ap chapter 12-part 1

8/12/2019 AP Chapter 12-Part 1

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The 2nd War for

Independence & the

Upsurge o f Nat ional ism

1812-1824

American Pageant Chapter 12

Part 1


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On to Canada over Land &

LakesAmerica: Army ill-trained & scattered Canada important battleground Poor 3 pronged offensive strategy

Detroit, Champlain, & Niagara All beaten back

But more success on the water

British: Energy & vitality Early victory at Fort Michilmackinac

Brilliant defensive campaign Rebuffed U.S. advances in Canada

several times in 1813


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Lakes

American craft More skill

Better gunners Angry at impressment Frigatesthicker sides&

heavier firepower I.E. The onst tut on Old

Ironsides


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Lakes

Control of Great Lakes--vital Oliver Hazard Perry victory

Lake Erie Infused new life into U.S. cause

Battle of the Thames Oct. 1813 British fleeing from Lake Erie battle

Defeated by General Harrison


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Lakes

Late 1814 U.S. defending own land

Napoleon defeatedBritish no longerdistracted

British try to take New York Through river/lake route Thomas Macdonough challenges bigger

British fleet Victory forces British retreat & saves N.Y.


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Washington ur s & New OrleansDefended

"Will you believe it my sister, wehave a battle or skirmish nearthe city. I am still within soundsof the cannons, Mr. Madison comesnot. May God protect us. Twomessengers come in and asked me

to leave the capitol, I must stayhere and wait for my husband."~Dolly Madison


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Washington Burns & New

Orleans Defended

Washington ur s: The 25th of August 1814, the British marched down Constitution

Avenue bearing a flag of truce and demanded a surrender. The flag of truce--fired upon from a house. The British troops rushed into the house, put all who were in it to the

sword & then reduced the house to ashes. British then burn and destroy every building connected to thegovernment.


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Orleans Defended

Washington ur s continued: While Washington burned, the President and his cabinet fled westward

in to the hills of Virginia. At the White House, Mrs. Madison was persuaded to leave. British soldiers arrived at the President's house & found a dinner

prepared for 40 people. They first ate every bit of food and drank every bottle of wine, thendestroyed the White House


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Orleans Defended

Fort McHenry & the Star Spangled Banner: Francis Scott Key

September 1814, Baltimore, an attorney Went aboard British ship to negotiate releaseof a prisoner

Not allowed to leave until after Britishattacked Fort Mc Henry

Had to watch heavy bombardment on his owncountry for 25 hours.


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Orleans Defended

Fort McHenry & the Star Spangled Banner: Francis Scott Keys feelings are best described

in his own words, from a speech he deliveredyears later at Frederick, Md., before a home-town audience:


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Orleans Defended

I saw the flag of my country waving over acitythe strength and pride of my nativeStatea city devoted to plunder and

desolation by its assailants. I witnessed thepreparation for its assaults, and I saw thearray of its enemies as they advanced to theattack. I heard the sound of battle; the noise ofthe conflict fell upon my listening ear, and toldme that the brave and the free had met theinvaders.


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Orleans Defended

In the same speech, he described how his tense emotionswere suddenly released at the sight of the Americanflag still waving defiantly over the ramparts of Fort

McHenry at dawn on September 14:Through the clouds of the war the stars of that bannerstill shone in my view, and I saw the discomfited hostof its assailants driven back in ignominy to their

ships. Then, in that hour of deliverance and joyfultriumph, my heart spoke; and Does not such a countryand such defenders of their country deserve a song?was its question. With it came an inspiration not to beresisted...


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Orleans Defended

Andrew Jackson (Battle of HorseshoeBend)

Battle of New Orleans: British superior in #, but Mistakenly attacked entrenched U.S. Victory occurred 2 weeks after Treaty of

Ghent Brought wave of nationalism British reaction--naval blockade

Hurt U.S. economy & bankrupt Treasury


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The Treaty o f Ghent

Tsar Alexander I offered to mediate Met in Ghent (in Belgium) in 1814

U.S. diplomats included John Quincy Adams &Henry Clay British made sweeping demands Americans rejected News of British losescompromise Signed Dec. 24, 1814 Not One Inch of Territory Ceded or Lost


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Federal ist Grievances & the Hartfo rd

Convent ion

Defiant New England Worsened by Blockade Extremists Blue Light Federalists

Hartford Convention--1814 Minoritysuccession Majorityaddress grievances

Financial assistance, Amendment for embargoes, abolish 3/5Clause Single term presidents, no successive presidents from same state

Arrived in D.C. same time as news of New Orleans & Ghent

Envoys slunk away in disgrace and into obscurity


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The 2ndWar for American

Independence

War globally unimportant; huge consequence in U.S. New respect for U.S. forces & diplomats Sectionalism(temporarily) discredited Andrew Jackson & William Henry Harrison

War heroes & future presidents

Indian cede more land in treaties

Manufacturing prospered Rush-Bagot agreement 1817

Reduce naval arms in Great Lakes

Leads to longest unguarded border in world
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:RichardRush.jpeg


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Nascen t National ism

By-product of warNationalism National literature

Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper

American scenes & themes American textbooks

ArtAmerican landscapes

Revived Bank of United Stated1816 Army expanded Navymore glory w/victories

sound beating to Barbary pirates


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The American System

After warBritish dumping manufactured goods Tariff of 1816sole purpose--protective tariff

American System

Henry Clay Strong Banking system Protective tariffs Network of roads & canals

Better transportation needed in west (& why Canada battles lost) Madison vetoes $1.5 million given to state for internal

improvements not Constitutional Individuals statesown construction programs


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The So-Cal led Era o f Good

Feelings

James Monroe Election of 1816

Won 183 to 34 in Electoral College

VA Dynasty Level headed & sober Goodwill tour

Received well even in Federalist New England Era of Good feelings--unity

Misnomersectionalism, etc. brewing


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The Pan ic o f 1819 & the Curse of

Hard Times

Panic of 1819 1st panic since Washington Over-speculation of frontier lands

Wildcat western banks Bank of United States forces them to foreclose

on farms Bank of U.S. financial devil to west

Poor classesmost severe Seeds of future Jacksonian Democracy Leads to remedial legislation for treatment of

debtors


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Grow ing Pains o f the West

1791-18199 new frontier statesFree or Slave? Westward movement Cheap land appealed to European immigrants

Land exhaustion in South Economic distress, i.e. embargo Building of highways, i.e. Cumberland Road Steamboat

Land Act of1820 80 acres for $1.25 an acre

West needs: cheap money & transportation


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Slavery & the Sect ional

Balance

Missouri applies for statehood1819 Tallmadge amendment

No more slaves brought in Gradual emancipation of next generation of slaves Southerners defeat law in the Senate Worrieddangerous precedent towards abolition?

Sectional Congress North more populousmajority in House Equal representation in Senate (11 slave/free each)

Slavery issue increases as a moral question


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The Uneasy Missour i

Compromise 1820Proposed by Henry Clay:

Missouri (slave) Maine (free) (kept even Senate)

No slavery north of the line 36 30exceptMissouri

Neither North or South pleased

Postponed sectional conflict James Monroeelection of 1820

Popularity overshadowed unpopular compromise

Received all E V but 1 (only GW unanimous)

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