aplicaciones de la dinámica de fluidos computacional marcelo h

Aplicaciones de la DinAplicaciones de la Dináámica de mica de Fluidos ComputacionalFluidos Computacional

Marcelo H Marcelo H GarciaGarciaAlatna River, Alaska

Segundo Seminario de PotamologSegundo Seminario de Potamologíía a ““JosJoséé Antonio Maza Antonio Maza ÁÁlvarezlvarez””

RestauraciRestauracióón de rn de rííos para la sustentabilidad os para la sustentabilidad ambientalambiental

Villahermosa, Tabasco, 26 a 28 de Agosto de 2009Villahermosa, Tabasco, 26 a 28 de Agosto de 2009

The Amazon River

Bermejo River, ArgentinaIntroduction Background RVR Meander/Bermejo river Applications/BBW General Conclusions

To Amazon river

UCAYALI RIVER

Flow

~ 10 Km

~ 25 Km~ 3.5 Km

Introduction Background RVR Meander/Bermejo river Applications/BBW General Conclusions

Key features – subaerial meandering channel

1. Water super-elevation

2. Natural Secondary flow or helical flowa. Response of flow to local curvatureb. Fully developed secondary flow

3. Steady bed morphology (depositional near inner-bank and erosional near outer-bank)

Water

Air


cc RH

gHU

RHFrSt

22==

Response to local curvature and development of the natural secondary flow

~S2

~S4

~S6

~λd

0≈∂∂s

sn

Inner bank Outer bank

B

Inner bankOu

ter

ban

k

E ASTE AST

WESTWEST

VV11

VV44

VV33

VV22

F lo w m e te rF lo w m e te r

P umpP umpCS0

0CS0

0CS1

0CS1

0

C S 15

C S 15

CS20

CS20 CS3

0CS3

0

sk e we d

sk e we d

°=1100θ

mc 10~λ

2B=0.60mHc=0.40m


HTR

IP

CCG

Abad and Garcia (2009a)

Near Amazon river, Brazil(1)

In nature: Transitional secondary flows


Randal Dinehart

Real bed morphology (bedforms)


Parsons et al. (2005)



A

AA-A

δ

gas (φ<0.5)

liquid (φ>0.5)

5.0=φ (free surface)

real boundarynumerical boundary

� Finite element method (FEM), k- ε turbulence model, Unstructured mesh, Parallelizatio n with MPI, mesh partitioning with ParMETIS, parallel matrix solver with PETSc, LSM

Shedding bedforms

Abad and Garcia (2009b)Abad et al. (2009)


Using tetrahedral elements (only showing the triang les at the bed)

Hypothesis 1 Hypothesis 2 Hypothesis 3 Interpretation/Conclusions Future Research

Upstream conditionT = 1hr

RVR Meander:RVR Meander:

A A linearizedlinearized model for model for meandering migration for largemeandering migration for large --spatial scalesspatial scales

Abad and Garcia (2006)Abad and Garcia (2006)


RVR Meander was developed using Visual C++, ArcObjects library

•Non-cohesive sediment• Quasi-steady condition

• Channel width is constant• Vertical banks• Bank erosion E (excess velocity)

RVR Meanderstand-alone

RVR Meanderfor GIS

(1) Pre-processing(2) Characterization of meandering rivers, (3) Planform migration

RVRMeander.exe

ArcGIS91RVRMeander.dll

RVR Meander (http://vtchl.uiuc.edu/our-work/software/rvrmeander/ )


Enhancement of Enhancement of Conceptual modelConceptual model

Statistical analysis

Start

Input centerlines

Selection

End

River migration

Results

Statistical analysis module: requires 3 centerlines (t1, t2, valley)

River migration module: requires only one centerline (t1)

Input data : Initial curvature and perturbation velocity, α, Q, B, ds, #years, # iterations, EoInput data : Lag

time between t1 and t2, λmeander

Statistical analysis module : GUI showing parameters (Avg. shift, Sinuosity, Curvature, among other)

River migration module : GUI showing values of planform migration and drawing a new object ( Windows-based: polyline entity, GIS-based: shape file). Results can also be exported as ASCII file

Pre-processing

Characterization of rivers Planform evolution

RVR Meander flow chart


∑=

=

−=

4

1

1,)(

j

j

jji ssx α

∑==

−=

4

1

1,)(

j

j

jji ssy β

Guneralp & Rhoads (2006), Fagherazzi et al. (2004)

Parametric Cubic Splines

RVR Meander pre-processing tool (cubic splines and filtering)


RVR Meander migration model


RVR Meander : Bermejo River RVR Meander : Bermejo River ApplicationApplication


2005

Bermejo River


1972

2000 2005

1989Puente Lavalle Puente Lavalle

Puente Lavalle Puente Lavalle

Bermejo River


Puente Lavalle

Bermejo River: Upstream effect


Puente Lavalle

Bermejo River: Downstream effect


Possible cutoff

Bridge Lavalle

Bermejo River


___ 2005 January

___ 2005 August

Bridge Lavalle

Q = 1500 m3/s

_ _ Valley

Valley 1.1120372005 Jan 1.4770252005 Aug 1.555021Average-stream 1.516023Average-change 0.155993

Sinuosity

Averaged-Valley 0.001473Averaged-2005Jan 0.000611Averaged-2005Aug 0.000626Averaged-changed Valley

0.000619

Curvature

Averaged Absolute Normal 128.9875Averaged Absolute Transversal 79.91783Averaged Absolute Longitudinal 84.7112Shift ratio (tras/long) 0.943415Averaged Transversal -79.9178Averaged Longitudinal 30.80746Area reworked 195.5481

Shift

Bermejo River


If Lup < Lds� Upstream skewedIf Lup > Lds� Downstream skewed

Bermejo River: Migration between Jan 2005 to Aug 2005


1) External boundary condition imposed by Lavalle bridge (Abad et al., 2006, Congreso Latinoamericano de Hidraúlica, Venezuela)

The case of freely meandering rivers

The case of the Bermejo River



The case of self-formed meandering rivers (Christian A. Braudrick and Bill Dietrich)



Experiments of self-formed meandering channels (Christian A. Braudrick and Bill Dietrich)T = 4 minutes, Q = 0.5 L/s T = 94 minutes, Q = 1.5 L/s T = 3.5 hours, Q = 0.76 L/s

T 10.8 hours, Q = 0.76 L/s T = 12.6 hours, Q = 1.5 L/s T = 13.5 hours, Q = 0.76 L/s

dλ dλdλ

dλ dλ dλ


CFD application to bank CFD application to bank erosion control erosion control –– a reacha reach --scale problemscale problem


Sustainable Erosion ControlInstalling Willow Hurdles to Prevent Riverbank Erosion

- SW Londonhttp://www.slimwetwillows.co.uk/erosion.htm

Gabions

THE WES STREAM INVESTIGATION AND STREAMBANK STABILIZATION HANDBOOK

Surface armor


Riverbank erosion control: direct methods

(a) Palisades (b) Impermeable dikes

http://www.seamentshorelinesystem.com/groins.html

THE WES STREAM INVESTIGATION AND STREAMBANK STABILIZATION HANDBOOK, 1997

(c) Board Fence Retard

(d) Jack field (retard) (e) Bendway Weirs on Harland CreekSUBMERGED VANES

Riverbank erosion control: indirect methods


Brookside farm (Sugar creek)Brookside farm (Sugar creek)


Field measurements: Brookside farm (Sugar creek)

S1

S3S6 S4S7

S2

S8

S5


Low-, medium- and high-flow conditions: Velocity mag nitude

Weir4Weir4Weir3Weir3Weir2Weir2Weir1Weir1

Weir5Weir5

Block 3

Weir4Weir4Weir3Weir3




Near-bed U*: (a) Low-,(b) medium-,(c) high-flows


Helical flow in a bend


Secondary flow at Low-, medium- and high-flows

[4][4]

[4][4]

[4][4]

INNER BANKINNER BANKOUTER BANKOUTER BANKWeir4Weir4

Weir3Weir3


Low flow: Weir 3 Stagnation line

Stagnation line

Stagnation line

WEIR 3Weir4Weir4

Weir3Weir3

Weir4Weir4

Weir3Weir3



Validation Section 4 – Low-flow condition

][ ][][][iMEAj

iMODj

iCOMj VVV −=

MEASURED MODELED DIFFERENCE

S1

S3S6 S4S7

S2S8

S5

BBW1

BBW2

BBW3BBW4

BBW5

(using k-e model)


Shear layer and free surface


Near bed shear velocity (m/s)α = 90° (LES modeling)

α = 40° (LES modeling)


Three-dimensional Hydrodynamics and Water Quality Modeling of the Chicago River, IL

Xiaofeng Liu, Sumit Sinha, Nahil Sobh, Marcelo H. Garcia

Chicago River

Simulation Results for DO at 36th Street

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

12/24/2007 1/3/2008 1/13/2008 1/23/2008 2/2/2008 2/12/2008 2/22/2008 3/3/2008 3/13/2008

Date

DO

(m

g/l)

36th Street Avg

36th Street Layer 1

36th Street Layer 2

36th Street Layer 3

36th Street Layer 4

Measurement

DO Depletions

CSO Events

Objectives Bubby Creek The models CSO event “Purification” Conclusions

Bubbly Creek, Chicago

Regimes� dry periods: no flow� heavy storms: Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)


CSO event -“Phase 1”

Model: 2-D depth-averaged STREMR-HySedWq

Flowdirection

Phase 1


CSO event - “Phase 1” – Hydrodynamics

After 7.66 hours After 7.66 hoursObjectives Bubby Creek The models CSO event “Purification” Conclusions

“Phase 1” – Transport of sediments and water quality


“Purification” scenariosSCENARIO 1: flow recirculation of 50 MGD (2.19 m3/s), northward flow in the creek Summer or after CSO event scenario; abstraction of daily fluctuation due to photosynthesis and respiration.� BOD: oxidation and settling � BOD concentration decreases; � DO: oxidation and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) from the bed � DO concentration decreases; reaeration from the atmosphere � DO concentration increases.


“Purification” scenarios (contd.)SCENARIO 2: flow recirculation (northward flow in the creek) plus supplemental aeration (1.31 g/s) in one location in the creekSCENARIO 3: flow recirculation (northward flow in the creek) plus supplemental aeration (1.31 g/s) in the recirculation pipe

Jackson et al.Science of the Total Environment

Evidence of Density Current at Confluence by Field Measurement

ADCP Uplooker Measurement at the Upstream of the Junction Shows Density Current due to CSO

CSO Event of 01/08/2008

CSO Event of 02/17/2008

� Influence factors– Main channel discharge– CSO discharge– CSO particle concentration

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

Case 5

Case 6

Case 7

Qcso=35 m3/s

Effects of Main Channel Flow Discharge

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30Main Channel Normal Flow (m3/s)

Fron

t Loc

ation

(m)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Plun

ging P

oint (

m)

Front Location (m)Plunging Point (m)

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Main Channel Normal Flow (m3/s)

Fron

t Slop

e

Comentarios Finales

� En la ultima decada se han logrado grandes avances en la hidrodinamica computacional con aplicaciones en la hidraulica ambiental fluvial, ambiental y la morfodinamicade rios.� Es necesario complementar la modelacion numerica con

experimentos de laboratorio y observaciones de campo parapoder calibrar, verificar y validar los resultados numericos.� La modelacion numerica no es una panacea sino una

herramienta mas a disposicion de la ingenieria ambiental y fluvial que se debe utilizar con cautela, sentido comun, y sabiendo cuales son sus alcances y limitaciones.

Gracias

Racine Avenue Pumping Station, Chicago Illinois

aplicaciones de la dinámica de fluidos computacional marcelo h

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