AP LangDecember 3-4

I can evaluate sample essays using the AP scoring rubric.I can edit sentences for mistakes in mechanics and pronoun reference.I can use previous knowledge about a character to speculate what kind of aphorisms he would have appreciated and justify those speculations.

I can understand the tenets of a literary movement.I can analyze the argument in a poem.

Pronouns and number agreementrefer to English in a nutshell page 704, rule 1

• The macaroni and cheese were delicious, I ate two servings of them.

• If Joann and Benjamin call tell her that I will not be home until this evening.

• Either Renaldo or Philip always finishes their geometry homework in class.

• Neither the back up singers or the lead vocalist was satisfied with her performance.

What do you notice in the

painting? George WashingtonGilbert Stuart, 1796Called the “Lansdowne” portrait because it was painted for the Marquis of LansdowneConnection to Dolley Madison?

Take a closer look

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Gilbert_Stuart_-_George_Washington_-_Google_Art_Project_(6966745).jpg

40 minutesrhetorical analysis

• Remember: SOAPSTone the introduction (You can use your power point handout.)– 1. Speaker, Occasion, and Subject– 2. Purpose– 3. Audience– 4. Thesis

• Organize your body paragraphs using Claim, Evidence, Commentary/Analysis

• Your conclusion should address a “So What?” question. What is the universal concern in the piece? Why should we care about the passage?

Read “The World is too much with us”

• How is the poem related to Into the Wild?• Romanticism:

– A movement in art and literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in revolt against the Neoclassicism of the previous centuries...The German poet Friedrich Schlegel, who is given credit for first using the term romantic to describe literature, defined it as "literature depicting emotional matter in an imaginative form." This is as accurate a general definition as can be accomplished, although Victor Hugo's phrase "liberalism in literature" is also apt. Imagination, emotion, and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. Any list of particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism includes subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; spontaneity; freedom from rules; solitary life rather than life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason and devotion to beauty; love of and worship of nature; and fascination with the past, especially the myths and mysticism of the middle ages.

– English poets: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats

– American poets: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allen Poe, Henry David Thoreau, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman

• Neoclassicism and The Age of Reason:– The dominant literary movement in England during the late seventeenth century and the eighteenth

century, which sought to revive the artistic ideals of classical Greece and Rome. Neoclassicism was characterized by emotional restraint, order, logic, technical precision, balance, elegance of diction, an emphasis of form over content, clarity, dignity, and decorum. Its appeals were to the intellect rather than to the emotions, and it prized wit over imagination. As a result, satire and didactic literature flourished, as did the essay, the parody, and the burlesque. In poetry, the heroic couplet was the most popular verse form. Writers: John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Addison, and Samuel Johnson.

Indefinite pronounsSome indefinite pronouns are singular, some plural, and some can be either singular or plural, depending on how they are used in the text.• Singular Indefinite Pronouns

– anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, and something

– In informal situations, plural pronouns are often used to refer to singular antecedents that can be either masculine or feminine. Example: Everybody stayed late at the dance because they were enjoying themselves.

• Plural Indefinite Pronouns– both, few, many, several

• Either singular or plural– all, any, more, most, none, some

Edit for mistakes in mechanics and pronoun antecedent agreement.

• Each of the girls has prepared their presentation for ap biology.

• Somebody should speak up, and give their opinion.

• Neither of the kittens has opened their eyes yet.

• One of the girls left their sweater on the bus.• Has anyone brought their compass today asked

the geometry teacher.

A Block Only:Evaluate last year’s RA essays

• In small groups, rank the essays from highest to lowest. • Read the scoring guide: What distinguishes the scores?• What scores would you assign the essays you ranked?

Why?• Where does your essay fall? Write your anticipated

score at the end of your essay. Give a one-two sentence justification for your grade.

• On a half-sheet of paper, reflect on your writing. What are your strengths in writing the essay? With what areas do you feel less confident?

Romanticism

• Read the poem “The World is too Much With Us” by William Wordsworth.

• Besides the form of the text, how is it different from what we have been reading?

• What argument is made in the poem?• How is the argument made?• How does it relate to Into the Wild?

The Romantic Period

An Introduction

Dates

• Traditionally, the Romantic Period is dated from 1798 (the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads) until 1832 (the First Reform Bill in England).

Dates (continued)

• Holman and Harmon use a slightly different approach:–1798-1870 Romantic Periods•1798-1832 Age of the Romantic

Movement•1832-1870 Early Victorian Age

First Generation Romantic Poets

• Blake--sometimes considered a Romantic precursor

• Wordsworth• Coleridge• Scott

Second Generation

• Byron• Shelley• Keats

Historical Context

• Romantic poetry a reflection of and response to a very turbulent time in British history:–Industrial Revolution–French Revolution (1789) and

Napolonic Wars (Waterloo 1815)

Historical Context (cont.)

• Debates over abolition of slavery• Early debates over rights and social roles

of women• Debates and violent protests over rights

of working class

Historical Context (cont.)

• Beginnings of various social movements to improve lot of lower classes (e.g., education, housing, working conditions for women and children)

Literary Context

• To understand the Romantic Period, one needs to contrast it against the previous period:

• Restoration and Neoclassical Period (1660-1798)

Neoclassical Writers

• Presented humans as limited, imperfect• Emphasized reason and order• Distrusted the imagination• Imitated literary forms and content from

the earlier ages

Neoclassical Writers

• Viewed nature as wild, uncultivated, in need of being being tamed, shaped, improved

• Thought literature’s main purpose was to provide moral instruction

Neoclassical Writers

• Followed the Neoclassical ideals of–order– logic–utility– good taste–decorum

Neoclassicism

• Literature to be judged by how useful it is to humans: moral instruction.

• Two dominant modes–didactic literature– satiric literature

Transcendentalists• A branch of American Romanticism• TRANSCENDENTALISM is a very formal word

that describes a very simple idea. People, men and women equally, have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that "transcends" or goes beyond what they can see, hear, taste, touch or feel.

• This knowledge comes through intuition and imagination not through logic or the senses. People can trust themselves to be their own authority on what is right. A TRANSCENDENTALIST is a person who accepts these ideas not as religious beliefs but as a way of understanding life relationships.

• Notable Transcendentalists include• Ralph Waldo Emerson• Margaret Fuller• Bronson Alcott (father of Louisa May Alcott, author of Little Women)• Henry David Thoreau• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow• Nathaniel Hawthorne• Walt Whitman

Emerson• Read the excerpts from

Emerson• Underline aphorisms

that Chris McCandless would have appreciated.

• Squiggle under the aphorisms that appeal to you.

The theory of books is noble. The scholar of the first age received into him the world around; brooded thereon; gave it the new arrangement of his own mind, and uttered it again.It came into him, life; it went out from him, truth.It came to him, short-lived actions; it went out from him, immortal thoughts.It came to him, business; it went from him, poetry.It was dead fact; now, it is quick thought.It can stand, and it can go.It now endures, it now flies, it now inspiresPrecisely in proportion to the depth of mind from which it issued, so high does it soar, so long does it sing.

-Excerpt from The American Scholar, Ralph Waldo Emerson