, press the ENT key to save changes in memory.

Note

It is important to manage user waypoints wisely. Withthe capacity to store up to 2,000 user waypoints inmemory, the Apollo 360 can hold an immense amountof information. When you edit, use intuitive identifiersfor waypoints you have created. This will help you findwaypoints more easily when you need to navigate tothem.


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You can also delete waypoints you no longer need. Withthe arrow cursor at the waypoint you wish to delete, movethe highlight at the bottom of the screen to “DEL” and pressthe ENT key. The waypoint is removed from memory.

Important

Waypoints deleted from memory cannot be recovered.

When you are finished, press the MENU key to return tothe main menu.

SystemInfo 1

This option shows your Apollo 360 serial number andhardware and software version information.

You will need this information and the information shownon the System Info 2 screen if you contact the factory aboutthe unit. Record the serial number on your owner’swarranty record and keep the card in a safe place with youravionic instrumentation records.

SystemInfo 2

This option contains more information about the softwareand database your Apollo 360 is equipped with. Alsoprovide this information in correspondence with thefactory about your unit.


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DefaultSettings

The Apollo 360 is shipped from the factory with menuoptions set as shown here. Note that where a range exitsfor a setting, the upper and lower boundaries are shownwith the default setting shown asbold.

These menu option settings are stored in memory andremain in effect until you change them.

Option Description Defualt Alert

OperationMode

Usage:Map Datum:

AviationWGS 1984

N/AN/A

Time andPlace

Lat/Long:Date:Loc:UTC Diff:

Enter seedposition,current time,and UTC diff.at power up(see Section 2)

N/A

ScreenControls

Route Disp:Backlight:Contrast:

1-LegHi0 - 50 - 100%

N/A

Map Setups Route Path:Airspaces:Orient Up:

OFFOFFNORTHTRKDTK

N/A

DeclutterMaps

ARPTS:VORS:NDBS:INTS:USERS:Idents OnMaps:

ONONOFFOFFOFF

YES

N/A

Track PointHistory

Track History:Strategy:Save By:Interval:Used:Clear?

ONFOREVERDIST - TIME.1 - .50 - 10nm0 - 100%NO

N/A


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Option Description Default Alert

Arrival Alerts Alert Message:Distance:

YES.1 - 1 - 9.9 nm

YES

AirspaceAlerts

Alert Message:Dist. Buffer:Time Buffer:

YES0 - 2 - 100 nm0 - 10 - 20min

YES

CDI Scale Alert Message:CDI Scale:

NO.1 - 1 - 9.9 nm

NO

MagneticVariation

Option:Setting:

AUTOMATIC(Computed)

N/A

CountdownTime

Total Time: (Userprogrammable1sec. to60min.)

Whentime

expires

Display Units Distance:Altitude:Lat/Lon:

NM/KTSFEETD-M.MMM

N/A

Serial Outputs 1:2:

NONEPC [R/T]

N/A

User WptMgmt

No defaultsettings

N/A N/A

System Info 1 No defaultsettings

N/A N/A

System Info 2 No defaultsettings

N/A N/A


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Section 6

The Waypoint Database

DatabaseStructure

The Apollo 360 provides an extensive built-in database ofwaypoint information to aid the navigator.

Waypoints in the database are divided into 5 categories bytype. This category structure allows you to more easilyselect a waypoint as a destination, search for waypointinformation, search for nearest waypoints, or displaywaypoints on moving map screens. The database filterswaypoints by these types whenever you use it, controlling,organizing, and speeding the delivery of information.

The waypoint types are:

Airports (ARPTs)

Non-directional beacons (NDBs)

Very high frequency omniranges (VORs)

Enroute intersections (INTs)

User created (USERs)

AvailableWaypointInformation

The following information is available for each waypointtype. Use the waypoint INFO function to get thisinformation as Section 2 describes in “WaypointInformation Function.”

ARPT Waypoint Information

Bearing and distance from present position

Airport type

Airport elevation

Fuel availability by type

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Waypoint Database

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Runway length(s) and surface type

Radio communication frequencies (an asterisk at thefrequency indicates part-time availability; “PCL” at thefrequency indicates pilot controlled lighting.)

Lat/lon coordinates

Navigation beacon light

IFR capability (an “R” at the frequency indicates thatRadar service is available on this frequency.)

Landing fee

VOR Waypoint Information


Operating frequency

Lat/lon coordinates

DME available

Class (high/low/terminal)

Weather broadcasts

The Waypoint Database Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

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NDB Waypoint Information


Operating frequency

Lat/lon coordinates

DME available

Class (high/low/terminal)

INT Waypoint Information

Country


Bearing from present position

Lat/lon coordinates

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Waypoint Database

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USER Waypoint Information


Distance from present position

Lat/lon coordinates

The Waypoint Database Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

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Appendix A

Glossary of Navigation Terms

A Altitude (GPS ALT): Altitude, as calculated by theApollo 360, based upon a mathematical model of theearth’s surface curvature. A substantial difference betweenthis altitude value and altitude referenced to sea level mayexist.

Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS):Recorded information about weather and other conditionsat an airport, periodically updated when conditions change.

Azimuth: Bearing, as measured clockwise from true ormagnetic north.

B Bearing (BRG): The direction to any point, usuallymeasured in degrees relative to true or magnetic north.

C Constellation: A group of stars or objects, such as GPSsatellites, in the heavens.

Coordinates: Values for latitude and longitude thatdescribe a geographical point on the surface of the earth.

Course: The planned direction of travel in a horizontalplane.

Course Deviation:A measurement of distance left or rightfrom the desired course of travel.

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI): A graphic indicatorof course deviation typically shown as a graduatedhorizontal bar with an icon indicating the deviationdistance left or right of course.

Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF)

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Glossary of Navigation Terms

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D Database:A collection of data structured in such a way asto allow quick and convenient access to any particularrecord or records. The Apollo 360 contains a built-indatabase of waypoints and waypoint information. Usersmay add waypoints to this database.

Degree:1/360th of a circle.

Desired Track (DTK): The desired course of navigationbetween a point of origin and a destination waypoint.

Distance:A measure of interval in space. Also referred toas range.

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)

Drift: Displacement from the intended course of travel.

E Elevation: The altitude above ground.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)

F Fix: A geographical location determined by either visualreference or by electronic navigation aids.

G Global Positioning System (GPS):Also known asNAVSTAR. A constellation of satellites launched by theU.S. Department of Defense into six orbit lanes (foursatellites per plane) at an altitude of 10,898 nm above theearth.

Ground (GRND): Ground communication frequency

Ground Speed (GS):Speed of travel across the ground.In aviation, the relation between ground speed and airspeed is affected by the prevailing winds.

Glossary of Navigation Terms Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

A-2 P/N 560-0123-01

I Icon: A symbol shown on the display depicting presentposition. The icon is shown as a symbol of an airplane onthe Apollo 360’s moving map screens.

Identifier: A name, typically abbreviated, assigned to awaypoint. The identifier may consist of numbers and alphacharacters, up to six in length. For example, the airportidentifier for Los Angeles International Airport is LAX.

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)

Intersection (INT): A point defined by any combinationof courses, radials, or bearings of two or more navigationalaids.

K Knot (kt): A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile perhour.

L Latitude (lat): Any line circling the earth parallel to theequator, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds northand south of the equator.

Longitude (lon): Any line from the north to the south pole,measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds of a circle, eastor west of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich, England).

M Magnetic North: The region, some distance from thegeographic north pole where the earth’s magnetic linesconcentrate. A magnetic compass points to the magneticnorth.

Magnetic Variation (Mag Var): The angle between themagnetic and true north. At various points on the earth itis different due to local magnetic disturbances. It is shownon charts as isogonic lines marked with degrees ofvariation, either east or west. These degrees must be addedto or subtracted from the true course to get the magneticcourse. (Easterly variations are deducted, and westerlyvariations are added.) The Apollo 360 automatically sets


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magnetic variation to 0 degrees at positions above 70degrees north or south latitude.

Map Datum: A mathematical model of the earth used forthe purpose of creating navigation charts and maps. TheApollo 360 contains the set of datums listed inAppendix B.

Meter (m): A metric distance measurement equal to 39.37inches.

Minute: 1/60th of a degree.

N Nautical Mile (nm): A distance measurement equal to6,076 feet, or 1.15 statute mile. One nautical mile is alsoequal to one minute of latitude.

Non-direct ional Beacon (NDB): A lowfrequency/medium frequency navigation aid sendingnon-directional signals that can be used for navigation.

P Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP): A merit value forthe calculated position based on the geometricalconfiguration of the satellites used; 3 is considered good,greater than 7 is considered poor.

R Radial: Any of the 360 magnetic courses from a VOR orsimilar navigational aid, beginning at the navigational aidand proceeding outward in a straight line.

Range (RNG):The distance from the present position toa destination waypoint.

S Second: 1/60th of a minute of a degree.

Seed Position:A latitude and longitude position fixapproximately equal to the current position that the Apollo360 uses to determine the location of available satellitesfrom which signals may be received.


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Selective Availability (SA): The degradation of accuracyof GPS position fix data by the United States Departmentof Defense for civilian use.

Statute Mile: A distance measurement equal to 5,280 feetor 0.87 of a nautical mile.

T Three-dimensional (3D) Position Fix: A position fixdefined by latitude, longitude, and altitude.

Track (TRK): The imaginary line that the flight path ofan airplane makes over the earth.

True North: Geographic north, at the earth’s north pole.

Tower (TWR): Airport tower communication frequency

U UNICOM: The radio frequencies assigned to aeronauticaladvisory stations for communication with aircraft.Unicoms may provide such airport information as activerunway, wind direction and velocity and other conditionsof importance to pilots.

Universal Coordinated Time (UTC): Greenwich MeanTime, or the time at the Prime Meridian in Greenwich,England. Also referred to as Zulu time.

UTC Differential: The difference in time between that atthe present position and UTC.

V Very High Frequency Omnirange (VOR): Anavigational aid that transmits signals such that a receivercan indicate its current radial or bearing from thetransmitter.

W Waypoint: A navigational fix used in area navigation anddefined by latitude and longitude coordinates.


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Notes


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Appendix B

Map Datums

This appendix shows a list of the GPS map datums usedwith the Apollo 360. Each map datum represents amathematical model of the earth used for the purpose ofestablishing precision in charting various areas of the earth.Since each datum relies on a different mathematical model,inconsistencies exist in defining the location of chartedpoints between datums. For this reason, it is important toverify that you have selected the correct map datum for thearea where you navigate and the chart you use.

Note

WGS-1984 is the default datum until you change it.

Datum Name Ellipsoid (Model)

ARC 1950 Clarke 1880

ARC 1960 Clarke 1880

Australian Geodetic 1966 Australian National

Australian Geodetic 1984 Australian National

Bogota Observatory International

Campo Inchauspe International

Cape Clarke 1880

Carthage Clarke 1880

Chatham 1971 International

Chua Astro International

Corrego-Allegre International

European 1950 West Europe International

European 1950 Cyprus International

European 1950 Egypt International

European 1950 Iran International

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums

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European 1950 Sicily International

European 1979 International

Gandajika Base International

Geodetic Datum 1949 International

Hjorsey 1955 International

Indian (Thailand/Vietnam) Everest

Indian (Bangladesh/India/Nepal) Everest

Ireland 1965 Airy Modified

Kertau 1948 Everest Modified

Liberia 1964 Clarke 1880

Luzon Clarke 1866

Massawa Bessel 1841

Merchich Clarke 1880

Minna Clarke 1880

Nahrwan Clarke 1880

North American 1927 Conus Clarke 1866

North American 1927 Alaska Clarke 1866

North American 1927 Canada Clarke 1866

North American 1927 Cntrl. Amer. Clarke 1866

North American 1963 GRS-80

Old Egyptian Helmert 1906

Old Hawaiian Clarke 1866

Oman Clarke 1880

Ordered Survey Great Britain 1936 Airy

Pitcairn Astro 1967 International

Quatar National International

Qurmoq International

Schwarzeck Bessel 1841

South America 1969 S. America 1969

Timbalai Everest

Tokyo Bessel 1841

Map Datums Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

B-2 P/N 560-0123-01


Zanderij International

WGS-1972 WGS-72

WGS-1984 WGS-84


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B-6 P/N 560-0123-01

Notes


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Appendix C

Tutorial

This appendix presents a tutorial on using the built-insimulator to practice “flying” the Apollo 360. Use thistutorial at your own pace to become familiar with using theunit.

During the tutorial, you will use many of the Apollo 360’sfeatures as you would during an actual trip. All operatingfunctions are available while you use the simulator. Eachwill work the same way when you actually navigate later.

With the aircraft parked, take some time to settle into thecockpit and follow the instructions in this appendix to takea trip. As you navigate with the simulator, feel free toexperiment with the features as much as you like. Theinstructions here should serve only as a general guide. Thegoal of this tutorial is to help you become comfortableusing the Apollo 360.

Important

Enter a seed position, and the current time and date asSection 2 describes before using the simulator.

When you finish using the simulator, switch the unit off.The next time you switch it on, simulator mode will beautomatically canceled and the unit will be set to aviationmode for actual navigation.

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial

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Startingthe

Simulator How to Do This

1. Turn the power knobto switch on theApollo 360.

2. Press the MENU keyto call the main menu.

3. Turn the LARGE knobclockwise one detentto se lect the“Operat ion Mode”option.

4. Press the ENT key toselect the option.

5. Turn the SMALL knobclockwise one detentto select Simulatormode.

6. Set your GroundSpeed.

7. A message warns youagainst navigatingwhile using the FlightSimulator. Press ENTto continue.

Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

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Preparingfor the

Trip

Before you navigate a trip, determine whether you will flydirect to a waypoint, or navigate a route of severalwaypoints. This tutorial presents instructions to set upeither kind of trip. It may be helpful to first navigate directto a destination before setting up a route to travel.

Originatingthe Trip

The Apollo 360’s simulator uses your present position asthe point of origin for the trip unless you have already usedthe unit to navigate a route. If this is the case, refer to thetutorial section entitled “Navigating a Route” later in thissection, or deactivate your route and continue. Theseexercises assume your present position is the point oforigin for the trip.

Assigninga Direct

Waypoint How to Do This

1. Press the GOTO key.

Note:

Prepare to choose a waypoint close toyour present position to keep the triplength under approximately 40 nm.

2. Turn the SMALL knobto select the firstcharacter of thedestination waypointname.


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3. Turn the LARGE knobto move the highlightto the next characterof your destinationwaypoint name.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3to select the lastcharacter of thedestination waypointname.

5. Press the ENT key toassign the waypointas the destination.


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Navigatingthe Trip

Turn the LARGE knob to scroll through the navigationscreens. Notice the GPS signal screen. No received signalsare shown while you use the simulator.

Notice the present position screen. Your track showsdirectly on course with no deviation from the bearing tothe destination. The lat/lon coordinates change to reflectyour present position to the nearest hundredth of a minute.

Note

GPS altitude is invalid while you use the simulator. NoGPS altitude value shows on the display.

Continue to turn the LARGE knob to check the othernavigation screens. The bearing/ETA/track screen showsyour the bearing and desired track to the destination. UTCtime is invalid while you use the simulator. For this reason,no ETA shows on the display.


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The bearing/range/ground speed screen shows yourselected ground speed and estimated time enroute on thetrip.

Check the moving map screens to view your navigationprogress.

LookingAround

Turn the SMALL knob to zoom in and out and seewaypoints around you. The map scale shows in the lowerleft corner of the display and indicates the representeddistance between the airplane symbol and the top of thedisplay. For example, if you are 20 nm from yourdestination and the map scale is set to 20 nm, you shouldbe able to see the destination on the display. If, at the samemap scale setting, your destination was 30 nm distant, youwould not be able to see it on the display unless youselected a larger map scale.

Change the map scale to “AUTO” to enable the auto zoomfeature. Auto zoom shows your destination on the screenand keeps it in view as you navigate your course. The mapscale changes automatically to a smaller scale as youapproach the destination.


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Hint

If the screen seems cluttered with waypoint names asyou use the larger map scales or auto zoom, use theDeclutter Maps menu option to “declutter” the mapand remove unnecessary names. Set “IDENTS ONMAPS?” to “NO.” Notice that the small symbolsrepresenting waypoint locations are not removed fromthe screen.


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GettingWaypointInformation

While you are enroute, you may want to get informationabout your destination waypoint. You can check for fuelavailability, runway lengths and surface, communicationfrequencies, and more. With the moving map screendisplayed, press the INFO key to get information about thedestination waypoint.

Turn the LARGE knob to view additional pages ofinformation.

Press the INFO key again to return to the moving mapscreen.

You can also get information about other waypoints on thescreen as you navigate, whether or not the waypoint namesare displayed. Select a map scale that presents at leastseveral waypoints around you, or use auto zoom. Press theENT key several times and watch the highlight move fromwaypoint to waypoint on the screen.


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Information about the highlighted waypoint is availablewhen you press the INFO key.

Hint

You can get information about any waypoint in theApollo 360’s built-in database. Follow steps 1 through4 in “Assigning a Waypoint” earlier. With the desiredwaypoint name showing on the display, press the INFOkey. Waypoint information shows on the screen, withoutthe waypoint being assigned as a destination. Press theINFO key again to cancel waypoint information andthen press the MENU and ENT keys to continuenavigating.

CheckingAlert

Settings

Looking ahead at the destination, the screen shows anairspace around it.


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The airspace shows because the Map Setup menu optionhas the “AIRSPACES” item set to “ON.”

You can also select an alert message to show on the displaywhen you approach the airspace.

For the purpose of this tutorial, check to make sure the alertmessage will show.

Select the Airspace Alerts option on the main menu.

The “ALERT MESSAGE” item should be set to “YES.”Set the distance buffer to the desired distance from theairspace where you wish to be alerted. Similarly, set theTime Buffer item to the desired travel time (at your presentspeed) from the airspace where you wish to be alerted.Press the ENT key to return to the main menu.


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The Apollo 360 can also alert you with a message on thedisplay as you approach your destination. This featureshould also be enabled for the purpose of this tutorial.

Select the Arrival Alerts option from the main menu.Verify that the “ALERT MESSAGE” item is set to “YES.”Set the distance from the destination where you wish to bealerted.

Approach-

ing theDestination

With the destination approaching, the airspace alertmessage shows on the display at the time or distance fromthe airspace (whichever occurs first) selected earlier. Pressthe ENT key to acknowledge the alert.

As you approach the destination, the arrival alert messagealso shows on the display at the distance from thedestination you selected. Press the ENT key toacknowledge the alert.


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Scroll through the navigation screens to check yourprogress and decreasing range to the destination. Whenyou are within several miles of the destination, adjust yourground speed to slow your rate of travel to approximately30 knots. See “Setting the Ground Speed” earlier in thistutorial. Use the moving map screen to view your arrivalat the destination. Set the map scale to auto zoom. At thisslower rate of travel, you can clearly see the approachingdestination. As you approach, you can see the runwayconfiguration.

Note

The simulator will not “land,” but shows a “fly-by”and continues travel at the current heading and groundspeed until you enter another destination. When you dothis, the heading changes and the unit navigates to thenew destination. You can stop travel at any time byadjusting ground speed to 0.


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SettingUp a

Route

The Apollo 360 can store up to 20 routes or multiple legtrips of up to 30 waypoints each. After you create a route,you can edit it to add or change waypoints anytime. Youcan also delete waypoints from existing routes. You cannavigate any route you choose, but only one route can beactive at any time.

How to Do This

1. Select the route screenfrom the navigationscreens by turning theLARGE knob. Fromthe route screen,select “EDIT” andpress the ENT key.

2. The arrow cursorpoints to the first line inthe route and “INS” ishighlighted. Press theENT key to begininserting waypoints.

3. Turn the SMALL knobto select the firstcharacter of thewaypoint to insert.

4. Turn the LARGE knobto move the highlightand the SMALL knobto select the nextcharacter of thename.

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4to select the lastcharacter of thewaypoint name.


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Hint

With the highlight on the first character ofthe waypoint name, turn the LARGE knobone detent to the left to search thedatabase of waypoints one by one ifnecessary to find the waypoint you desire.You will need to do this if more than onewaypoint share a common name. Thevertical arrow symbol appears to the leftof the waypoint name. Turn the SMALLknob to search waypoints one by one.

6. Press the ENT key toinsert the waypoint inthe route. The arrowcursor moves down tothe second line in theroute , ready forinsertion of the nextwaypoint.

7. Repeat steps 2 through6 to enter a secondand third waypoint inthe route. For thepurpose of this tutorial,we will only insert 3waypoints in the route,and since we have the1-Leg route screenselected, only 2 willshow on screen at atime.


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8. When you f in ishinserting waypoints inthe route, se lect“DONE” and pressthe ENT key. Theroute is ready tonavigate once it isstarted. You can alsocreate more routesusing these steps.


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Startinga Route

With the route you just created showing on the screen,select “START” and press the ENT key.

The arrow marker points to line 2, indicating the “To”waypoint. Waypoint 7S9 on line 1 is the point of origin.

You can navigate any route you choose, but only one routecan be “started” or active at any time. You can navigate theroute in either direction, depending on your presentposition. For example, if your present position is at the lastwaypoint in the route, you could use this last waypoint asthe point of origin by selecting “REVERSE.” This tutorialuses the forward direction, navigating the route the way itwas created.

With “NORMAL” selected, press the ENT key. The routescreen shows on the display with the message “ROUTE01 IS ON” at the top of the screen. The bearing and rangeto the waypoint are below the waypoint designators.


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Navigatinga Route

With the route started, set the ground speed to a realisticrate of travel. Use the instructions presented earlier in thistutorial. Route navigation is underway. During routenavigation, the arrow marker on the route screen alwayspoints to the current “To” waypoint. Scroll through thenavigation screens to check your progress on the route.

As you approach the first destination waypoint, the arrivalalert screen shows on the display to indicate your proximityto the waypoint. When you arrive at the first waypoint, thesimulator changes course automatically to begin thesecond leg of the trip. The arrow marker on the route screenpoints to the new “To” waypoint.

Continue navigating the route.

Route“Direct To”

While navigating a route, you may find it necessary to alteryour trip and proceed “Direct To” a waypoint elsewhere inthe list. You can navigate directly to any waypoint in theroute, either those behind or those ahead of you.

From the route screen choose the active route underway.Select “EDIT” and press the ENT key to assign a “DirectTo” waypoint from the list. Turn the LARGE knob to movethe arrow cursor to the waypoint you want. Press theGOTO and the ENT keys to assign the waypoint as the“Direct To” destination. The route screen shows theassigned waypoint “Direct To” status. You can assign anywaypoint in the route a “Direct To” status at any time.


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Navigation continues to the “Direct To” waypoint asdescribed in “Navigating the Trip” earlier in this tutorial.

Holdingor

Stoppinga Route

While navigating a route, you may want to deviate fromthe route with the intention of later resuming the route. Youcan place a route on “hold” and it will not sequence to thenext leg until you resume it, regardless of where you fly.

How to Do This

1. With the route activeor “ON,” select“STOP” and pressthe ENT key.

2. Select “HOLD” andpress the ENT key.The route screenshows the route is“HOLDING.”

3. Select “RESUME” toresume navigatingthe route.


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You can fly to other waypoints on the same route and laterresume the route continuing from the waypoint you leftearlier.

You may wish to abandon the route entirely and fly to awaypoint not on the route list. You can do this quickly asdescribed in “Assigning a Destination Waypoint” earlier.When you assign a new destination waypoint not on thecurrent route, the route is automatically stopped, orswitched “OFF.” Stop a route if you do not plan to resumetravel on that route.

How to Do This

1. Stop the route byselect ing “STOP”f rom the routescreen.

2. Press the ENT key tostop the route.

3. The route screenshows “OFF” statusfor the stopped route.

Editing aRoute

You can edit any route you have created to insert, change,or delete waypoints in the route. Changes remain in effectuntil you edit the route again.


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Insertinga

Waypoint How to Do This

1. Choose the route youwant to insertwaypoints. You canchoose any route,including an activeroute.

2. Select “EDIT” andpress the ENT key.

3. Use the LARGE knobto move the arrowcursor to thewaypoin t beforewhich the newwaypoint is to beinserted.

4. Select “INS” andpress ENT to insert awaypoint.

5. Use the LARGE andSMALL knobs toselect the waypointname to insert. Whenthe desired nameshows on the line,press the ENT key.

6. Select “DONE” andpress the ENT key.


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Changinga

Waypoint

To change a waypoint in a route, begin by editing the routeas you did to insert a waypoint.

How to Do This

1 Choose the route tochange. You canchoose any route andchange any or allwaypoints in theroute.


3. Use the LARGE knobto move the arrowcursor to the waypointto change.

4. Select “CHG” andpress ENT to changethe waypoint.

5. Use the LARGE andSMALL knobs tose lect the newwaypoin t name.When the desiredname shows on theline, press the ENTkey to enter thechange.



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Deletinga

Waypoint

How to Do This

1. Choose the route fromwhich you want todelete a waypoint.You can delete any orall waypoints in theroute.


3. Use the LARGE knobto move the arrowcursor to thewaypoint to delete.

4. Select “DEL” to deletethe waypoint andpress the ENT key.



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TrackPoint

History

The Apollo 360 can store a record of your trip navigationprogress in memory. The record consists of a series of trackpoints, each containing your position at the time the pointwas stored. You can store up to 2,000 track points. Trackpoint storage can be activated or deactivated any time younavigate.

How to Do This

1. Select the Track PointHistory option fromthe main menu. Thetrack point historyscreen shows on thedisplay.

2. Turn the SMALL knobto activate the TrackPoint History feature.

3 . Select a storagestrategy.

Select either “FOREVER” or “UNTILFULL.” The “FOREVER” setting recordstrack points indefinitely, recording overexisting track points when memorybecomes full. The “UNTIL FULL” settingstops recording points when memory fillsto capacity.


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4. Select a storagemethod. Chooseeither “DISTANCE”or “TIME.”

The “DISTANCE” setting records pointsat the distance interval you select.Similarly, the “TIME” setting recordspoints at the interval of time you select.

5. Select a storageinterval for themethod you selected.

Note

After you begin recording track points andgo about navigating, you can always referto the Track Point History screen to checkhow much memory space has been used.Check the “USED” item on the screen tosee the percentage of track point storagememory currently used.

You can move the highlight to the“CLEAR?” item to empty the track pointhistory memory anytime. Select “YES”and press the ENT key to delete all trackpoints. Deleted track points are notrecoverable.


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6. With the track pointhistory screen itemsproperly set, pressthe ENT key to beginrecording.

Hint

Select the “DISTANCE” storage methodif you prefer to leave track point recording“ON” most of the time. Using this storagemethod, the unit will not record trackpoints unless your position changes by thedistance you specify.

The “TIME” storage method recordstrack points at the selected time interval,regardless of your present position. Atbusy airports, this could result in manytrack points being recorded at the same ornearly the same position as you wait toproceed in ground traffic.

Check the moving map screen as younavigate the route. With track points beingrecorded, small dots appear behind theairplane symbol as you travel. Each dotrepresents a stored track point.


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Navigatingto a

NearestWaypoint

The Apollo 360 can help you select and navigate towaypoints near your present position. This feature couldbe valuable if you had to land the aircraft quickly. For thepurpose of this tutorial, imagine that the weatherconditions were becoming worse and you wish to landimmediately.

How to Do This

1. Press theGOTO/NRST keytwice to display up to30 closest waypointsaround you.

2. Turn the LARGE knobclockwise to movedown the list to selecta waypoint.

3. Press the ENT key tochose the waypointas the destination.

Note:

The route you are navigat ing isautomatically inactivated. The routescreen shows route “OFF” status.


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Conclusion This tutorial has explored many of the Apollo 360’sfeatures. If you feel comfortable using the unit, switch itoff and then back on to cancel the simulator. The unit isready for actual navigation. If you need more time tobecome comfortable operating the Apollo 360, repeat thistutorial. Navigate to different destinations, add new routes,and take your time exploring the way the unit works. Theway you move the highlight around the screen and selectoption items is consistent throughout all items on the mainmenu.

Remember:

The LARGE knob moves the highlight

The SMALL knob changes highlighted settings

While you navigate, remember:

The LARGE knob changes navigation screens

The SMALL knob moves the highlight on the GPSsignal screen and route screen, and changes the mapscale on moving map screens


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Notes:


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Appendix D

Troubleshooting

This appendix contains information to troubleshoot theApollo 360 when improper operation is observed. Thetable below lists possible problems you could encounterwhile operating the unit. Examine the possible causes ofthe problem and take the action listed to correct the trouble.If you cannot correct the problem, contact your dealer. Ifyour dealer is unavailable, contact the II Morrow factoryat the address and phone number listed at the back of thisappendix.

Problem Possible Cause(s) Action

Unit doesnot poweron

Open in powersupply circuit

Check circuit breaker -reset if necessary

Faulty electricalwiring orconnection

Contact your dealer toperform electricalsystem test

No GPSsignalreception

Obstructedsignal path

Move aircraft out ofhangar or away frombuildings to provide theantenna an unobstructedview of the sky

Incorrect seedposition, time, orUTC differentialentered

Check these settingsand make corrections ifnecessary - refer toSection 2

Unit in simulatormode

Select “Aviation”mode - refer toSection 5, “OperationMode”

Faulty antenna,wiring, orconnection

Contact your dealer tocheck antenna andwiring

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Troubleshooting

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Display toodark or toolight -charactershard to see

Change inviewing angle orambient lightconditions incockpit

Adjust displaybacklight (usebacklight key) oradjust display contrastas Section 5 describesin “Screen Controls”option

Search fornearestwaypointsreveals toofew orwrong typesof waypoints

Incorrectselection ofwaypoint typesto show aftersearch

Check “DeclutterMaps” option asSection 5 describes toverify that desiredwaypoint types tosearch are “On”

Wrongtypes ofwaypointsshow onmovingmap screens

Incorrectselection ofwaypoint typesto show onmoving mapscreens

See action above - thewaypoint types you setto “No” do not showon moving mapscreens OR afternearest waypointsearches

Position fixseemsinaccurate

Incorrect mapdatum selected

Check “OperationMode” option asSection 5 describes toverify selection ofcorrect map datum

Displayswrongbearing andtrack values

Incorrectmagneticvariation valueentered manually

Check “MagneticVar” option asSection 5 describes -select “Automatic” orverify correct valuefor manual entry

Troubleshooting Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

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Contactingthe

Factory

If efforts to resolve the problem fail, contact your dealer orthe factory weekdays from 8:00 A.M. until 5:00 P.M.Pacific time for technical assistance. The II Morrowtechnical service staff will gladly assist you.

II Morrow Inc.Technical Service Department2345 Turner Road S.E.Salem, OR 97301 U.S.A.



Airspaceboundariesmissingfrommovingmap screens

Airspace displayon moving mapscreens set to“Off”

Check “Map Setup”option as Section 5describes and verifythat “Airspaces” itemis set to “Yes”

Linerepresentingroute pathon movingmap screensis missing

Route pathdisplay onmoving mapscreens set to“Off”

Check “Map Setup”option as Section 5describes and verifythat “Route Path”item is set to “Yes”

Waypointidentifiersmissing onmovingmap screens

Waypointidentifiers set notto show onmoving mapscreens

Check “DeclutterMaps” option asSection 5 describesand verify that“Idents On Maps”item is set to “Yes”

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Troubleshooting

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Notes

Troubleshooting Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

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Appendix E

Features

The Apollo 360 is a powerful and versatile navigationinstrument designed with the latest technology to offer youunprecedented ease in navigating your aircraft. The unitincludes:

A graphic LCD display with adjustable contrast andbacklight

Display contrast automatically compensates to maintainoptimum contrast during shifts in ambient temperature

A 6-channel GPS receiver to ensure accurate positionfix under wider range of conditions in the satelliteconstellation

A moving map display to graphically show yournavigation progress

Avionics outputs for interface with external CDI,annunciators, or moving map displays

An extensive built-in database of airports, VORs,NDBs, and Intersections

Memory capacity to store up to 2,000 user createdwaypoints

Storage capability for up to 30 flight plans, eachconsisting of up to 20 legs

Low power consumption circuitry

A lightweight chassis to minimize instrument weight

An internal fuse to protect against damage to electroniccomponents (not user replaceable)

A memory backup battery to protect against loss of userentered data (typical battery life is 4 to 6 years)

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Features

P/N 560-0123-01 E-1

A built-in low battery alert to advise you when memorybackup battery requires replacement (not userreplaceable)

Personal computer interface capability (using optionalkit) to help you manage the internal waypoint database

Features Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

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Limited Warranty

1. Scope of Limited Warranty

II Morrow warrants to the original consumerpurchaser only that II Morrow products will befree of defects in materials and workmanship,under normal use, for the periods describedbelow. The warranty begins on the original retaildelivery date, or on the date of first use,whichever occurs earlier. Avionics equipment iscovered for 26 months (12 monthsreconditioned) after delivery or first use,whichever is earlier. Antennas and antennapreamplifiers are covered for a period of 12months after delivery or first use, whichever isearlier. This warranty shall be effective only ifand when (a) II Morrow receives a completedwarranty registration card with respect to thespecific product unit found to be defective,(b) the unit was installed by personnel certifiedby the FAA to install avionic equipment and acopy of FAA Form 337 documenting theinstallation is provided to II Morrow (excepthomebuilts), (c) II Morrow receives notice ofsuch defect during the period of the warranty,and (d) the consumer purchases the unit in theUnited States or Canada. II Morrow’s sole andexclusive liability, and purchaser’s sole andexclusive remedy under this Limited Warrantyshall be, at II Morrow’s option, either (a) therepair or replacement of the defective product or(b) the return of the price paid for such product.This Limited Warranty shall apply to a repairedor replacement product only for the remaining,unexpired portion of the warranty periodapplicable to the original product. In no eventshall II Morrow’s liability exceed the purchaseprice of the defective product. This LimitedWarranty gives you specific legal rights. Youmay have other rights which vary from state tostate.

2. No Other Warranties

TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BYAPPLICABLE LAW, AND EXCEPT ONLYAS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1 ABOVE,THE PRODUCTS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS”AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANYKIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THEIMPLIED WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

3. Exclusion of Liability for Damages

IN NO EVENT SHALL II MORROW, ANYDISTRIBUTOR, OR THE SELLING DEALER

BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL,PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES(INCLUDING LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OFTIME, OR INCONVENIENCE) WHETHERBASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, STRICTLIABILITY, OR ANY OTHER LEGALTHEORY, EVEN IF II MORROW, SUCHDISTRIBUTOR, OR THE SELLING DEALERWAS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OFSUCH DAMAGES. Some states do not allowlimitations of incidental or consequentialdamages, so the above limitation may not applyto you.

4. Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty is void if any defect toperform results from (a) improper or inadequatemaintenance, (b) unauthorized modification ofany product, (c) operation of the products outsideof theirenvironmentalspecifications, (d) improperinstallation, (e) neglect, misuse, or abuse of theproducts, (f) integration with other products notcovered by a II Morrow warranty, or (g) exposureto corrosive environments. Thiswarrantyshall notapply to any products not manufactured byII Morrow. No one is authorized to change or addto this Limited Warranty. II Morrow makes nowarranty with respect to any installation ifII Morrow products, whether such installation isperformed by IIMorrow,any authorizeddealer, orany other person.

5. Technical Assistance

The Limited Warranty set forth above shall notbe enlarged, diminished, or affected by, and noobligation or liabil i ty shall arise fromII Morrow, any authorized dealer, or any personrendering technical advice, assistance, or servicein connection with the selection, purchase, or useof any II Morrow products.

6. Place of Repair or Replacement

In order to obtain the benefits of this LimitedWarranty, the defective II Morrow products,along with a copy of your receipt, must bereturned within the applicable warranty periodand with the transportation charges prepaid, toII Morrow at its plant at 2345 Turner Road, S.E.,Salem, Oregon 97302 or to any authorizedII Morrow dealer. Products repaired or replacedby II Morrow under this Limited Warranty willbe returned by surface transportation atII Morrow’s expense.

Revised September 28, 1994


P/N 560-0123-00

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