“adventure on a hot air alloon”€¦ · poster. essential activity p.7.5c.3 (periodic table)-...

Continuity of Learning Assignments

Grade: 7th grade Subject: Science

Day 31 and 32 Day 33 and 34 Day 35 and 36 Day 37 and 38 Day 39 and 40

Essential Activity P.7.5B.2 (Gas Laws)-

• Students need to complete the gas laws card matching.

Essential Activity P.7.5B.2 (Gas Laws)-

• Students need to read and complete “Adventure on a Hot Air Balloon” article.

Essential Activity P.7.5C.3 (Periodic Table)-

• Students need to complete the element poster.


• Students need to complete elements activities.


• Students need to complete periodic table scavenger hunt.

Extension

1. Complete Boyle’s Law Experiment.

2. Complete one assigned activity on Stemscopes.

Extension 1. Complete Charles’

Law Experiment. 2. Complete one

assigned activity on Stemscopes.

Extension 1. Complete one


Extension 1. Complete periodic

table outdoor activity. 2. Complete one


Extension 1. Complete periodic

table outdoor activity. 2. Complete one


Card Match - The Gas Laws Directions: Circle the correct answer inside of each box.

Card Match- The Gas Laws Boyle’s Law Charles’s Law

Definition

A. Volume and temperature are directly proportional.

B. Pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

A. Volume and temperature are directly proportional.

B. Pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

Formula A. P1V1 = P2V2

B. V1T1= V2

T'

A. P1V1 = P2V2

B. V1T1= V2

T'

Simplified A. Vá Tá and Vâ Tâ

B. Pá Vâ and Pâ Vá

A. Vá Tá and Vâ Tâ

B. Pá Vâ and Pâ Vá

Example 1

A. Car tires get larger in the summer as it becomes hotter.

B. Aerosol cans release a spray when a button is pushed.

A. Car tires get larger in the summer as it becomes hotter.

B. Aerosol cans release a spray when a button is pushed.

Example 2

A. Inhaling increases the air pressure in your lungs.

B. A hot air balloon fills when air is heated.

A. Inhaling increases the air pressure in your lungs.

B. A hot air balloon fills when air is heated.

Example 3

A. Bread rises as it is baked in an oven.

B. A can of soda fizzes when you open it.

A. Bread rises as it is baked in an oven.

B. A can of soda fizzes when you open it.

Adventure on a Hot Air Balloon

© 2013 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved.


The wind is starting to blow stronger, and when you’re riding in a basket under a hot air balloon, just 400 feet above ground, that’s not necessarily a good thing. Keith Rodriguez looks to the horizon and squints. He had planned to take off from Scioto Downs, a horse racetrack south of Columbus, Ohio, fly a few miles north, and land his balloon in a barren cornfield next to his pickup truck. Then the wind changed. Instead of a light breeze from the south, now Rodriguez’s bright red balloon is getting hit by stronger, colder winds from the west. He has plenty of propane fuel in his tank—he probably could ride the wind halfway to Pennsylvania. But that would be dangerous. Rodriguez’s choice of landing sites just became very limited. As the balloon switches direction and floats east, everything below becomes a wide carpet of suburban sprawl—big‐box stores, major highways, strip malls. Beyond the stores lie forests. The only factor in Rodriguez’s favor is that it’s early, just after 7 a.m. The highways are filling up with people driving to work, but otherwise the morning is quiet and still. “Oh boy,” Rodriguez thinks. “If I don’t land, like now, this could get bad.” The balloon has no propeller or engine, so Rodriguez can’t change direction on his own—he’s entirely dependent on the wind. The only thing he controls is altitude. He does this by changing the properties of two invisible gases: air and propane. Sitting on the floor of the wicker gondola are three tanks of propane, compressed to its liquid form. The tanks are connected via black rubber hoses to two burners overhead. Each burner is nearly as big as Rodriguez’s head.



Rodriguez turns a knob on one side of the burners. This releases propane from a tank into the heating coil, where it is ignited by a pilot light. This heats the propane from a liquid into a gas. The gas catches fire, and flames leap two feet high into the balloon. The balloon rises. Rodriguez has a plan in mind. The flame heats the air inside the nylon balloon. This works on a simple principle: hot air is lighter than cold air. One cubic foot of air weighs about an ounce. If you heat that air by 100 degrees, its weight drops by about 7 grams. So every foot of heated air inside Rodriguez’s balloon can lift about 7 grams. Just by himself, Rodriguez weighs 170 pounds, which equals 77,110 grams. That means he needs about 11,015 cubic feet of hot air just to raise his own body off the ground. This is why hot air balloons are so big—they must trap tremendous amounts of heated air. Rodriguez’s balloon is a common size, trapping about 100,000 square feet of air. The balloon is 90 feet tall and 65 feet wide. As Rodriguez gives his short burst of flame, the air inside swirls in complicated, invisible patterns. Little of it escapes out the hole in the bottom—instead, it cools off gradually by coming into contact with the surrounding air outside the balloon’s thin nylon wall. As this happens, the balloon gradually sinks. To drop altitude more quickly, Rodriguez can pull a cord attached to a parachute valve at the very top of the balloon. Since the hottest air sits at the top, this releases the balloon’s most buoyant air and increases the speed of descent. Rodriguez gives the cord a short pull, and the gondola drops. “I don’t have an altimeter, and I can’t really see anything happening inside the balloon,” Rodriguez thinks. “I have to pilot by feel.” Pushed by the wind, the balloon is flying quickly now. It’s floating over the back wall of a Wal‐Mart when Rodriguez grabs hold of the parachute valve cord and gives it a long, hard tug. The balloon drops. Quickly. The hot air balloon is sinking, but still flying forward. It looks as though it’s about to slam into the edge of Wal‐Mart’s roof but it sails over it, with only about 15 feet to spare. Still, Rodriguez does not let go of the cord. He drops and drops, right between the light poles of the nearly empty parking lot. Just a few feet above the ground, Rodriguez releases the parachute cord, turns the knob above his head and fires both burners. The steep descent slows. The gondola touches lightly against the asphalt, and then drags to a stop. There are only two people in the parking lot, standing near the entrance to the store. They look toward the balloon, their eyes and mouths open wide in shock. “That was a little closer than I expected,” Rodriguez says to himself, laughing. “I really needed to land quick.”

Questions: Adventure on a Hot Air Balloon

Name: _____________ Date: _______________________ 1. What makes landing the hot air balloon a challenge?

A the gondola B the wind C the parking lot D the time of day

2. What problem does Keith Rodriguez solve?

A how to fly from Ohio to Pennsylvania in his hot air balloon B how to increase the altitude of his hot air balloon C how to safely land his hot air balloon D how to change direction on his own in his hot air balloon

3. A hot air balloon floats because the air inside the balloon is warmer than the air outside of it. What information from the story supports this statement?

A Hot air is lighter than cold air. B One cubic foot of air weighs about an ounce. C The air inside the balloon swirls in complicated, invisible patterns. D The hot air balloon is sinking, but still flying forward.

4. Based on information in the passage, what would make a good landing area for a hot air balloon?

A a large, open space with no buildings B a large space with lots of tall buildings C a small, narrow space near a highway D a small space, such as the roof of a building

5. What is this story mainly about?

A a hot air balloon that scares lots of people when it lands in a parking lot B a hot air balloon that does not work properly C a person who gets stuck up in the air and does not know what to do D a person trying to land a hot air balloon in difficult conditions


1

elements.wlonk.com

Element Name

Description

Symbol Atomic Number

Student Name

Uses or Occurrences

Picture

Solid, liquid, or gas? Metal, non-metal, or metalloid? Color? Radioactive?

Used in what human-made things? Occurs in what natural things?

Draw a picture of something that contains this element.

© 2005–2016 Keith Enevoldsen elements.wlonk.com Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Alkali Earth M

etalsA

lkali Metals

Transition Metals

Superheavy Elements

Rare Earth Metals

Actinide Metals

Noble Gases

Halogens

Metalloids

Poor

Metals

Nonmetals

NonmetalsMetals

H

The color of the symbol isthe color of the element inits most common pure form.Examples

top ten elements by weightHuman Body

top eight elements by weightEarth's Crust

ferromagnetic at room temperatureMagnetic

Solid

Liquid

at roomtemperature

Gas

corrosion-resistantNoble Metals

all isotopes are radioactiveRadioactive

less than a millionth percent of earth's crustOnly Traces Found in Nature

only made by peopleNever Found in Nature

AtomicSymbol

Name

Symbols

AtomicNumbernumber of

protons

How it is (or was) usedor where it occurs in nature

_____ium

Widgets

A Z

Color Key

red liquidcolorless gas

metallic solid

radioactive, never found in nature, no uses except atomic research

Superheavy Elements

radioactive, never found in nature, no uses except atomic research

Sun andStars

H 1Hydrogen

Batteries

Li 3Lithium

Emeralds

Be 4Beryllium

Salt

Na 11Sodium

Chlorophyll

Mg 12Magnesium

Fruits andVegetables

K 19Potassium

Shells andBones

Ca 20Calcium

GlobalNavigation

Rb 37Rubidium

Fireworks

Sr 38Strontium

Bicycles

Sc 21Scandium

Aerospace

Ti 22Titanium

Lasers

Y 39Yttrium

ChemicalPipelines

Zr 40Zirconium

Springs

V 23Vanadium

StainlessSteel

Cr 24Chromium

Mag LevTrains

Nb 41Niobium

CuttingTools

Mo 42Molybdenum

Earthmovers

Mn 25Manganese

Fe 26Iron

RadioactiveDiagnosis

Tc 43Technetium

ElectricSwitches

Ru 44Ruthenium

Magnets

Co 27Cobalt

Coins

Ni 28Nickel

SearchlightReflectors

Rh 45Rhodium

PollutionControl

Pd 46Palladium

ElectricWires

Cu 29Copper

BrassInstruments

Zn 30Zinc

Jewelry

Ag 47Silver

Paint

Cd 48Cadmium

SportsEquipment

B 5Boron

Basis of Life'sMolecules

C 6Carbon

Airplanes

Al 13Aluminum

Stone, Sand,and Soil

Si 14Silicon

Protein

N 7Nitrogen

Air

O 8Oxygen

Bones

P 15Phosphorus

Eggs

S 16Sulfur

Light-EmittingDiodes (LEDs)

Ga 31Gallium

SemiconductorElectronics

Ge 32Germanium

Liquid CrystalDisplays (LCDs)

In 49Indium

PlatedFood Cans

Sn 50Tin

Poison

As 33Arsenic

Copiers

Se 34Selenium

CarBatteries

Sb 51Antimony

ThermoelectricCoolers

Te 52Tellurium

PhotographyFilm

Br 35Bromine

Flashlights

Kr 36Krypton

Disinfectant

I 53Iodine

High-IntensityLamps

Xe 54Xenon

Toothpaste

F 9Fluorine

AdvertisingSigns

Ne 10Neon

SwimmingPools

Cl 17Chlorine

Light Bulbs

Ar 18Argon

Balloons

He 2Helium

AtomicClocks

Cs 55Cesium

X-RayDiagnosis

Ba 56Barium

LaserAtom Traps

Fr 87

119

Francium

LuminousWatches

Ra 88

120

Radium

57 - 71

89 - 103

121...

NuclearSubmarines

MobilePhones

Hf 72Hafnium

Rf 104Rutherfordium

Ta 73Tantalum

LampFilaments

W 74Tungsten

Db 105Dubnium

Sg 106Seaborgium

RocketEngines

Re 75Rhenium

Pen Points

Os 76Osmium

Bh 107Bohrium

Hs 108Hassium

Spark Plugs

Ir 77Iridium

Labware

Pt 78Platinum

Mt 109Meitnerium

110

Jewelry

Au 79Gold

Thermometers

Hg 80Mercury

111 112

Low-TemperatureThermometers

Tl 81Thallium

Weights

Pb 82Lead

113 114

FireSprinklers

Bi 83Bismuth

Anti-StaticBrushes

Po 84Polonium

115 116

RadioactiveMedicine

At 85Astatine

SurgicalImplants

Rn 86Radon

117 118

TelescopeLenses

La 57Lanthanum

RadioactiveMedicine

Ac 89Actinium

LighterFlints

Ce 58Cerium

Torchworkers'Eyeglasses

Pr 59Praseodymium

Gas LampMantles

Th 90Thorium

RadioactiveWaste

Pa 91Protactinium

Electric MotorMagnets

Nd 60Neodymium

LuminousDials

Pm 61Promethium

NuclearPower

U 92Uranium

RadioactiveWaste

Np 93Neptunium

Electric MotorMagnets

Sm 62Samarium

ColorTelevisions

Eu 63Europium

NuclearWeapons

Pu 94Plutonium

SmokeDetectors

Am 95Americium

MRIDiagnosis

Gd 64Gadolinium

FluorescentLamps

Tb 65Terbium

MineralAnalyzers

Cm 96Curium

RadioactiveWaste

Bk 97Berkelium

Smart MaterialActuators

Dy 66Dysprosium

LaserSurgery

Ho 67Holmium

MineralAnalyzers

Cf 98Californium

Es 99Einsteinium

Optical FiberCommunications

Er 68Erbium

LaserSurgery

Tm 69Thulium

Fm 100Fermium

Md 101Mendelevium

ScientificFiber Lasers

Yb 70Ytterbium

PhotodynamicMedicine

Lu 71Lutetium

No 102Nobelium

Lr 103Lawrencium

DarmstadtiumDs

RoentgeniumRg

SteelStructures

Copernicium LivermoriumFleroviumCn Fl Lv

MoscoviumMc

NihoniumNh

TennessineTs

OganessonOg

Period

s

RareEarthMetals

ActinideMetals

AlkaliMetalsGroup 1

AlkaliEarthMetals

2

3 4 5 6 7 8

Transition Metals

9 10 11 12

CarbonGroup14

BoronGroup13

NitrogenGroup15

Halogens17

OxygenGroup16

NobleGases18

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

7

RareEarthMetals

ActinideMetals

The Periodic Table of the Elements, in Pictures

© 2005–2016 Keith Enevoldsen elements.wlonk.com Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

An atom has a nucleus, made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons orbiting in cloud-like shells. Smaller shells are surrounded by larger shells.The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. This determines the chemical properties of the atom.Protons have positive electric charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative. Normally, an atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons. An ion is a charged atom with more or fewer electrons than protons.The atomic weight of an element is the average number of protons plus neutrons. You can easily estimate the atomic weight: it is usually 2 to 2.5 times the atomic number.An element is a substance made from one or more atoms of the same atomic number. A compound is a substance made from two or more elements chemically bonded.

Atoms form molecules by bonding together. Atoms give, take, or share electrons to achieve full outer electron shells.

Elements in the same group, or column, are similar because they typically have the same number of outer electrons. This table shows some easy-to-remember common numbers for each group.

Ionic bondOne atom takes an

electron from another atom and the oppositely

charged ions attract.

Covalent bondAtoms share their outer electrons.

Metallic bondShared outer

electrons flow, conducting heat and electricity.

Atoms Chemical Bonding

Na Cl

Na+ Cl- H HO

H HO

Salt SilverWater

Ag Ag

Ag Ag Ag

AgAg

Groups

Nucleus ofprotons andneutrons

Electronshells

The valence number is the number of electronsgiven (+) or taken (-) when bonding.

2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 1811+1

Group numberOuter electrons*Valence number*

2+2

2+2

3+3

4+4,-4

5-3

6-2

7-1

80

* typical

ParticlesProtonNeutronElectron

+10-1

Radioactivity. Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Some isotopes are stable; others are radioactive — their nuclei eventually disintegrate. The radioactive half-life is the time for half the nuclei to disintegrate. On this chart, an element is called long-lived if the half-life of any of its isotopes is more than one year; otherwise it is called short-lived.

radioactive, short-lived; never found in nature, no uses except atomic research

radioactive, short-lived; never found in nature, no uses except atomic research

Superheavy Elements

high-melting-pointnon-corroding

metal;labware,

surgical tools,artificial joints,

capacitors,mobile phones

Hydrogen 1

3 4

11 12

Lithium Beryllium

Sodium Magnesium

Potassium Calcium

Helium

Fluorine NeonNitrogen OxygenBoron Carbon

Chlorine ArgonPhosphorus SulfurAluminum Silicon

Bromine KryptonArsenic SeleniumGallium GermaniumCopper ZincCobalt NickelManganese IronVanadium ChromiumScandium Titanium

Rubidium Strontium Rhodium PalladiumTechnetium RutheniumNiobium MolybdenumYttrium Zirconium

Cesium Barium Iridium PlatinumRhenium OsmiumTantalum TungstenHafnium

Francium Radium

Iodine XenonAntimony TelluriumIndium TinSilver Cadmium

Astatine RadonBismuth PoloniumThallium LeadGold Mercury

Ytterbium LutetiumErbium ThuliumDysprosium HolmiumGadolinium Terbium

CaliforniumNobelium LawrenciumFermium MendeleviumEinsteinium

Curium Berkelium

Samarium EuropiumNeodymium PromethiumCerium PraseodymiumLanthanum

Plutonium AmericiumUranium NeptuniumThorium ProtactiniumActinium

5 6

2

7 8 9 10

17 1815 1613 14

35 3633 3431 Ge 32

53 5451 5249 50

85 8683 8481 82

70 7168 6966 67

102 103100 10198 9996 9794 9592 93

64 6562 6360 61

79 8077 7875 76

47 4845 4643 44

29 3027 2825 2623 2421 2219 20

41 4239 4037 38

73 7472

104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

55 56

58 59

91

57

89 90

87 88

119 120

57 - 71

89 - 103

121...

explosive gas,lightest element;90% of atoms in

the universe,sun and stars,water (H20),life's organic

molecules

lightest metal,soft, reactive;

lightweightaluminum alloys,

batteries,impact-resistant

ceramic cookware,mood stabilizer

lightweight metal;non-sparking

copper alloy tools,aerospace,

X-ray windows,beryl gems:

emeralds andaquamarines

soft metal,reactive;

salt (NaCl), nerves,baking soda,

antacids, lye, soap,soda ash, glass,papermaking,street lamps

lightweight metal;chlorophyll ingreen plants,talc, basalt,

aluminum alloys,cars, planes, bikes,flares, sparklers,

antacids

inert gas, secondlightest element;

nuclear fusionin sun and stars,

balloons,lasers,

supercoldrefrigerant

yellowishpoison gas,

most reactiveelement;

glowing fluorite,toothpaste,

nonstick cookware,CFC refrigerants

inert gas;orange-red

neon tubes foradvertising signs,

lasers,supercold

refrigerant

colorless gas;78% of air,

organic molecules,protein, muscles,DNA, ammonia,

fertilizer,explosives (TNT),

refrigerants

colorless gas;21% of air, H2O,65% of the body,organic molecules,blood, breathing,

fire, half ofEarth's crust,

minerals, oxides

hard black solid;borax soap,fertilizer,

stiff fibers,sports equipment,

heat-resistantborosilicate glass,semiconductors

hard diamond,soft graphite;basis of life's

organic molecules,animals, plants,

CO2, wood, paper,cloth, plastic,

coal, oil, gasoline

greenish poison gas;salt (NaCl), bleach,

stomach acid,disinfectant,

drinking water,swimming pools,

PVC plasticpipes and bottles

inert gas;1% of air,

most abundantinert gas,

light bulbs,"neon" tubes,

lasers,welding gas

glowing white waxysolid (also red

and black forms);bones, DNA,

energy-storingphosphates (ATP),fertilizer, acids,

detergent, matches

brittle yellow solid;skin, hair,

eggs, onions,garlic, skunks,hot springs,

volcanos, gypsum,rubber, acids,papermaking

lightweight non-corroding metal;

kitchenware, cans,foil, machinery,

cars, planes, bikes,feldspar, granite,

clay, ceramics,corundum, gems

hard metalloid;quartz, granite,sand, soil, clay,ceramics, glass,algae, diatoms,

semiconductors,computer chips,silicone rubber

dark red liquid;disinfectant,

pools and spas,photo film,

flame retardant,leaded gasoline,

sedatives

inert gas;high-intensity

lamps, headlights,flashlights,lanterns,

"neon" tubes,lasers

brittle metalloid;poisons,

semiconductors,light-emittingdiodes (LEDs)

(GaAs),signal lights,tiny lasers

brittle gray solid;photocopiers,laser printers,

photocells,red glass,

dandruff shampoo,rubber

soft metal, meltson a hot day;

semiconductors,light-emittingdiodes (LEDs)

(GaAs),signal lights,tiny lasers

brittle metalloid;semiconductors,

transistors,rectifiers, diodes,

photocells,lenses,

infrared windows

colored metal,conducts heat andelectricity well;wires, cookware,brass (Cu-Zn),

bronze (Cu-Sn),coins, pipes,

blue crab blood

non-corrodingmetal;

galvanized steel,brass (Cu-Zn),

batteries, whitepaint, phosphorsin TVs and lamps,

fertilizer

hard metal,magnetic;

hard strong steel,cutting tools,

turbines,magnets (Al-Ni-Co),blue glass, ceramics,

vitamin B-12

medium-hardmetal, magnetic;stainless steel

(Fe-Cr-Ni),kitchenware,

nichrome heaters,nicad batteries,

coins, Earth's core

hard metal;hard tough steel,

earthmovers,rock crushers,

rails, plows, axes,batteries,fertilizer,amethysts

medium-hardmetal, magnetic;

steel alloysare mostly iron,

structures,vehicles, magnets,

Earth's core,red rocks, blood

hard shiny metal;stainless steel

(Fe-Cr-Ni),kitchenware,

nichrome heaters,car trim, paints,recording tape,

emeralds & rubies

non-corrodinghard shiny metal;

labware,reflectors,

electric contacts,thermocouples,

catalyst,pollution control

non-corrodinghard metal,

absorbs hydrogen;labware,

electric contacts,dentistry,catalyst,

pollution control

radioactive,long-lived;

first human-madeelement, only

traces on Earthbut found in stars,

medicaldiagnostic tracer

non-corrodinghard metal;

electric contacts,leaf switches,

pen tips,catalyst,hydrogen

production

high-melting-pointmetal;

hard steel,cutting tools,

drill bits,armor plate,gun barrels,fertilizer

non-corrodingdense metal;

labware,spark plugs,

catalyst,pollution control,

petroleum cracking,processing fats

high-melting-pointdense metal;

rocket engines,heater coils,lab filaments,

electric contacts,thermocouples,

catalyst

non-corrodinghard metal,

densest element(same as osmium);

labware,spark plugs,

pen tips, needles

non-corrodinghigh-melting-point

hard metal,densest element(same as iridium);electric contacts,pen tips, needles,

fingerprint powder

highest-melting-point metal, dense;

filaments inlamps and TVs,cutting tools,

abrasives,thermocouples

violet-black solid;disinfectant for

wounds anddrinking water,added to salt

to preventthyroid disease,

photo film

inert gas;high-intensity

lamps, headlights,stadium lamps,

projectors,strobes, lasers,

spacecraftion engines

brittle metalloid;solders,

lead hardener,batteries, bullets,semiconductors,

photocells,matches,

flame retardant

brittle metalloid;alloys,

semiconductors,photocopiers,

computer disks,thermo-electric

coolers andgenerators

soft metal;solders,

glass seals,glass coatings,liquid crystal

displays (LCDs),semiconductors,

diodes, photocells

non-corrodingsoft metal;

solders,plated food cans,bronze (Cu-Sn),

pewter cups,glassmaking,

fire sprinklers

soft shiny metal,conducts

electricity bestof all elements;

jewelry,silverware, coins,

dentistry,photo film

non-corrodingsoft metal, toxic;

electroplatedsteel,

nicad batteries,red and yellow

paints,fire sprinklers

radioactive,short-lived;small traces

in nature,cancer medicine

radioactive gas,short-lived;

environmentalhazard,

surgical implantsfor cancertreatment

low-melting-pointbrittle metal;solders, fuses,fire sprinklers

(plugs meltwhen hot),

cosmetics pigment


first radioactiveelement found,

small tracesin nature,

anti-static brushes,tobacco

soft metal,toxic;

low-melting-pointmercury alloys,

low-temperaturethermometers,undersea lamps,

photocells

dense, soft,non-corrodingmetal, toxic;

weights, solders,batteries, bullets,

crystal glass,old plumbing,

radiation shield

most malleableelement, densenon-tarnishingcolored metal;jewelry, coins,

ultra-thingold leaf,

electric contacts

liquid metal,toxic;

thermometers,barometers,thermostats,street lamps,

fluorescent lamps,dentistry


salts, nerves,nutrients in fruits

and vegetables,soap, fertilizer,potash, matches,

gunpowder

soft metal;bones, teeth, milk,leaves, vegetables,

shells, coral,limestone, chalk,gypsum, plaster,mortar, cement,marble, antacids

hard metal;hard strong

resilient steel,structures,

vehicles, springs,driveshafts, tools,

aerospace,violet sapphires

soft lightweightmetal;

aluminum alloys,racing bikes,

stadium lamps,furnace bricks,

aquamarines

strongestlightweight metal,

heat-resistant;aerospace,

racing bikes,artificial joints,

white paint,blue sapphires


atomic clocks,global navigation

(GPS),vacuum tubescavenger

soft metal;red fireworks,

flares,phosphors,

nuclear batteries,medical

diagnostic tracer,nuclear fallout

high-melting-pointnon-corroding

metal;chemical pipelines,superconductors,

magneticlevitation trains,

MRI magnets

soft metal;phosphors incolor TVs,

lasers (YAG, YLF),furnace bricks,

high-temperaturesuperconductors

non-corrodingneutron-resistant

metal;chemical pipelines,nuclear reactors,furnace bricks,

abrasives,zircon gems

soft metal, meltson a hot day,

reactive, largeststable atoms;atomic clocks,

global navigation(GPS), vacuumtube scavenger

soft metal,absorbs X-rays;stomach X-ray

contrast enhancer,green fireworks,

whitener and fillerfor paper, plastic,

and rubber

non-corrodingmetal,

absorbs neutrons;nuclear reactorcontrol rods in

submarines,plasma torchelectrodes

radioactive,short-lived

atoms largerthan cesium;small traces

in nature,studied in

laser atom traps


luminous watches(now banned),medical radonproduction,radiography,

radwaste

soft metal;fiber optic

signal amplifiers,infrared

fiber lasers,stainless steel

alloys

soft metal,densest and

hardestrare earth metal;cancer-fightingphotodynamic

(light-activated)medicine

soft metal;fiber optic

signal amplifiers,infrared lasers,laser surgery,

pink glass,sunglasses,

vanadium alloys

soft metal;rarest stable

rare earth metal,infrared lasers,laser surgery,

phosphors

soft metal;nuclear

control rods,MRI phosphors,computer disks,magnetostrictivesmart materials(Terfenol-D®)

soft metal;infrared lasers,laser surgery,eye-safe laserrangefinders,

computer disks,yellow glass filters

soft metal, bestneutron absorber,

magnetic;magnetic resonance

imaging (MRI)contrast enhancer,phosphors, neutron

radiography

soft metal;phosphors incolor TVs and

trichromatic lamps,computer disks,magnetostrictivesmart materials(Terfenol-D®)


never foundin nature,scientific

instruments,mineral analyzers,

radwaste


never foundin nature,scientific

instruments,mineral analyzers,

radwaste


never foundin nature,no uses,

radwaste

soft metal;magnets (Sm-Co),electric motors,

speakers andheadphones,

infrared sensors,infrared-absorbing

glass

soft metal;phosphors incolor TVs and

trichromatic lamps,luminous paint,

lasers

soft metal;strong magnets

(Nd-Fe-B),electric motors,

speakers andheadphones,

lasers,lighter flints


human-made,small traces

in nature,luminous dials,

sheet thicknessgauges

soft metal;most abundant

rare earth metal,lighter flints,

gas lamp mantles,self-cleaning

ovens,glass polishing

soft metal;torchworkers'didymium eye-

glasses (Pr-Nd),lighter flints,

arc lamps,magnets,

yellow glass

soft metal;optical glass,

telescopeeyepieces,

camera lenses,lighter flints,

arc lamps


small tracesin nature,nuclear

reactor fuel,spacecraft power,nuclear weapons


never foundin nature,

smoke detectors,sheet thickness

gauges,radwaste

radioactive,long-lived, dense;

nuclearreactor fuel,

nuclear weapons,counterweights,armor piercing

bullets



neutron detectors,dosimeters,

nuclear weapons,radwaste


most abundantradioactive element,

nuclearreactor fuel,

gas lamp mantles,tungsten filaments


small tracesin nature,no uses,

radwaste



cancer medicine,neutron source,

radwaste

Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium

H

Li Be

Na Mg

B C

He

N O F Ne

Cl ArP SAl Si

Br KrAs SeGa

I XeSb TeIn Sn

At RnBi PoTl Pb

Yb LuEr TmDy Ho

No LrFm MdCf EsCm BkPu AmU Np

Gd TbSm EuNd Pm

Au HgIr PtRe Os

Ag CdRh PdTc Ru

Cu ZnCo NiMn FeV CrSc TiK Ca

Nb MoY ZrRb Sr

Ta WHf

Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt

Cs Ba

Ce Pr

Pa

La

Ac Th

Fr Ra Ds RgCopernicium

CnFlerovium

FlLivermorium

LvNihonium

NhMoscovium

McTennessine

TsOganesson

Og

Group 1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1413 15 1716

18

Period

s

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

7

Hydrogen belongs to no definite group. It forms compounds by either donating an electron like an alkali metal or accepting an electron like a halogen.

Alkali Metals are very reactive and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. They form salts and alkali (acid-neutralizing) compounds such as baking soda. In pure form, they are very soft metals which catch fire on contact with water.

Alkali Earth Metals are reactive and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. Their oxides are called alkali earths. In pure form, they are soft and somewhat brittle metals.

Metalloids are partly like metals and partly like nonmetals. For example, they are semiconductors, which means they conduct electricity in some conditions.

Nonmetals, in their solid state, are usually brittle (they break rather than bend) and they are insulators of both heat and electricity.

Halogens are reactive nonmetals and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. They combine with alkali metals to form salts (halogen means salt-former).

Noble Gases are inactive, or inert. Each atom has exactly the number of electrons it needs to have a full outer shell, so these atoms almost never bond with other atoms. That is why these are all gases.

Rare Earth Metals are all soft metals. They are chemically similar to scandium and yttrium and are difficult to separate from each other.

Actinide Metals are all radioactive heavy metals. They are used mainly for their radioactive properties.

Transition Metals are typical metals: they are strong, shiny, malleable (they can be hammered into shape), flexible (in thin sheets or wires), and they conduct both heat and electricity.

Poor Metals are usually soft and have low melting temperatures.

RareEarthMetals

ActinideMetals

The Periodic Table of the Elements, in Words

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E lements in Chemica l Compounds All matter is made up of elements. Elements are pure substances containing only one type of atom. When chemical reactions occur, atoms bond together to form molecules and compounds. A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond together. Compounds are molecules that contain two or more atoms of different elements chemically combined in fixed proportions. All known elements are listed on the Periodic Table. Below is a list of chemical compounds. The number that appears below the chemical symbol tells you how many atoms of the element are present in the molecule. If no number appears then only one atom of that element is present in the molecule. For example, chemical formula for water is H2O. Therefore, each molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Identify the elements present in each compound and write the full names in the space provided.

CO2 _______________ _______________

NH3 _______________ _______________

NaCl _______________ _______________

H2O2 _______________ _______________

C3H8O3 _______________ _______________ _______________

XeF6 _______________ _______________

WTe2 _______________ _______________

Au2O3 _______________ _______________

CaCO3 _______________ _______________ _______________

SnBrCl3 _______________ _______________ _______________

YBa2Cu3O7 _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

NH4SCN _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

ZnCr2O4 _______________ _______________ _______________

Yb2S3 _______________ _______________

LiAlSi2O6 _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

Sr2RuO4 _______________ _______________ _______________

C6H12O6 _______________ _______________ _______________

C8H10N4O2 _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

(NH4)H2AsO4 _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

C55H72O5N4Mg _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

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Elemental Messages

Learning to use the Periodic Table involves learning to identify the patterns within it. You will notice that elements are organized by their Atomic Number. The atomic number of each element is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element. All atoms of Hydrogen have one proton in the nucleus. All atoms of helium have two protons in the nucleus, etc.

As you move from left to right across a row or period of the periodic table, the atomic radius decreases. As you move from top to bottom down a column or group of the periodic table, the atomic radius increases.

Write the chemical symbol for the atomic numbers below to spell out a NeAt elemental message.

He ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

2 3 27 78 68 16 57 60 8 7 2 3 91 110

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ & ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 87 39 44 73 56 31 16 79 4 111 49 99 49 20 102 57

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 90 85 88 6 27 8 7 1 33 88 5 53 99

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 102 53 49 52 95

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 102 75 16 84 7 14 83 3 22 99 32 10 88 52 16 35 85 16

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 53 95 71 6 19 39

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 89 58 78 90 85 39 8 92 20 7 4 4 85 85 20 14 102

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 28 58 42 90 68 35 47 16 90 85 56 83 99 4 29 52

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 16 92 6 1 53 16 3 26

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 9 8 6 92 16 8 7 39 8 92

___ ___ ___ ___ ! 6 2 68 16

Name ___________________________________________________________ Period __________Get to Know the Elements

Use the periodic table in pictures (attached) to answer the following questions!

Which elements are liquid at room temperature?

What radioactive element has the

lowest atomic number?

How many of the elements are radioactive?

Where do the radioactive elements tend to be located on the table?

Which elements are magnetic?1.2.3.

What are the top ten most abundant elements in the human body?1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Where do the elements in the human body tend to be located on the table?

What are the top eight elements found in the Earth’s crust?

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

Which elements are considered “Noble Metals”?

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

Where do the Noble Metals tend to be located on the

table?

What element is used in batteries?

What element is used in bicycles?

What element is used in making paint?

What is a major element found in our bones?

What is a major element found in chlorophyll?

How many elements are gaseous at room temperature?

Where do the gaseous elements tend to be located on the table?

What is a major element found in eggs?

Period: 1Group: 18Family: Noble Gases

ElementSymbol

AtomicNumber

Picture of Use

Use

Element Name

Use this key to fill in the missing

information in the element squares

below.

Ne

Period: Group: Family:

38


Mercury


Arsenic


Tantalum


82


Sb


Cu


63


Uranium


Os


55


Extension: Gas Laws at Home Experiments

Boyle’s Law Experiment (Classic Cartesian) • Supplies:

o Empty clear drink bottle, cleaned with labels removed o Ketchup packets or jelly packets (diver)

• Instructions: o Fill the bottle nearly to the top with water and insert your

diver. o Replace the top. o Gently squeeze the sides of the bottle.

§ What happens to the diver when you added pressure? o Release the pressure on the bottle.

§ What happens to the diver when pressure was decreased?

Charles’ Law Experiment (Microwaved Marshmallows) • Supplies:

o Microwave o Marshmallows or Ivory soap

• Instructions: o Put a marshmallow on a plate or napkin and microwave it

for a few seconds. § What happened to the marshmallows as they were

heated? § What was the connection between material expansion

and temperature?

Periodic Table Element Scavenger Hunt

Draw pictures of the following elements you’ve observed inside and outside!

Carbon (animal)

Magnesium (chlorophyll) Silicon (stone)

Scandium (bicycle)

Hydrogen (sun) Chromium (stainless steel)

Copper

Aluminum Iron

Oxygen

Potassium (fertilizer) Calcium (cement)

Sodium (street lamps)

Vanadium (vehicles) Boron (sports equipment)

Carbon (wood)

Phosphorus (detergent) Bismuth (cosmetics)

“adventure on a hot air alloon”€¦ · poster. essential activity p.7.5c.3 (periodic table)-...

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