8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

1/11C ECRD Publications

PM2.5 Identified as main concern

in Urban Areas Health Impact of Fine Particles: Severalstudies have shown that with an increase of25g/m3 of PM2.5 in ambient air risk of deathincreases by 2 to 6%.

Data published in the last few years indicatesthat crustal particles are not correlated to dailymortality.

Susceptible Populations: Specific riskgroups are more susceptible than normalhealthy adults to adverse effects from PMexposure.

Aged with respiratory or cardiovasculardisease.

Children & Asthmatics.

Environmental Effects:

Vegetation & ecosystems

Visibility Role of PM in radiative transfer of energy &

potential consequences on climate change.

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

2/11C ECRD Publications

Particulate Deposition in the

Human Respiratory Tract

Source: PARIVESH issue of September 2001 printedby the CPCB.

Inhalable Particles enterthe nasal and head airways.

Thoracic particles travel

past the larynx & reachthe gas exchange

region of the lungs.

Indian Cities are already showing PM2.5 levelsmuch higher than the WHO Standard.

PM2.5 Standard notified by Govt. of India inOctober 2009.

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

3/11C ECRD Publications

Definitions of PM10 & PM2.5 Inhalable particles

enter the respiratorytract.

Thoracic particlestravel past the larynx

& reach the gasexchange region ofthe lungs.

PM10Particle sizedistribution closelyresembles thethoracic distributionwith a D50 at 10m.

PM2.5 sizedistribution with D50at 2.5m AD

Aerodynamic Diameter is defined as the diameter of aspherical particle with a settling velocity equal to that of theparticle in question, but with a density of 1g/cm3.

It is important to note that particle sizes referred above

are NOT physical particle sizes butAerodynamicDiameters.

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

4/11C ECRD Publications

Envirotech takes the lead in

developing an IndigenousPM2.5 Sampler Envirotech Introduced the APM550 Fine

Particle Sampler in 1999-2000. Early usersinclude:

Research & Academic Institutes like: Jadavpur University & Bose Institute

NEERI

IITs Kanpur, Mumbai, Roorkee

ITRC

Pollution Control Boards: West Bengal

Maharashtra

Uttar Pradesh

Orissa

With more than 100 instruments in the fieldalmost ALL the PM2.5 data from India isbased on the Envirotech APM 550 Sampler.

The APM 550MFC is an upgraded model ofthe field proven APM 550.

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

5/11C ECRD Publications

Fine Particulate Sampler

Envirotech APM 550 Critical Orifice

maintains flow rateconstant at 16.7LPM

In-built DRY GASMETER reports total airvolume sampled.

No electrical / heatdissipation in cabinethousing the Filter

Holder ensures volatilefractions of PM2.5Sample are not lost.

Impactors based ondesigns by US EPA.

Same Instrument canbe used for PM10 andPM2.5 Sampling.

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

6/11C ECRD Publications

Fine Particulate Sampler

Envirotech APM 550MFC Mass Flow Sensor

based automatic flowcontrol.

Inbuilt AmbientPressure & Temp.Sensor for reportingcorrect VolumetricFlow rate.

Data Logger records

Flow Rate, AmbientTemp. & Filter Temp.

Impactors based ondesigns by US EPA.

Same Instrument can

be used for PM10and PM2.5 Sampling.

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

7/11C ECRD Publications

Fine Particulate SamplerEnvirotech APM 550MFC

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

8/11C ECRD Publications

PM2.5 Sampler

Why Mass Flow Measurement

Calibration of FLOW SENSOR not

dependent on Pressure andTemperature.

This implies that air volumemeasurement becomes morereliable.

Air Volume still to be reportedin VOLUMETRIC Units

This implies that measured airvolume has to be corrected basedon prevailing ambient air

temperature and pressure.

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

9/11C ECRD Publications

Monitoring Fine Particulates

in Ambient Air Precautions

Minimize exposure of the filters toopen air. Keep them covered in the

filter carriers provided. The membrane is fragile take care

to handle the filter only on its edgeusing blunt tweezers.

Weigh the filters on a micro-balancewith a resolution of at least 0.01mg.

Re-weigh the filters a few times toconfirm repeatability of the weight.Reject the readings if they vary by

more than 0.1mg. EPA recommends that a Blank

Filter be processed to keep track ofdrifts and artifacts.

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

10/11C ECRD Publications

Choice of PM10 Sampler

RDS

Flow Rate at 1m3/min implies:

Large Volume of Air Sampledprovides good quantity of dustsample.

Reliable weighment feasible onbalance with resolution of 0.1mg.

Enough dust sample for analysis of

constituents such as Lead, Arsenic,Nickel..

Measurement of trace toxicpollutants such as PAH feasible.

8/2/2019 APM550 MFC

11/11

Comparison of Data

Date Type ofInstruments

Airvolume(m3)

PM 2.5 PM 10

16/04/09-

17/04/09

550 MFC-1

550 MFC-2

Ref. 550

460 NL(Ref.)

14.35947

12.01536

12.5024

785.376

72

69

67

337

21/04/09-

22/04/09

550 MFC-1

550 MFC-2Ref. 550

15.53207

15.7107016.3036

71

7474

22/04/09-

23/04/09

550 MFC-1

550 MFC-2

Ref.550

16.15173

16.12279

16.4754

368

373

365

04/02/2010-

05/02/2010

550 MFC-3

550 MFC-4

APM 550 Ref

17.5601

17.5730

16.9880

276

270

267

29/01/2010 MFC-6

MFC-7

MFC-8

APM550 Ref.

APM550

(PM10)

20.05119

20.0722

19.96810

20.1194

20.1964

121

121

110

115

226

10/02/2010-

11/02/2010

550 MFC Ref.

APM550-1

APM550-2

460 NL

15.9672

15.236

893.016

151

139

280

233

05/02/2010-

06/02/2010

APM 550 Ref.

APM 550-1APM550-2

14.3420

14.416414.7046

487

811798

15/01/2010-

16/01/2010

APM 550

Ref. 460 NL

14.7056

1022.175

286

354