Running head: TITLE OF PAPER 1

Title of Paper

Author’s Full Name

Institutional Affiliation (ex: Coleman University)

TITLE OF PAPER 2

Table of Contents

Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2

Method.............................................................................................................................................3

Results..............................................................................................................................................3

Discussion........................................................................................................................................3

Subheadings.....................................................................................................................................3

Level 2 Subheading......................................................................................................................3Level 3 subheading...................................................................................................................3

Level 4 subheading..........................................................................................................................3

In-text Citations...............................................................................................................................3

Sample in-text citations................................................................................................................3No author, no date....................................................................................................................3No author with a date...............................................................................................................3Up to five authors with a date..................................................................................................3Multiple citations for the same statement.................................................................................3

Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................3

Bibliography Generator Tool...........................................................................................................3

Creating a Citation.......................................................................................................................3Creating a Reference....................................................................................................................3

References........................................................................................................................................3

APPENDIX A..................................................................................................................................3

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Abstract

An abstract is a short summary of your research. Include at least your topic and/or research

question, participants, methods, the results of your research, your analysis of those results and

any conclusions you reached from doing the research. In your conclusion, you may want to

include your view of the future and possible implications of your research. The abstract is short,

no more than 250 words in length, and only one paragraph.

Keywords: Keywords for your research go here. A keyword is a word that a database uses to

locate your paper when a search is performed. Keywords should be descriptive of the content of

your paper, not just the main idea (ex: APA, research, thesis). If you don’t have any, delete this

entire paragraph.

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Title of Paper

The first few paragraphs are the introduction to the paper. There is no subheading for the

introductory paragraphs. With the exception of block quotes (explained below), each paragraph

of the body of the paper is indented 0.5”.

The purpose of the introduction is to present the problem or research question that will be

addressed in the paper. Your introduction provides background for the reader, answering the

question of “what am I reading?” The introduction also answers the question of “why am I

reading this?” Your answer to this question should grab the reader’s attention; you should write

in a clear, compelling and convincing manner. Your introduction also answers the question

“what do you want me to do?” This is where you will state your thesis or hypothesis in one or

two sentences. Tell your reader what your position is on the topic.

This is a block quote. It is designed to be set apart from the paper

by indenting it 10 spaces from the left and 10 spaces from the right

margin. The purpose of the block quote is to set apart a quotation

that is 40 or more words in length. The block quote does not need

quotation marks to indicate that it is a quote unless the author of

the quote uses quotation marks inside his quote itself. For example,

Ben Franklin used to say “a stitch in time saves nine.” You do,

however, need to provide an in-text citation for the entire block

(Franklin, 1789).

Once you have read and understand this, you can delete it.

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Method

This section answers the question of how you went about collecting your data. You only

need this section if you are doing your own experiments or other types of data collection.

Once you have read and understand this, you can delete it.

Results

This section is where you present the results of your experiment(s) or data collection. If

you did not do any experimenting or surveying, you do not need to include this section. You do

not need this section or the methods section if you simply did a review of existing literature to

discover your findings and come to conclusions. Your hypothesis goes in the introduction

paragraph and any other discussion of the thesis will go into the “Discussion” section of the

paper. Once you have read and understand this, you can delete it.

Discussion

The discussion section is the body of your paper. The discussion is where you tell the

reader what you have found out either by literature review, by experimentation, or by both. Your

hypotheses may or may not be supported by the data you found. If your hypothesis is not

supported, this is still good research. Rather than retrieve data that supports his hypothesis, a true

scholar changes his hypothesis to support the data.

Subheadings

THIS IS NOT A SECTION OF YOUR PAPER. This section is included merely to assist with

understanding of the various levels of subheading and their use in APA format.

Think of subheadings like levels of an outline. A first level subheading is centered and

bolded with initial capital letters. There are exceptions, however. The title of the paper, the

abstract, and the references section are not bold-faced.

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Level 2 Subheading

A second level subheading is aligned left, bolded with initial capitals only as in the

example above.

Level 3 subheading. A level 3 subheading is at paragraph level. This subheading needs

to have a period at the end of it. In order to distinguish it from the actual paragraph, it needs to be

written in boldface type.

Level 4 subheading. A level 4 subheading is probably the lowest level with which you

will need to concern yourself. A level 4 subheading is at paragraph level. In order to be

distinguished from the paragraph itself and from a level 3 subheading, level 4 subheadings are

written in boldface type and italicized.

It may help to think of subheadings as in an outline format. If you organized your

thoughts using an outline, this will be easier to do. Level 1 headings are the main sections of

your paper. These headings will include things like Method, Results and Discussion.

Subheadings are large enough to warrant their own section underneath the main heading. In

order to warrant a subheading, there must be at least two distinct items to be discussed.

Once you have read and understand this section, you can delete it.

In-text Citations

THIS IS NOT A SECTION OF YOUR PAPER. These instructions are provided simply as an

aid to creation of in-text citations. One common question about in-text citations is: what do I do

if there is no author? If no author is present or apparent, use the title, or first few words of the

title if it is long, and the year of publication. If the title is italicized in the reference list, the cited

source is also italicized in the in-text citation. If not italicized in the reference list, it is placed in

quotation marks in the in-text citation. Now you are saying, what if I don’t have a date? If there

TITLE OF PAPER 7

is no date, use the letters n.d. in its place. For example, if your in-text citation was for the About

Google Scholar page, it would appear like this (“About Google Scholar”, n.d.).

Never include an in-text citation for a reference that does not appear in your references

list. Likewise, never include a reference in your references list that has not been cited using an

in-text citation.

Sample in-text citations

No author, no date. Cite sources that have no author or date like this (“About Google

Scholar”, n.d.). Although this is not a preferred form, many resources available on the web do

not contain author and date information. Still, these sources may be valuable and you would like

to include them in your paper. Ask your thesis advisor or instructor about including

non-authoritative, non-dated sources in your paper.

No author with a date. Many web pages have a date but no author. Again, not having an

author is not the preferred resource, but the information may still be valuable. Cite these sources

like this (“UPS Logistics,” 2010). Ask your instructor or thesis advisor before including

non-authoritative sources in your paper.

Up to five authors with a date. This is the simplest form of citation. Most periodical

entries from scholarly journals will take this format (Brownlie, 2007). The format for up to five

authors, such as this one for three authors (Smyth, Parker, & Pease, 2002), is the same as the

format for one author.

Multiple citations for the same statement. (Smyth, Parker, & Pease, 2002; Campbell,

Campbell, & Dickinson, 2003).

Now you are probably wondering when to use et al in an in-text citation. You know you

have seen it before in your readings, but you do not know or remember the rule. If you have six

TITLE OF PAPER 8

or more authors, you will use et al only when making more than one reference to the same work

cited. For example, the first time you cite the article titled General format listed in the references

page, it would appear like this (Angeli, Wagner, Lawrick, Moore, Anderson, Soderland, &

Brizee, 2010). For every time after the first time, it would appear like this (Angeli, et al, 2010).

To add variation to your paper, you should use different forms of in-text citations. In-text

citations can appear in several different ways.

Table of Contents

THIS IS NOT A SECTION OF YOUR PAPER. The purpose of this section is to

explain how to have Microsoft Word auto-generate a table of contents in case it is required by

your instructor. Larger papers and masters’ theses will require a table of contents.

If you have used the APA styles that were provided for you in the template, you can use

them to generate your table of contents. You just need to tell Microsoft Word that you want to

use them instead of the default ones.

To start, place your cursor in the location where you want the table of contents to appear.

In proper APA 6th edition style, the table of contents appears between the title page and the

abstract. Insert a page break and type the words Table of Contents in APA Heading 1 style then

hit enter.

On the References tab, click Table of Contents and choose Insert Table of Contents. Do

not use a built-in table of contents.

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Change the defaults as follows:

Click Modify and change TOC levels 1, 2, and 3 to Times New Roman, 12 pt.

Click Options and type 1 in the TOC level box for APA Heading 1, 2 in the TOC level

box for APA Heading 2, 3 in the TOC level box for APA Heading 3, and 4 in the TOC level box

for APA Heading 4 and click OK. Click OK again to save the changes and generate the table of

contents.

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If you make changes to the paper, the table of contents will need to be updated. Click the

References tab. Click Update Table. When prompted, select Update entire table.

Bibliography Generator Tool

THIS IS NOT A SECTION OF YOUR PAPER. The purpose of this section is to

explain how Microsoft Word’s bibliography generator tool works. As with any other computer-

based tool, the bibliography generator in Microsoft Word is only as good as the information you

provide it. The best advice is to use it cautiously and knowledgeably. You are ultimately

responsible for the end product, so you must still be familiar with the style and formatting

required by APA.

If you feel compelled to use the generator, click the References tab. In the Citations &

Bibliography section of the ribbon, verify that the Style: says APA Sixth.

Creating a Citation

In-text citations are generated as you type by clicking the Insert Citation option. Choose

Add New Source. Select the appropriate citation format (periodical, web site, book, etc.) and

provide the bibliographic information needed for your citation type. Check the box that says

Show All Bibliography fields and make sure that you have included the most complete

information that you can for your reference. You will use the information you enter here to

auto-generate your references page later.

Creating a Reference

Place your cursor where you want your references page to appear. The references page

appears after the document but before the Appendices, if applicable. Insert a page break and type

the word References at the top of the page in APA Heading 1 style, then remove the bold-faced

type.

TITLE OF PAPER 11

On the References tab, click Bibliography and select the Insert Bibliography option. Do

not use a built-in bibliography. Your references will auto-generate based upon the citations you

previously entered but the font and spacing will not be correct. Select all of the auto-generated

text and change the style to APA body.

There is no Update Bibliography feature. If you need to make corrections later, select the

current References entries and delete them then select the Insert Bibliography option again to

regenerate it.

TITLE OF PAPER 12

References

“About Google Scholar.” (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/about.html.

Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A.

(2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography.

European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161

Campbell, L., Campbell, B., & Dickinson, D. (2003). Teaching and learning through multiple

intelligences. (3rd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Clemson University. (2000). College survival skills. Retrieved from

http://www.clemson.edu/collegeskills/

Smyth, A. M., Parker, A. L., & Pease, D. L. (2002). A study of enjoyment of peas. Journal of

Abnormal Eating, 8(3), 120-125. Retrieved from

http://www.articlehomepage.com/full/url/

UPS Logistics Technologies to be acquired by Thoma Bravo. (2010, November 19). In Roadnet

Technologies. Retrieved from http://www.roadnet.com/pub/press-releases/ups-logistics-

technologies-to-be-acquired-by-thoma-bravo/

TITLE OF PAPER 13

APPENDIX A

Website Questionnaire

This questionnaire is designed to measure how well school library media center web sites meet specific advocacy, content, interactivity, and design (ACID) criteria. Please indicate that an item is present by placing a check or “X” in the box next to it. For our purposes, web site refers to the initial URL and any links connected to the URL. Links within the domain are to be considered part of the web site and to be evaluated as such. For example, if the URL for the school library media web site being evaluated is http://www.artfuldodger.k12.xx.us/media.html, any links to web pages within the http://www.artfuldodger.k12.xx.us/ domain are considered part of the website and evaluated. Links to web sites outside the domain are only to be considered in terms of whether or not they are present and not in terms of whether they meet the specified criteria. See Appendix B for a definition of the variables.

Criteria Point Value

Advocacy

[ ] Promotes the media center’s services and products (1)

[ ] Promotes the media specialist as information professional (1)

Content

[ ] Access to the online catalog is provided (1)

[ ] A schedule of upcoming events is provided (1)

Interactivity level on main school library media center page

[ ] None (0)

[ ] Contact name and full mailing address (1)

[ ] Contact name and email address (2)

[ ] Online form(s) for feedback (3)

[ ] Chat forum (4)

Design

[ ] No special software is required to load initial web page (1)

[ ] Web page loads within 30 seconds (1)

[ ] Text is reduced to chunks (no more than 2 “page downs”) (1)