apah sernin, notre dame.docx
TRANSCRIPT
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Nishant Grover
AP Art History
12/6/2011
The Romanesque and Gothic periods in France produced great works of art,
sculpture and architecture. The Holy Roman Empire and well as the subsequent
monarchies had a strong influence on these movements, which provided creative fodder
for French artists, sculptors and architects during this time. Architecture was one form of
art that flourished during both the Romanesque and Gothic periods. Two pieces that are
considered landmarks of these movements as well as French architecture are the
Romanesque Basilica of St. Sernin in Toulouse, France and the Gothic Notre Dame
Cathedral in Paris, France. Both structures share many similar architectural conventions
while each has its individual style derived from architectural, aesthetic and sculptural
components.
The first method to compare and contrast St. Sernin and Notre Dame is
architecturally. Before any building is built, its overhead view must be first drawn as a
diagram called a floor plan. The floor plan was essential to ecclesiastical architecture in
Medieval Europe and was unique to each structure. St. Sernins floor plan utilizes the
standard elements of Romanesque architecture such as the Latin cross-based transept and
nave, the defined apse and strong columnar support at the narthex, crossing and exterior.
Notre Dame, however, follows a variation on a Greek cross-based transept and nave, with
the horizontal cross being very short, while its apse is more rounded and connected to the
nave and its structural support has an exterior emphasis.
The second method to compare and contrast St. Sernin and Notre Dame is
aesthetically. Not only can the overhead view of a building be helpful in drawing a floor
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plan but it can also assist in seeing the true beauty of the buildings exterior and therefore
determining its aesthetic properties. This view of St. Sernin shows a very stylized church
made from red brick and white stone that imbibe the simplistic qualities of Roman
architecture while putting them in a more medieval, Romanesque perspective. The east end
of the basilica shows the apse covering as well as alternate entrances to the church.
Compared to St. Sernin, Notre Dame is more ornate and sophisticated in its exterior. This
can be attributed to the Gothic style of architecture as well as the newer techniques utilized
in constructing this cathedral. What truly adds to this heightened sense of design are the
two towers which complete this building by adding a touch of class and poise.
The third method to compare and contrast St. Sernin and Notre Dame is
sculpturally. Arches and vaulting makes up a majority of the sculptural aspect of medieval
churches. This is no different in St. Sernin. Transverse arches dot the many open entrances
in this church while the nave is covered by a series of barrel vaults and rib vaults cover the
aisles. These arches and the vaulted ceiling make the building seem very large. This large
size is supported by very thick walls and interior columnar support. Notre Dame, however,
differs in its sculptural qualities due to the use of flying buttresses as well as many diverse
elements within the cathedral. The arches and vaulting implemented in this building create
an even larger sense of size which showcases the Gothic element of going past what the
average man can do or build.
Both the Romanesque and Gothic periods of architecture have their own unique
elements that set apart the two styles as well as bridge them together over various
kingdoms and rulers. This is shown by the architectural, aesthetic and sculptural
comparison and contrast of the Basilica of St. Sernin and the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
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Works Cited
Garland. Notre Dame-Floor Plan. 1837. Graphic. Prints With a Past, England
Kleiner, Fred S. Gardner's Art Through the Ages. 11th ed. Orlando: Hartcourt CollegePublishers, 2001. p.455-457,489-496. Print.
O'Reilly, E.B., 1921: "How France Built her Cathedrals". London and New York: Harper and
Brothers