AP U.S. History HERRICK

Unit V: Social, Cultural, and Economic HistoryWestward Expansion

Ch. 14, 15, 16

INSTRUCTIONS: Use the following essential questions and terms to guide your Cornell Notes. Your notes must be handwritten in blue or black ink (failure to write in ink will result in an automatic deduction of 5 points per assignment) and need to cover the entire chapter. Only thorough, complete work deserves full credit. Each set of notes is due the day of the chapter quiz unless otherwise noted. Quiz dates will be posted ahead of time in class. Ask Mrs. Herrick if you have any questions.

Ch. 14 Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860 1. Describe the reality of life for pioneer families.

2. What is meant by the term “’ecological imperialism?’”

3. Contrast the settlement of the Irish and German immigrants between 1830-1860. What roles did they take on in American society?

4. Why did American “nativists” react so negatively to the Irish and German immigrants? Describe their reaction.

5. “Why was the youthful American Republic, destined to be an industrial giant, so slow to embrace the machine?” Explain what this means and answer the question in full.

6. Explain the impact of the cotton gin in the accession of “King Cotton” in the South and the development of the manufacturing industry in the North.

7. Describe Whitney’s principle of interchangeable parts. What was its impact on American society?

8. Describe what life was like for the American laborer in the 19th century. What about child labor?

9. Describe the change which occurred within the American family during the period in question.

10. Contrast the scene of “mass production” on page 309 with the workplace depicted “the Master Craftsman” on page 305.

11. Between 1800 and 1850 a transportation revolution took place. Explain the significance of the following to this revolution:

a. Lancaster Turnpikeb. National Road/Cumberland Roadc. Robert Fultond. DeWitt Clintone. Clipper Ships

14. Describe the impact of the continental economy on politics, workers, and families.Ch. 14 VOCABULARY: yeomen Elias Howe & Isaac Singer Cyrus McCormickGeorge Catlin Samuel F.B. Morse Cyrus Field“Biddies” and “Paddies” Strikebreakers (“scabs”/”rats”) Pony ExpressSamuel Slater Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)Eli Whitney “cult of domesticity”Factory System John Deere

Ch. 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-18601. Describe the Unitarian religious belief.

2. What was the Second Great Awakening? How did it differ from the first Great Awakening? (read all the way through page 322 to answer this)

3. Explain who the Mormons are and what opposition they faced.

4. What impact did Horace Mann, Noah Webster, and William McGuffy have on education in America?

5. Describe the growth of higher education in pre-Civil War America as a result of the Second Great Awakening. Pay special attention to the development of women’s education.

6. A product of the Second Great Awakening was the several reform movements which gained prominence between 1820 to 1860. Describe the following reform efforts:

A. Prison ReformB. TemperanceC. Woman’s Rights

7. Some individuals or groups did not want to reform American society, but wanted to escape its persecution or corrupting influence. Describe the utopian societies which were organized during this time period.

8. Describe the medical and dental practices of the early 1800s.

9. Describe the artistic achievements of 19th century Americans.

10. What was the Knickerbocker Group? Describe their contributions.

11. Who were Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau? What was transcendentalism?

12. Discuss the developments made in American history during the early 1800s.

Ch. 15 VOCABULARY:Thomas Paine’s The Age of Reason (1794) DeismPeter Cartwright Charles Gradison FinneyJoseph Smith Emma WillardMary Lyon Dorothea DixWoman’s Rights Convention Declaration of the Sentiments John J. Audubon Washington IrvingJames Fenimore Cooper Walt WhitmanLouisa May Alcott Emily DickinsonEdgar Allan Poe Nathaniel HawthorneHerman Melville

Ch. 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-18601. Explain the far reaching impact of the “Cotton Kingdom.” Include the impact of the cotton

industry on the North, South, and other areas throughout the world.

2. Describe the “oligarchy,” or the planter aristocracy of the South.

3. “The economic structure of the South became increasingly monopolistic.” Explain what is meant by

this statement. How did the southern dependence on cotton, slavery, and the plantation system

put the South at a disadvantage economically?

4. Why did Southern whites without slaves defend the institution of slavery?5. How did some blacks free themselves in the 1800s in the South? How were they treated in

both the North and the South?

6. Describe the characteristics of plantation slavery (answer using the information through page 362).

7. How did slaves passively and overtly resist slavery?

8. Describe early abolitionist movements.

9. Who were the key leaders of the abolitionist movement during this time? Be sure to include William

Lloyd Garrison, Sojourner Truth, and Frederick Douglass in your response.

10. Explain the ways in which the South defended slavery.

11. How did abolitionists impact the North?

Ch. 16 VOCABULARY:Yankee“hillbillies”emancipationThe American Colonization SocietyTheodore Dwight WeldAmerican Anti-Slavery SocietyGag Resolution“Free-soilers”