ap u.s. unit 7 exam + answers
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1. Which combination of factors contributed most to the start of the Great Depression of the 1930s?a. immigration restrictions and lack of skilled workersb. high taxes and overspending on social welfare
programsc. United States war debts and the declining value of the
dollard. overproduction and the excessive use of credit e. government intervention of business and excessive
taxes
2. The clash between FDR and the United States Supreme Court over New Deal laws best illustrates the operation ofa. federalismb. due processc. checks and balances d. the two-party systeme. representative socialism
3. The National Industrial Recovery Act and the National Labor Relations Act are often cited as evidence that New Deal legislationa. tried to keep the costs of labor downb. sympathized with the interests of workers c. blamed unions for slowing economic recoveryd. favored management over unionse. established policies and procedure for effective labor
strikes
4. An immediate effect of the Lend-Lease program was thata. Western Europe recovered from the damage caused
by WWIb. the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pactc. Japan declared war against the United Statesd. the depression in the United States came to an
immediate halte. the United States provided critical aid to Great
Britain and the Soviet Union
5. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is an illustration of the a. impact a single event can have on public opinion in a
time of crisisb. effectiveness of a policy of appeasement in stopping
aggressionc. success of the pacifist movement in the United Statesd. role of communism as a negative influence in global
affairse. weaken state of American military due to the Great
Depression
6. Which congressional action not only raised money for World War II but also contributed to the national debt?a. requiring employers to withhold taxes from workers’
paychecksb. raising income tax ratesc. selling war bonds d. enacting wage and price controlse. participating the cash and carry program
7. Which would be the most appropriate entry for line D in the list below
a. The Cold War at homeA. The McCarthy hearingsB. Alger Hiss caseC. HUACD. __________________
a. Labor unrestb. Racial segregationc. Wage and price controlsd. Consumerisme. Loyalty oaths
8. “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”-Brown v. Board of Education
The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was toa. establish affirmative action programs in higher
educationb. require the integration of public schools c. desegregate the armed forces and the military
academiesd. force states to spend an equal amount of cash on each
public school studente. allow cities to have similar governmental structures
9. In a farewell message to the American public, President Eisenhower warned of the growth of the “Military-industrial complex.” This term refers to the a. influence of defense contractors on Congress b. threat from the Soviet Armyc. internal danger from Communist spiesd. economy’s dependence on oil imported from the
Middle Easte. beginning of a major depression in the United States
10. President Eisenhower’s “modern Republicanism” can best be described asa. a return to the economic policies of Coolidge and
Hooverb. a general acceptance of the New Deal programs and a
balanced budgetc. an effort to shift taxes from the wealthy to lower
income Americansd. opposition to all liberal causes, including civil rightse. the return of social and welfare programs to the states
11. John Foster Dulles’ “new look” to U.S. foreign policy included all of the following EXCEPT
a. taking Communist nations to brink of war to force them to back down
b. threatening massive retaliation with nuclear weapons to prevent Soviet aggression
c. supporting the liberation of captive” nationsd. recognizing the Communist government of China e. reducing conventional forces of the U.S. Army and
Navy
12. U.S. intervention in Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954 are examples of a. The use of covert action by the CIA b. The application of the Eisenhower Doctrine c. U.S. efforts to stop the proliferation of nuclear
weaponsd. The use of U.S. troops to support democratic
governmentse. The policy of brinkmanship
13. “We declare that however acute the two systems – the socialist and the capitalist – we must solve questions in dispute among states not by war, but by diplomatic negotiation.” This statement by Nikita Khrushchev in 1957 expressed the idea of a. massive retaliationb. de-Stalinizationc. inevitability of the triumph of communismd. peaceful coexistence e. cultural revolution
14. Which of the following represented a major crisis during Eisenhower’s presidency?a. Cuban missile crisisb. Invasion of South Koreac. Spirit of Camp Davidd. British, French, and Israeli invasion of Egypt e. Blockade of Berlin
15. In the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court ruled thata. Segregated facilities must be equalb. African Americans and whites must have equal
access to public transportationc. Racially segregated schools are inherently unequal
and unconstitutionald. Nonviolent protests are protected by the First
Amendmente. Voting rights must apply equally to whites and
African Americans
16. The Montgomery bus boycott and Greensboro lunch counter sit-ins are examples of a. Enforcement by the Justice Department of the Brown
decisionb. President Eisenhower’s use of federal troops to end
segregationc. Court-initiated efforts to end racial discriminationd. Failures of nonviolent direct action by the NAACPe. Protests against segregation coming from the African
American community
17. During the 1950s, all of the following contributed to a more homogeneous culture EXCEPTa. Building of the interstate highway systemb. The soil-bank program c. Television programmingd. Spread of franchise operationse. Growth of the suburbs
18. The U.S. during the years of Eisenhower were characterized bya. Decreased spending for defenseb. Breakup of conglomeratesc. Increased tension between Protestants, Catholics, and
Jewsd. Increased middle-class affluence e. Radical protests on college campuses
19. In combating the depression, President Herbert Hoover favored all of the following EXCEPTa. federal relief programs for the unemployed b. state and local relief programsc. business maintaining wages and employmentd. private volunteer effortse. emergency financing for banks and railroads
20. “The New Deal brought sweeping changes in American politics and society.” Each of the following actions supports this statement EXCEPTa. Roosevelt’s use of federal deficit spendingb. A majority of African Americans voting for
Democratic candidatesc. Passage of the Social Security Actd. Increased spending by consumers e. Increased power of labor unions
21. The New Deal legislation that has had the widest impact over the past 60 years is thea. Wagner Actb. National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA)c. Banking Act (FDIC)d. National Housing Act (FHA)e. Social Security Act
22. “Economic indicators during Hoover’s presidency reached new lows.” Which of these indicators went UP instead of down?a. farm pricesb. unemployment c. national incomed. GNPe. earnings
23. Of the following, the greatest threat to Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal wasa. Huey Long b. A. Phillip Randolphc. Father Coughlind. Mary McLeod Bethunee. Herbert Hoover
24. Which of the following pairs of people is closely identified with the bonus march?a. Herbert Hover and Douglas MacArthur b. Franklin Roosevelt and Eleanor Rooseveltc. Harry Hopkins and Frances Perkinsd. John L. Lewis and John Maynard Keynese. Alf Landon and Al Smith
25. All of the following were passed or created by Congress during the second New Deal EXCEPTa. the Social Security Actb. the Wagner Actc. the Works Progress Administrationd. the Resettlement Administratione. the National Recovery Administration
26. All of the following played a role in causing the Great Depression EXCEPTa. uneven distribution of wealthb. weak farm economyc. overproduction of consumer goodsd. low tariffs e. practice of buying stocks with borrowed money
27. The New Deal implemented theories of John Maynard Keynes that stressed the importance of a. a balanced federal budgetb. deficit spending for “pump priming” c. a laissez-faire policy toward businessd. “trickle-down” economic theorye. high-tariff protectionism
28. In response to conservative rulings of the Supreme Court, President Roosevelt took action that resulted ina. his first major legislative defeat b. passage of a law recognizing the judicial branchc. his reelection in 1936d. New Deal laws being declared unconstitutionale. Enactment of legislation known as the third New
Deal29. U.S. economic expansion after WWII was encouraged by
all of the following EXCEPTa. Office of Price Administration b. Veterans’ loansc. Increased savings from the war yearsd. High demand for consumer goodse. Increase in per capita income
30. President Truman’s domestic policies included support for all of the following EXCEPTa. a full-employment billb. increase in the minimum wage c. national health care insuranced. desegregating the armed forcese. the Taft-Hartley Act
31. Which of the following was NOT a major issue between the Soviet Union and the U.S. in the postwar years 1945-1950?a. establishment in Communist governments in Eastern
Europeb. occupation zones in Japan c. access to Berlind. Marshall Plan aide. Development and control of atomic weapons
32. “In these circumstances, it is clear that the main element of any United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be that of a long-term, patient, but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. It is important to note, however, that such a policy has nothing to do with outward histrionics, with threats or blustering or superfluous gestures of outward ‘toughness.’”a. President Roosevelt’s speech at the Yalta conferenceb. Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speechc. George Marshall’s introduction to his Marshall Pland. George Kennan’s article, “the Sources of Soviet
Conduct”e. General MacArthur’s letter to Congressman Joseph
Martin
33. The Primary purpose of the Marshall Plan was toa. end the rift between the U.S. and the Soviet Unionb. establish a uniform world currencyc. aid the economic recovery of war-devastated Europe d. set up a military alliance of anticommunist nations e. hinder the economic recover of nations under Soviet
control
34. Which U.S. action is NOT correctly paired with an event in international politics?a. airlift – Soviet blockade of Berlinb. troops sent to Korea – Churchill’s Iron Curtain
speechc. Truman Doctrine – civil war in Greeced. Marshall Plan – growing popularity of communism in
Western Europee. Development of hydrogen bomb – A-bomb tested in
Soviet Union
35. Which of the following was NOT an issue during the Korean War? a. whether to expand the war by attacking Chinab. whether North Korea had committed aggression c. whether Congress should have declared ward. the removal of General Douglass MacArthur e. the policies of containment and “limited war”
36. Which of the following contributed the LEAST to the growth of the Red Scare in the 1950s?a. loss of atomic bomb secrets to the Sovietsb. Army-McCarthy hearings c. Alger Hiss cased. Fall of China to the Communistse. Investigations by the House Un-American Activities
Committee
37. Which of the following BEST describes Truman’s foreign policy from 1945 to 1952? a. reluctance to involve the United States in foreign
conflictsb. willingness to negotiate differences with the Soviet
Unionc. aggressive use of U.S. troops in Europe and Asiad. commitment to containing Communist challenges e. extending foreign aid only with U.N. approval
38. A principal reason for defeat of most Fair Deal programs was a. opposition by Republicans in Congress b. outbreak of the Second Red Scarec. McCarthy’s accusationsd. Truman’s lack of experience in domestic policye. Dewey’s speeches in the election of 1948
39. Which of the following phrases accurately describes Franklin Roosevelt’s good-neighbor policy?a. search for improved relations with Canadab. abandonment of the Open Door Policy in Chinac. U.S. pledge not to intervene in Latin America d. Diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Unione. Commitment to the democracies of Europe
40. United States participation in the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) after World War II demonstrated that the United Statesa. recognized the importance of international
cooperationb. returned to the policy it followed after World War Ic. believed in the principle of hemispheric isolationd. embraced a postwar policy of strict neutrality
Americanse. replace racial segregation with an integrated society
41. Which of the following was an expression of isolationism in the 1930s?a. Roosevelt’s “quarantine” speechb. The good-neighbor policyc. The Nye Committee d. Recognition of the Soviet Unione. “cash and carry” policy
42. In the 1930s, the foreign policies of Japan and the U.S. were chiefly in conflict overa. U.S. control of the Philippinesb. Japanese invasion of China c. U.S. isolationismd. Ideological differencese. Internment of Japanese Americans
43. On the WWII home front, U.S. involvement brought about a. increased labor violenceb. increased spending on consumer goodsc. increased employment for women d. strict limits on corporate profitse. an end to deficit spending by the federal government
44. In Korematsu v. U.S. the Supreme Court upheld the government’s practice of a. placing quotas on Japanese immigrationb. embargoing trade with Japanc. providing financial compensation for victims of
discriminationd. placing Japanese Americans in internment camps e. drafting men into the armed services in peacetime
45. Consequences of Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan included all of the following EXCEPT a. the surrender of Japanb. the end of WWIIc. full-scale invasion of Japan by U.S. troops d. destruction of two Japanese citiese. the deaths of thousands of civilians
46. At which of the following did Stalin agree to hold free elections in the countries of Eastern Europe?a. Londonb. Casablancac. Teherand. Yalta e. San Francisco
47. Which is an accurate characterization of how U.S. foreign policy changed from 1938 to 1941?a. from neutrality to support for Britain b. from isolationism to neutralityc. from intervention in Latin America to the good-
neighbor policyd. from hostility to Japan to diplomatic efforts to
appease Japanesee. from pro-German policies to anti-Japanese policies
48. From 1942 to 1945, the U.S. was allied with a. Great Britain onlyb. Great Britain and the Soviet Union c. France, Spain, and the Soviet Uniond. Italy and Great Britaine. No other nation
49. Of the following, the one with the most far-reaching influence on American society’s development in the post-WWII period was thea. GI Billb. Baby boom c. Taft-Hartley Actd. Fair Deal Programe. Employment Act
50. In the 1920s and 1930s, isolationists often cited the words and warnings of a. James Madisonb. James Monroec. George Washington d. Theodore Roosevelte. Woodrow Wilson
UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS, 1929-1939Total Labor Numbered Percent
Year Force Unemployed Unemployed---------------------------------------------------------------------------1929 49,180,000 1,550,000 3.21930 49,820,000 4,340,000 8.71931 50,420,000 8,020,000 15.91932 51,000,000 12,060,000 23.61933 51,590,000 12,830,000 24.91934 52,230,000 11,340,000 21.71935 52,870,000 10,610,000 20.11936 53,440,000 9,030,000 16.91937 54,000,000 7,700,000 14.31938 54,610,000 10,390,000 19.01939 55,230,000 9,480,000 17.2---------------------------------------------------------------------------51. These unemployment statistics indicate that
a. the number of new jobs grew by 17.2 percent over the decade
b. Hoover's second term was the worst period of the Depression
c. New Deal programs helped to counter the effects of the Depression, but did not end them.
d. the use of Keynesian economics brought the United States out of the Depression.
e. the economy went downhill after the NRA was declared unconstitutional.
52. The United States during World War II adopted all of the following strategies EXCEPTa. unconditional surrenderb. an eventual second front by invading Europec. victory in the European area first.d. Island hopping in the Pacific Theater.e. use of the atomic bomb on Germany
53. During World War II, women did all of the following EXCEPTa. work in factories.b. reaffirm traditional patterns for women's lives. c. establish themselves as a vital part of the economy.d. participate in the war effort.e. define a new role in society.
54. One of the most important domestic results of the war effort wasa. complete employment for minority Americans.b. the end of discrimination for African Americans.c. the revitalization of the Federal Reserve System and
the Securities and Exchange System.d. the swift ending of the Great Depression e. stemming the tide of Japanese advances in the Pacific
55. This African-American labor leader demanded equal employment opportunities for blacks during World War II.a. A. Phillip Randolph b. Marcus Garveyc. W.E.B. Duboisd. Martin Luther King Jr.e. Jesse Jackson
56. Which of the following was agreed to at the Yalta Conference (1945)a. the invasion of Sicily.b. the establishment of a Council of Foreign Ministers
to draft peace treaties.c. a commitment to open a second front in France.d. an agreement to divide Germany into four military
zones.e. the Soviet Union agreed to enter the war against
Japan once Germany was defeated.
57. The mood of the "Beat Generation" is best reflected in which of the following?a. Jack Kerouac's On the Road . b. F. Scott Fitzgerald's This Side of Paradise.c. Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.d. J. D. Sallinger's Catcher in the Rye.e. James Joyce's Ulysses.
58. Issued by President Roosevelt in 1941, Executive Order No. 8802a. fully integrated the United States armed forces.b. assisted blacks attempting to move out of the Southc. required defense industries to make jobs available
without discrimination based on race, creed, color, or national origin.
d. required the automobile industries to make jobs unavailable to non-Americans
e. segregated Americans of German and Italian descent
59. The most likely explanation for the decline in unemployment between 1940 and 1941 isa. The new deal public works projects b. That fewer people were looking for jobsc. Mobilization of industry for world war 2 d. That more women were going into the labor markete. The 1940 presidential election
60. “As we went through the gate, the first thing that met my eyes was a pile of forty or fifty dead men, piled four or five deep, like cordwood….This pile of bodies was by no means normal….They killed more than they could burn because the Americans were coming…” The author was describingThis author was describing thea. Japanese prisoner of war campsb. aftermath of the Battle of the Bulgec. Nazi concentration camps d. Headquarters of Hitler in Berline. The consequences of the Rape of Nanking
61. To try correct the problem shown in the cartoon, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposeda. increasing the number of justices on the Supreme
Courtb. raising the salaries of federal judgesc. reducing the Supreme Court’s use of judicial reviewd. exercising his veto power over Supreme Courte. altering the Constitution to rebalance the checks and
balances clause
62. I walked in there, in my overalls, and suddenly all the machines stopped and every guy in the shop just turned around and looked at me. It took…two weeks before anyone even talked to me. The discrimination was indescribable. They wanted to kill me…Anyway, eventually some of the men became very friendly, particularly the older ones….They were sort of fatherly, protective.”
The World War II experience described above was thea. advancements of technology during WWIIb. interment of Japanese-Americansc. intolerance German-Americans facedd. rapid integration of the armed forcese. resistance to women workers
63. In the 1930s, one factor that accounted for the westward migration of farmers from the Great Plains wasa. high farm pricesb. new technologiesc. the dust bowl d. the baby boome. barbed wire
64. This poster was used during WWII toa. encourage citizens to volunteer to serve in the Armed
forcesb. remind citizens not to be wasteful during the warc. promote the sale of war bondsd. encourage women to seek jobs in war-related
industriese. establish a civil service awareness neighbor program
65. FDR and Churchill issued this 1941 statement that declared that both nations would support self-determination, freedom of the seas, joint disarmament, and territorial integrity for all after World War II ended.a. Atlantic Charter b. Potsdam Conferencec. Executive Order 9099d. Yalta Agreemente. Missouri Agreement
66. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 represented a significant change in policy because it a. divided Indian lands into individual plotsb. weakened the legal basis for tribal sovereigntyc. undercut existing barriers to the exploitation of
Native Americansd. expanded the role of Bureau of Indian Affairse. ended the government’s allotment policy
67. In this cartoon, the main idea is that after World War II, many women mighta. insist that men be given back their pre-World War II
jobsb. demand the right to serve in future combatc. resist a return to their traditional role as homemakers d. demand the right to vote and to seek public officee. go to Europe and help rebuild it
68. Which of the planks from the 1892 Populist Party platform showed a concern with issues raised by organized labor?a. Graduated income taxb. Restrictions on immigration c. Government ownership of railroadsd. Unlimited coinage of silvere. Direct election of senators
69. The Monroe Doctrine stated all of the following policies EXCEPTa. North and South America were no longer open to
European colonizationb. Existing colonies would not be bothered by the
United Statesc. The United States would intervene in the problems of
South American countries had with other nationsd. The colonies Europeans had had in the Western
Hemisphere were forever loste. The United States would not involve itself in the
affairs of European nations
70. In Marbury V. Marbury, Chief Justice John Marshall argued successfully that the Supreme Court could a. remove federal officials who would not or could not
perform their dutiesb. determine cases involving interstate commercec. decide whether debts should be considered in
contractsd. declare federal laws unconstitutional e. uphold the authority of the federal government over
the states
71. When President Taft called for dollar diplomacy, he advocateda. that American businessmen should invest in
underdeveloped countries rather than lend those countries U.S. dollars
b. that American government money be loaned to underdeveloped countries
c. purchasing foreign-owned territoriesd. the rejection of the Open Door Policye. encouraging foreign exports by reducing tariffs
72. Thomas Paine’s Common Sensea. was a call for the abolition of slaveryb. insisted that the British allow the colonies to elect
their own representatives to Parliament.c. Criticized the weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederationd. Blamed George III for the colonies problems and
urged Americans to declare their independencee. Demanded that a strong executive be included in the
constitution
73. After the Civil War, the practice of sharecroppinga. Turned African-Americans into a labor force with
housing and supplies provided by white plantersb. Taught African-Americans and whites to work
together as farmersc. Made it possible for African Americans to save
enough money to buy their own farmsd. Required African Americans to form groups to work
as gang labore. Forced African Americans to migrate to the north
74. The principle of freedom of the press in colonial America was established by the
a. Articles of Confederationb. Bill of Rightsc. Virginia House of Burgessesd. Trial of Peter Zenger e. Mayflower Compact
75. The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918) were used by President Woodrow Wilson’s administration during World War I to
a. discourage congressional support for the war effortb. place German Americans in internment campsc. remove Communists from government positionsd. silence critics of the war effort e. conscript men into armed services
76. Which heading would be most appropriate for the outline below?
I.__________________________________A. Congress passes the Alien and Sedition Acts.B. President Abraham Lincoln suspends habeas corpus.C. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders internment of Japanese Americans.D. Senator Joseph McCarthy begins hearings on identifying Communists.
a. Changes in Economic Policyb. Federalism and the Constitutionc. Checks and Balances at Workd. Examples of Nativisme. Threats to Civil Liberties
77. The main reason for the passage of the Homestead Act in 1862 was to provide fora. farms on the Great Plains b. national parksc. irrigation of desert landsd. reservations for Native American Indianse. 40 acres and mule for former slaves
78. According to the theory of laissez-faire capitalism, prices of products are determined by thea. interaction of supply and demand b. cost of producing the productsc. governmentd. bankerse. high tariffs and taxes
79. The creation of the first political parties in the United States resulted from a controversy overa. declaring independence from Great Britainb. recognizing women’s equalityc. expanding slavery into the newly acquired territoriesd. the election of George Washington as the first
Presidente. interpreting the Constitution
80. “The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible.”
— George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796According to President Washington, the interests of the United States would be best served by
a. placing tariffs on imported goodsb. forming military alliances with other nationsc. avoiding trade agreements with foreign nationsd. maintaining a foreign policy based on neutrality e. balancing the budget with foreign trade
Extra CreditE1) Shadow discovered Sandy lying on her side in a puddle of water and broken glass. When the doctor arrived he pronounced her dead. Since Sandy had no cuts on her body, how did she die?E1) Sandy died of suffocation. Sandy is a goldfish who’s fishbowl was knocked over.
E2) Mel Colly stared through the dirty soot-smeared window on the 26th floor of the office tower. Overcome with depression he slid the window open and jumped through it. It was sheer drop outside the building to the ground. Miraculously after he landed he was completely unhurt. Since there was nothing to cushion his fall of slow his descent, how could he have survived?E2) Mel Colly was so sick and tired of washing windows, he opened the window and jumped inside
E3) NASA was considering sending canaries into space to study them under zero gravity. The project was scrapped when someone realized that in spite of having sufficient water supply, the canaries could die of dehydration within a few hours. Why?E3) Birds, unlike humans, need gravity to swallow.
E4) Professor Quantum answered his phone to hear an excited Professor Beaker telling him about his amazing invention. “Quantum, you won’t believe what I’ve just discovered! I’ve developed a liquid that is so powerful it will dissolve anything! Do you realize the benefits of such a product? It will turn the industrial world on its ear! For a few grand I’ll cut you 40% of the action.” Quantum replied, “There’s no doubt in my mind of the value of such a product, but before I invest any money I would want to see proof of your claims and of course, run a few tests of my own.” “No problem,” responded beaker, “I’ll bring a half liter of liquid in a few minutes.” Quantum sighed and replied, “On second thought I’m not interested.” Why would he lose interest in such a valuable product?E4) Professor Beaker could not have brought a sample over, since no container could hold a liquid that would dissolve anything