anzacs -...

Augmenting the

ANZACsAustralian, New Zealand frigateupgrades chart separate courses

Ukrainian military moves toward endgame – p4

‘Serious questions’ remain over Syrian CW – p5

IHS Jane’sDefence Weekly27 August 2014 • Vol 51 • Issue 35 ihs.com/janes

IHS AEROSPACE, DEFENCE & SECURITY

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From the world’s leading provider of defence & security insight and information

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Headlines

4 Ukrainian military moves to endgame5 DoD may revisit 2015 budget as Iraq

operation continues6 Singapore quietly expands F-15 fleet

RAF RC-135 missions in Iraq revealed8 LAF seek to secure Saudi donation to fight

jihadistsIndia lifts ban on Denel

9 India commissions first-of-class Kolkata

The Americas

10 US Navy awards CANES contract to fivevendors

USCG’s fourth NSC passes acceptance trials11 USN conducts manned-unmanned aircraft

operations aboard carrierNorthrop Grumman starts XS-1 design

Europe

12 Austria further reduces QRA capabilitiesMBDA to upgrade Hungarian Mistrals

13 Bulgaria to direct up to 20% of defencebudget to equipment

Asia Pacific

14 China unveils ASW version of Z-8 helicopterIndonesia upgrades S China Sea naval base

15 Indonesia increases defence budget by 14%Supacat wins Australian special forces contract

Middle East/Africa

17 IDF wants more Namer APCs and Trophysystems

19 Su-24s carry out Tripoli airstrike

Business

20 Australia looks to speed up Future Frigateelements

Germany backs industrial consolidation21 Time called on An-124 production re-start

Vietnam, Czech Republic sign defencetrade deal

Briefing

22 Sailing apart: Although Australia andNew Zealand jointly procured their ANZACfrigates to a common baseline, the twonations are now following very differentcourses for their respective mid-life updateprogrammes. Richard Scott reports

30 Guam – tip of the spear: As the UnitedStates’ westernmost territory, Guam isplaying an increasingly important role.Gordon Arthur reports on progress therewith improvements to accommodate part ofthe US strategic shift to the Pacific

Interview

34 Rear Admiral Lars Saunes, Chief of theRoyal Norwegian Navy

17 30

contentsGordon

Arthur:1526633

IsraelDefense

Forces:1568265

VOLUME 51 ISSUE NO 35 • 27 August 2014

On the coverNew Zealand ANZAC frigate TeMana in Sydney Harbour, Australia.The two nations’ ANZAC frigates are

following different mid-life upgrade

programmes. (See pages 22-29)

RAN: 1526620

The first of the Royal Australian Navy’s twonew Canberra-class landing helicopter dockshas embarked on final contractor sea trials,officials announced on 19 August.

All editorial contentis available online atihs.com/janes priorto publication of thehardcopy magazine

BAESystem

s:1526644

On the webihs.com/janes

IHS Jane’sDefence Weekly

US, Croatia discuss deal that would sendhelicopters to UkraineUSAF seeks information for rocket enginereplacementAnalysis: Iraq campaign continues asObama frames war footingUS to become ReCAAP member stateSaudi Black Hawk contract awardedFirst Algerian C28A corvette launched inChinaThales Australia developing new rifle ammoF-16V radar integration clears way forTaiwan upgrade

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Ukrainian troops have continued theiroffensive aimed at clearing pro-Russianrebels from the Donetsk and Luganskregions despite strong resistance.Both theUkrainian and rebel forces are

using tracked armour, heavy artillery, androckets in the heaviest fighting seen in Europesince the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s.The operation by Ukrainian troops, under-

way for more than amonth, has pushed deepinto rebel-held regions, with fighting nowreported in the city suburbs of Donetsk andLugansk for several days.Ukrainian forces appear to be trying to cut

rebel forces in the two cities off from eachother, as well as severing land routes to theRussian border to block supplies and rein-forcements from reaching them.The rebel setbacks of the past weeks have

prompted three prominent rebel leaders –including their military commander, IgorGirkin, known as Strelkov; the politicalleader in Donetsk, Alexander Borodai; andthe rebel head in Lugansk, Valery Bolotov –to step down.TheOrganization for Security in Co-oper-

ation in Europe (OSCE) has reported dailyartillery fire in both Donetsk and Lugansk formore than a week, as well as regular break-downs in utilities because of the fighting.Rebel fighters claimed to have shot down a

UkrainianAir ForceMikoyanMiG-29 fighterjet near Lugansk on 17August, althoughaKiev government spokesman reported

that the pilot was rescued.A further air lossoccurred on 20Augustwhen aUkrainian Suk-hoi Su-25 strike aircraft was shot down overLugansk, with the pilot reportedmissing.Controversy continues to surround an

alleged incursion by an armoured columnfromRussia into eastern Ukraine on 15August. UK government sources told IHSJane’s that the column comprised some 23armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs) that weresubsequently engaged by Ukrainian artilleryand anti-tank weapons, resulting in 12AFVsbeing destroyed. TwoWestern journalistsworking just inside the Russian border con-firmed seeing the column cross into Ukrainebut did not see the reported engagement. TheRussian ForeignMinistry denied the incur-sion, calling Ukrainian claims “fabrications”.Both the Ukrainianmilitary and rebel

forces have been observed using BM-21Gradmultiple rocket launchers, which have causedwidespreadmilitary and civilian casualtiesas well as extensive damage to property andtransport infrastructure.On 7August the UN reported that at least

2,119 people had been killed in Ukraine sincethe conflict started inApril. Local authoritiesin Donetsk reported that about 951 peoplehad been killed there during the previous fivemonths of fighting. The Ukrainian govern-ment reported on 21August that about 620its military and security service personnelhad been lost in the conflict.

First published online: 22/08/14

Ukrainian militarymoves to endgameTIM RIPLEY JDW Correspondent

LONDON

HEADLINES For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes

AP/PA

:1568274

Ukrainian soldiersrest in their 2S19MSTA-S self-propelled howitzerson 14 August beforemoving to the frontline in the Donetskregion of easternUkraine. The use ofheavy weaponry byboth sides has takena considerable toll ineastern Ukraine.

Go to ihs.com/janes for analysis

EditorialEditor: Peter FelsteadAsia-Pacific Editor: James HardyEurope Editor: Nicholas de LarrinagaMiddle East/Africa Editor: Jeremy BinnieJDW Features Editor: Kate TringhamJDW Assistant Features Editor: Fay BrigdenJane’s Aviation Desk Editor: Gareth JenningsJane’s Land Desk Editor: Nick BrownJane’s Land Consultant: Christopher F FossJane’s Naval Consultant: Richard ScottJane’s Naval Desk Editor: Dr Lee WillettJane’s Defence Industry Analyst: Charles ForresterJane’s Senior Principal Industry Analyst: Guy AndersonJane’s Asia-Pacific Industry Reporter: Jon GrevattJane’s Asia-Pacific Technology Reporter: Kelvin WongJane’s Asia-Pacific Naval Reporter: Ridzwan RahmatWashington, DC, Bureau:Americas Editor: Daniel WasserblyJane’s C4ISR Reporter: Geoff FeinJane’s Aviation Reporter:Marina MalenicJane’s Naval Reporter: Grace Jean

Chief Sub Editor: Jonathan MaynardDeputy Chief Sub Editor: Thomas BrownSub Editors: Lucy Bullen, Jessica D’Alonzo, Karen Deans,Emma Donald, Glynn Garlick, Terry Gault, Niki Gouros,Piers Grimley Evans, Tracy Johnson, Susie Kornell,Deborah Miller, Sam Reynolds, Clare Welton

DesignManager, Design: David Playford

ProductionDirector EMEA, Production Services: David WardProduction Controller: Martyn Buchanane-Publishing: Edward Allen, Richard Freeman

GeneralVice President, Aerospace & Defence: Blake BartlettGroup Publishing Director: Sean HoweDirector, News and Analysis: James GreenDirector, EMEA Editing and Design: Sara MorganAdministrative Assistant: Hannah Brockwell

CorrespondentsThe Americas: Janet Tappin Coelho, Peter Diekmeyer,Diego Gonzalez, Scott Gourley, Inigo Guevara, JoséHiguera, Jeremy McDermott, Pedro Paulo Rezende,Patricia Samfelt, Cesar Cruz Tantalean. Asia-Pacific:Gordon Arthur, Rahul Bedi, Farhan Bokhari, J MichaelCole, Sebastien Falletti, Robert Foster, Julian Kerr, JoshuaKucera, Dzirhan Mahadzir, Mrityunjoy Mazumdar, GavinPhipps, Kosuke Takahashi. Europe: Victor Barreira,Guillaume Belan, Bjørnar Bolsøy, Nicholas Fiorenza, DavidIng, Bruce Jones, Reuben F Johnson, Jiri Kominek, GeorgMader, Luca Peruzzi, Tim Ripley, Lale Sariibrahimoglu,Sebastian Schulte, Karl Soper, Menno Steketee, RaduTudor, Theodore Valmas, Paolo Valpolini, Remigiusz Wilk,Middle East/Africa: Segun Adeyemi, Nicholas Blanford,Helmoed-Römer Heitman, Ellen Knickmeyer, MohammedNajib. NATO and EU Affairs: Brooks Tigner.

To order reprints of IHS Jane’s articles/features pleasecontact [email protected] or call +44 (0) 20 3253 2289.

Printed in the UK by Warners Midlands plc. Jane’sDefence Weekly is published 51 times a year at a USsubscriber rate of $580.

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Top Pentagon leaders have said the USdefence budget may need to be revisedas officials suggested they were mull-ing expanded operations against IslamicState (IS) militants in Iraq and Syria.Airstrikes against themilitants – formerly

called the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant(ISIL) – as well as humanitarian airdrops havebeen running since 7August andmaymeanthe US Department of Defense (DoD) has torevise its fiscal year 2015 (FY 2015) budgetrequest, according to Secretary of DefenseChuck Hagel.“We’ve had tomove assets over the last cou-

ple ofmonths, obviously, to accomplishwhatwe’ve accomplished in Iraq, that costsmoney,that takes certainmonies out of certain funds,so it’s a constant fluid process as you plan forthese,” he told reporters on 21August.Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)

General Martin Dempsey noted that globaland local posture adaptations for this opera-

tion have been “remarkable”, but are notwithout cost.“I think we’re fine for fiscal year [20]14

and we’ll have to continue to gather the dataand see what it does to us in [FY 20]15,” GenDempsey said.While Hagel did not say that resources

would be added or operations would acceler-ate, he did frame IS as “an imminent threat toevery interest we have, whether it’s in Iraq oranywhere else”.US President BarackObama’s administra-

tion has, since operations against IS beganin early August, used increasingly bellicoserhetoric to discuss themilitants, but the planfor addressing its ‘imminent threat’ has notbeenmade clear.GenDempsey told reporters he believes IS

“can be contained, [but] not in perpetuity”.He added that he does not think the group

can be defeated without “addressing that partof their organisation which resides in Syria”.Such an effort could occur “whenwe have acoalition in the region that takes on the taskof defeating [IS] over time”, the JCS chairman

said, noting that the group would also have tobe rejected by the Sunni people in the region.Nonetheless, Gen Dempsey said that direct

military action is one tool that the UnitedStates would continue to use if US citizensand facilities are threatened.One such action, disclosed on 20August,

was an unsuccessful attempt to rescueAmericans and others held hostage by IS. Themission reportedly occurred in early July,with several dozen special operations person-nel being ferried into Syria by helicopter andsupported by various fixed-wing air assets.US officials said they had planned to keep theoperation secret but publicised it after severalmedia outlets began inquiring about it.That operation was intended “to free a

number of American hostages held in Syria bythe Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” and“was focused on a particular captor networkwithin [IS]”, Pentagon press secretary RearAdmiral John Kirby said in a 20August state-ment. “Unfortunately, themission was notsuccessful because the hostages were notpresent at the targeted location.”Indeed, American journalist and IS captive

James Foley, held since 2012 and a targetof the US rescue operation, was revealed on19 August to have been murdered byhis captors.


The United States has made the strongestindication to date that Syria may havewithheld some of its chemical weapons(CW), saying there are still “serious ques-tions” about Syria’s declaration to theOrganisation for the Prohibition of Chemi-cal Weapons (OPCW).TheWhite House released a statement on

18August announcing the specially equippedUSMilitary Sealift command shipMV CapeRay had finished neutralising CW declared bySyria and removed from that country earlierthis year.However, it added: “Serious questions

remain with respect to the omissions and dis-crepancies in Syria’s declaration to theOPCWand about continued allegations of use.” Italso called on Syria to destroy its remain-ing CWproduction facilities: a process thatshould have been completed in 2013.OPCWDirector-General Ahmet Üzümcü

noted in June that his organisation was seek-

ing clarifications from Syria about some ofthe quantities of chemicals included in itsdeclaration as well as historical aspects of theprogramme, but suggested the situation wasnot serious as the 1,300 tonnes that it haddeclaredmatched its estimated inventory.Someomissionswere revealed in a report

theOPCWreleased in July. It said Syria hadsubmitted on14 July an amendment to itsinitial declaration that declared a ricin produc-tion facility that is currently in rebel-controlled

territory, twoCW-related research and devel-opment facilities and unfilled chemicalmuni-tions. The amendment stated that all the ricinmade at the inaccessible production facilitywas disposed of before Syria joined theChemi-calWeaponsConvention in September 2013.The US statement indicated it believes

there are further omissions in the Syriandeclaration and that several production facili-ties have yet to be destroyed. The latter couldbe a reference to hangars and undergroundstructures at 12 production facilities, whichtheOPCWhas said still need to be destroyed.TheUS reference to allegations ofCWcon-

tinuing to be used in Syria relate to reports ofimprovised chlorine bombs being dropped onrebel-controlled areas.Over a dozen such inci-dentswere reported inApril, but few suspectedchlorine attacks have occurred since then.

Jeremy BinnieJDW Middle East/Africa Editor, London


DoD may revisit 2015 budgetas Iraq operation continues

‘Serious questions’ remain over Syrian CW, says US

For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes HEADLINES

Cape Ray has destroyed Syria’s declared CW.

USNavy:

1530430

DANIEL WASSERBLY JDW Americas Editor

WASHINGTON, DC


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Signals intelligence (SIGINT)operations are being con-ducted over Iraq by a RoyalAir Force (RAF) Boeing RC-135 Rivet Joint aircraft, UKDefence Secretary MichaelFallon revealed on 16 Augustduring a visit to the BritishSovereign Base on Cyprus.Fallon said the RAF’s sole

RC-135was flyingmissions overIraq alongside the ISTAR sortiesmounted by Panavia TornadoGR.4 aircraft tomonitor fightersof the Islamic State across thenorth of the country.These operations are expected

to continue for “weeks andmonths ahead”, said Fallon, as UKassets work alongside US forcesto support the Iraqi andKurdishmilitary against Islamic State. TheIraq operation is the first ‘com-bat’ deployment for the RAF’s

RC-135, which was delivered to51 Squadron at RAFWaddingtonin Lincolnshire last November.IHS Jane’s understands that the

RC-135 deployed to RAFAkrotirion Cyprus in July tomonitor thesituation in Iraq. The RC-135 isnowworking as part of an inte-grated ISTAR collection opera-tion co-ordinated by the US-runcombined air operations centre(CAOC) at Al Udeid Airbase inQatar. “Everyone is on one air

tasking order [ATO],” an RAFofficer told IHS Jane’s.As of 18August, UK force

elements participating inOpera-tion ‘Shader’, as themission iscodenamed, included sixTornadoGR.4s at RAFAkrotiri in a detach-ment formed around a core ofpersonnel from II (ArmyCo-operation) Squadron.

Tim RipleyJDW Correspondent, LondonFirst published online: 19/08/14

Singapore appears to havequietly boosted the size of itsF-15SG fleet from 24 aircraftto 40, according to Boeingfinancial statements, aircraftregistration filings, and UScongressional reports.Singapore originally bought

12 F-15SGs – with an option foreight more – under a contractsigned in December 2005. InOctober 2007 the city-statemodified this option by buying12 more to give it a total of 24.These aircraft have all been

confirmed as delivered and haveUS-type serial numbers runningfrom 05-0001 to 05-0024. Sev-eral remain in the United Stateswith the Republic of Singapore

Air Force’s (RSAF’s) 428thFighter Squadron atMountainHomeAir Force Base (AFB) insouthwestern Idaho, while theremainder are active in Singaporewith 149 Squadron.Aircraft operating in Singapore

use four-digit serial numbers inthe 83xx sequence, starting at8301, although these do not runconsecutively.In January 2014 several

aircraft with new serial numbers– 05-0025, 05-0028, 05-0030,05-0031, and 05-0032 –wereseen atMountainHomeAFB.Meanwhile, a 26 Novem-

ber 2012 letter from the USState Department to House ofRepresentatives Speaker John

The RAF’s first RC-135W hasbeen pressed into service despiteinitial type qualifications issues.


Singapore quietlyexpands F-15 fleetJAMES HARDY JDW Asia-Pacific Editor & LINDSAY PEACOCK JDW Correspondent

LONDON

RAF RC-135 missions in Iraq revealed

Turkish fighterproject’s futurelooks uncertainDesign work on a new jet fightercalled the TF-X (X standing forexperimental) as part of Turkey’sambitious strategy of indigenis-ing arms procurement has nowbeen completed, but the projectmay not receive a green light toprogress any further.Sweden’s Saab has given techni-

cal support to Turkish AerospaceIndustries (TAI) for the two-year,USD2 million effort to produceconceptual studies for the TF-X, thegoal being to indigenously build a jetfighter by 2023: the 100th anniver-sary of the Turkish Republic.However, senior bureaucrats

within the Turkish Defence IndustriesUndersecretariat (SSM) – the state-controlled body in charge of armsacquisition projects – are reportedlyopposing any go-ahead to buildthe TF-X as they see the project asa waste of money with very littlechance of securing export sales.When IHS Jane’s approached the

SSM and asked what its head, DrIsmail Demir, thought of the TF-Xprogramme, a spokesman said:“Although it is an ambition that is fullysupported by Dr Demir, he questionsthe feasibility of the programmeand wants to make sure that time,budget, exact roadmap, and transi-tional products are well defined sothat it won’t be a waste of money andeffort 10 years from now. Improvingthe level of technological readinessseems to be more important for him.”The Turkish Air Force and TAI

have reportedly been trying tochange the SSM’s attitude to cancel-ling the programme, but a requestfor proposals to proceed with thetechnical phase of the programmehas not been forthcoming.

Lale SariibrahimogluJDW Correspondent, Ankara

Peter FelsteadJDW Editor, London


Boehner under the Arms ExportControl Act refers to the “sale,modification, and follow-on sup-port of eight F-15SG aircraft tothe Government of Singapore”.Boeing financial data also

shows that a total of 93 F-15swere delivered from 2005 to2012. South Korea has con-firmed that it received 61 andSingapore has stated that itreceived 24 for a total of 85,leaving eight unaccounted for inpublic records.Finally, on 5-6 August

2014, Boeing took out civilaircraft registrations for whatit described as F-15SG aircraft:N361SG, N363SG, N366SG,N368SG, N373SG, N376SG,N378SG and N837SG.Neither Boeing nor the

Singapore Ministry of Defence(MINDEF) would confirmwhether the city-state hadacquired 16 more F-15s thanpreviously disclosed, althoughthey also did not deny it.


Crow

nCopyright:1568267


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India lifts ban on Denel

The Lebanese Armed Forces(LAF) are lobbying for the bulkof a surprise USD1 billion dona-tion from Saudi Arabia to bespent to equip and arm Leba-non’s security forces, as theyclaim they are more capable ofconfronting the radical Sunnijihadist groups operating alongthe country’s border with Syria.The donationwas announced

by former primeminister andopposition leader SaadHariri on 6August as the LAFwere engagedin aweek-long battle inArsal:an eastern border town thatwasoverrun by several hundred Syrianmilitants,most of thembelong-ing to Syria’sAl-Qaeda affiliate,Jabhat al-Nusra, on 2August.“There is no doubt that this

amount is supposed to greatlyenhance the potential of the

LebaneseArmy and the InternalSecurity Forces and all securityagencies to fight terrorism,” hetold journalists in the Saudi cityof Jiddah. “Wehave a very largeshortage – Internal SecurityForces severely lack equipmentand the LebaneseArmy is suffer-ing from a shortage of ammuni-tion and important equipment tofight terrorism.”Hariri’s de facto control of the

funds has paved the way for his

return to Lebanon after threeyears of self-imposed exile, pur-portedly due to security threats.Diplomatic sources in Beirut

told IHS Jane’s that the LAFwill probably receive betweenUSD500million to USD600mil-lion of the gift, with around two-thirds of the remainder going tothe Internal Security Forces andthe rest to General Security.However, the unexpected

donation has raised questionsabout whether Saudi Arabia willprovide the USD3 billion thatit promised to give Lebanon sothat it could buy Frenchmilitaryequipment for the LAF.AliAwadAssiri, the Saudi

ambassador to Lebanon, has indi-cated that theUSD3 billion dona-tionwould still materialise in sev-eral stages, while the additionalUSD1 billionwas a response tothe fighting inArsal.



LAF seek to secure Saudidonation to fight jihadistsNICHOLAS BLANFORD JDW Correspondent

BEIRUT

Azerbaijan,Georgia,Turkeyhold trilateralmeetingThe defence ministers of Azer-baijan, Georgia, and Turkey haveheld their first-ever trilateralmeeting and vowed to boost theirdefence co-operation amid dete-riorating security in the region.The ministers agreed to hold joint

military exercises focused on pro-tecting joint infrastructure projects.The three countries already hostmajor oil and gas pipelines takingresources from Azerbaijan’s CaspianSea coast to Europe via Georgia andTurkey. The three nations are alsoworking on a joint railway that isdue to connect the Caspian Sea toEurope by the end of the year.The meeting’s goal, said Georgian

Defence Minister Irakli Alasania, was“to start planning how these threecountries and armed forces will pro-tect the communication infrastructurein critical situations and how we aregoing to protect our railway infra-structure, and oil and gas pipelines incase of military escalation”.The meeting, held on 19 August in

the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan,follows recent trilateral meetings of thecountries’ presidents and foreign min-isters. The defence ministers said theywould now meet every six months.The interests of Azerbaijan,

Georgia, and Turkey have increas-ingly converged as the regionalsituation has become tense in recentmonths: Russia has been increasinglyassertive in Ukraine, while fightinghas intensified in the disputed ter-ritory of Nagorno Karabakh. Russiahas military bases in two breakawayterritories of Georgia – Abkhaziaand South Ossetia – and Armenianforces exercise de facto control overNagorno Karabakh, which remains dejure part of Azerbaijan.

Joshua KuceraJDW Correspondent, Boston


The LAF are pushing for aUSD1 billion donation by SaudiArabia to Lebanon to be spendon materiel to bolster theirfight against Syrian militantsThere is confusion as to howthe latest donation affects aprevious USD3 billion donationpledged by Riyadh

India’s Ministry of Defence(MoD) has lifted a nine-year-old ban on Denel, renderingthe state-owned South Afri-can aerospace and defencetechnology company eligibleto bid for Indian military con-tracts once again.Industry sources told IHS Jane’s

that theMoD told Denel of itsintent to revoke the 2005 banagainst it operating in India in aletter on 12August.The news comes 11months

after theCentral Bureau of Inves-tigation (CBI) claimed it had beenunable to substantiate corruptioncharges against Denel, whichwasblacklisted inmid-2005 afterbeing accused of employing pro-

scribed agents to secure a 2002tender to supply the IndianArmywith 1,000NTW20/14.5mmanti-materiel rifles and 398,000rounds of 14.5x114mmand20x82mmammunition for aboutUSD40million.In its 30 September 2013

report to theMoD, the CBI said ithad uncovered no wrongdoing byDenel in the tender.Blacklisting Denel jeopardised

two of the IndianArmy’s crucialand long-delayed 155mm/52-calibre howitzer programmes,including Bhim: a tracked self-propelled howitzer that matedthe chassis of India’s Arjunmainbattle tank to Denel’s T6 turret.After extensive trials theMoD

approvedBhim’s limited seriesproduction by the state-runBharatEarthMovers inBangalore around2002-03, but the projectwas can-celled afterDenel’s blacklisting.The participation of Denel’s

G5/2000 155mm/52-calibretowed howitzer in support of theIndianArmy’s requirement for1,580 towed guns was also ter-minated following three roundsof trials.Relaunched trials for the

towed and tracked howitzershave just concluded, butmilitarysources said Denel could be con-sidered eligible for participationin the latter programme in addi-tion to several other proposedartillery procurements.

Rahul BediJDW Correspondent, New Delhi



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For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes HEADLINES

RAHUL BEDI JDW Correspondent

NEW DELHI

The Indian Navy (IN) commis-sioned INS Kolkata, the firstof three locally designed andbuilt 7,400-tonne Project 15Aguided-missile destroyers, on16 August in Mumbai.Two follow-on warships –

Kochi and Chennai – are alsounder construction atMumbai’sMazagaon Dockyard Limited andwill be commissioned at eight-month intervals, IN officials said.“Our aim is to achieve such

prowess in our defence capabili-ties that no country dare cast anevil eye on India,” PrimeMinisterNarendraModi declared at thecommissioning ceremony.He added that India needed to

stop relying ondefence imports

and focus instead on local research,design, andmanufacture formostof itsmilitary equipment require-ments. India sources nearly 70%of itsmateriel fromoverseas.Launched inMarch 2006 and

scheduled for commissioning in2010,Kolkata has been plaguedby price escalation and techno-logical challenges, especially withregard to its keyweapon systems.

Project 15A, the ‘successor tothe IN’s three Project 15 Delhi-class destroyers, was allocatedINR35 billion (USD574.5mil-lion) in 2002-03. That figure hasmore than tripled to INR116.62billion, IN officials conceded.The officials said around 60%

ofKolkata had been indigenouslysourced: a figure that is expectedto rise to 70% for the two succeed-ing ships. Principal imported com-ponents include Russian steel tobuild thewarship; four UkrainianZorya-MashproektDT-59 gas tur-bines capable of achieving speedsofmore than 30 kt; propellers andshafting; and sensors.Manned by a 325-strong crew,

Kolkata has an operating rangeof 15,000 km and is armed withBrahMos supersonic cruise mis-siles, a licence-built 76mmOto

Melara Super Rapid gun, andfour Russian AK-630 close-inweapon systems.Kolkata’s anti-submarine war-

fare capability comprises indig-enously developed twin-tubetorpedo launchers, RBU-6000SMERCH-2 rocket launchers, andthe Hull Mounted Sonar Array-Next Generation. The locallydesigned CMS-15A combatman-agement system integrates allthe weapon systems and sensors.Kolkata’s flight deck and

enclosed hanger are capableof embarking two multirolehelicopters.Kolkatawas commissioned

without its Barak Next-Gener-ation long-range surface-to-airmissiles or its Advanced TowedArray Sonar.


India commissions first-of-class Kolkata

India is first-of-class Project 15Adestroyer INS Kolkata, picturedduring sea trials.

IndianNavy:1526527


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http://www.cma-jobs.co.uk

The US Navy (USN) has let anindefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) multiple-award contract worth a totalof USD2.529 billion to fiveselected vendors to producea tactical afloat network to befitted out on 180 ships, sub-marines, and maritime opera-tions centres by 2022, officialsannounced on 20 August.Vendors selected to build the

ConsolidatedAfloat Networksand Enterprise Services (CANES)include: BAE Systems Technol-ogy Solutions and Services Incof Rockville, Maryland; Gen-eral Dynamics C4 Systems inTaunton, Massachusetts; Global

Technical Systems based inVir-ginia Beach, Virginia; NorthropGrumman SystemsCorp inHerndon, Virginia; and Serco Incbased in Reston, Virginia.The five vendors will compete

for delivery orders of productionand training units up to 2022.Consolidating five legacy afloat

networks into a single integrated

system, CANES is replacing thenavy’s existing programmes ofrecord, including the IntegratedShipboard Network System, theSensitive Compartmented Infor-mation networks, the CombinedEnterprise Regional InformationExchange System -Maritime, theSubmarine Local Area Network,and theVideo InformationExchange System.Space and NavalWarfare

SystemsCommand (SPAWAR)awarded the initial CANEScontract to NorthropGrummaninMarch 2010 for the designand development of the system,followed by a contract for thelimited deployment phase ofCANES in early 2012.CANES has been installed

on nine destroyers and efforts

continue for the system’s instal-lation on board eight additionaldestroyers, plus three aircraftcarriers, one amphibious assaultship, one landing dock ship, andone cruiser. In fiscal year 2015(FY 2015) and FY 2016, 28moreinstallations are planned.In order to keep the programme

affordable, the navy hadmadeclear its intentions to re-competeCANES. In 2013 SPAWAR issueda request for proposals, resultingin seven bids. The five selectedvendorswill each receive IDIQfirm-fixed-price and cost-plus-fixed-fee contract awards.The initial operational test and

evaluation of CANES began on11August on board theArleighBurke-class guided-missiledestroyer USSHiggins (DDG 76).It will support a ‘full deploymentdecision’ to bemade in the thirdquarter of FY 2015, which willauthorise the CANES programmeto continue to full operationalcapability.


US Navy awards CANEScontract to five vendors

Shipbuilder Huntington IngallsIndustries (HII) has announcedthat the fourth vessel soonto join the US Coast Guard’s(USCG’s) Legend-classNational Security Cutter (NSC)fleet completed its accep-tance trials only two daysafter the fifth cutter in theclass was christened.Hamilton (WMSL 753), the

USCG’s fourth NSC, returned toHII’s Ingalls Shipbuilding divi-sion in Pascagoula, Mississippi,after a two-day acceptance trialin theGulf of Mexico, Ingallsspokesman Bill Glenn told IHSJane’s on 18August. The vesselis expected to be handed overto the coastguard inmid-Sep-tember, with commissioning tofollow on 6December in Charles-ton, SouthCarolina.Meanwhile, fifth-in-class

James (WMSL 754) was officiallynamed during a ceremony on 16August 2014 at Ingalls. Handoveris expected in the third quarterof 2015.As part of an extensive fleet

renewal project, theUSCG isacquiring an eight-ship Legendclass to replace its 10Hamilton-class high-endurance cutters,whichwere built in the 1960s.The new127.4mNSC is the

centrepiece of the fleet’s recapi-talisation effort and is among thelargest in theUSCG’s cutter fleet.To date, three NSCs have been

delivered by Ingalls and threemore –Hamilton, James, andMunro (WMSL 755) – are underconstruction. The keel laying ofMunro is expected inOctober,Glenn said.Build of the seventh NSC,

Kimball (WMSL 756), will com-mence in early 2015. Its deliveryis expected in the first quarterof 2018.Ingalls was awarded a USD76.5

million advance procurementcontract in June 2014 for theeighth and final NSC,Midgett(WMSL 757).

Grace JeanJane’s Naval Reporter,

Washington, DCFirst published online: 19/08/14

USCG’s fourth NSC passes acceptance trials

THE AMERICAS For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes

USCoastG

uard:1530429

The USN has selected fivevendors to build and deliverthe CANES for 180 ships,submarines, and maritimeoperations centresVendors will compete fordelivery orders over the nexteight years

Hamilton (WMSL 753), the USCG’s fourth NSC, sails in the Gulf of Mexicoduring sea trials in 2014.

GRACE JEAN Jane’s Naval Reporter

WASHINGTON, DC


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The US Navy (USN) has for thefirst time conducted mannedand unmanned aircraft opera-tions simultaneously aboardan aircraft carrier.ANorthropGrummanX-47B

unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)and a Boeing F/A-18Hornet con-ducted flight operations aboardUSS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN71)on 17August, said navy and con-tractor press statements.

“Today we showed that theX-47B could take off, land, andfly in the carrier pattern withmanned aircraft while maintain-ing normal flight deck opera-tions,” Captain Beau Duarte,programmemanager for theUSN’s unmanned carrier aviationoffice, said in a statement.Taking place in the eastern

Atlantic, the operations con-sisted of co-ordinated launch

and recovery of the two aircraftfollowing an eight-minute flight,according to the USN.The UAV first executed an

arrested landing, folded itswings, and taxied out of thelanding area. The deck-basedUAV operator moved the aircraftout of the way using newlydeveloped deck handling con-trols in order to allow the F/A-18to touch down close behind theX-47B’s recovery.The navy planned to repeat the

sequence “multiple times” dur-

ing the tests, which will continueuntil the end of August.“For this test period, we really

focused on integrationwithmanned aircraft,” LieutenantCommander BrianHall, the USN’sX-47B flight test director, said ina statement.“We re-engineered the tailhook

retract actuator and updatedoperating software to expeditewingfold during taxi, both ofwhich reduce time in the landingarea post-recovery,” he added.The navy intends to keep the

X-47B aboard CVN 71 for theduration of the ship’s under wayperiod in order to perform nightdeck handling and flying qualityevaluations.


Northrop Grumman releasedan artist’s rendering on 19August of its XS-1 experimen-tal spacecraft, which the com-pany has begun designingfor a US Defense AdvancedResearch Projects Agency(DARPA) competition aimedat building a more affordablespace-launch system.NorthropGrummanwas

awarded one of three prime con-tracts for Phase 1 of the XS-1 pro-gramme on 15 July. Boeing andMasten Space Systems receivedthe other two deals, according toaDARPA statement.“We chose performers who

could prudently integrate exist-ing and up-and-coming technolo-gies and operations while makingXS-1 as reliable, easy-to-use, andcost-effective as possible,” JessSponable, DARPA’s programmemanager, said in a statement.“We’re eager to see how theirinitial designs envisionmakingspaceflight commonplace – withall the potential military, civilian,and commercial benefits thatcapability would provide.”The programme is expected

to develop a reusable unmannedvehicle for access to space anddeployment of small satellitesusing expendable upper stages.The effort would also developtechnology for next-generationhypersonic vehicles.Key XS-1 technical goals

include flying 10 times in 10days, flying toMach 10+ at leastonce, and launching a represen-tative small payload into orbit.The programme is also

seeking to reduce the cost ofaccess to space for payloads of3,000 to 5,000 lb (1,360.5 to2,267.6 kg) to less than USD5million per flight. The XS-1 isexpected to cost one-tenth ofthe price of today’s launch sys-

tems, according to officials.In Phase 1 of the effort, the con-

tractorsmust develop their XS-1demonstration vehicles, conductrisk reduction of key technologies,and develop a technologymatura-tion plan for vehicle fabricationandflight tests.Total funding available for the

first phase of the XS-1 designwas USD14million, according tothe original solicitation notice.DARPA plans to allocate USD140million for potential second andthird phases focused on fabricat-ing and flying the XS-1.

Marina MalenicJane’s Aviation Reporter,

Washington, DCFirst published online: 20/08/14

USN conducts manned-unmannedaircraft operations aboard carrier

Northrop Grumman starts XS-1 design

For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes THE AMERICAS

Northrop

Grum

man:1565630

US Navy poisedto receivefourth JHSVAfter recently completingacceptance trials, the US Navy’s(USN’s) fourth Joint High SpeedVessel (JHSV), Fall River (JHSV4), is expected to be handed overto US Military Sealift Command(MSC) in the fourth quarter of2014, shipbuilder Austal USA hastold IHS Jane’s.Fall River is the fourth of 10

planned JHSVs to be built at theMobile, Alabama-based shipyardunder a USD1.6 billion contract.Launched in January 2014, the103 m vessel conducted its testsand evaluations in the Gulf of Mexicounder the auspices of the navy’sBoard of Inspection and Survey,completing the acceptance trials on25 July.Once the vessel is delivered to

MSC – which operates the navy’sauxiliaries and fleet support ships – acrew of 22 civilian mariners will takeit through final contract trials andintroduction to the fleet.

Grace Jean Jane’s NavalReporter, Washington, DC


An artist’s conception of theNorthrop Grumman XS-1being developed for DARPA.

MARINA MALENIC Jane’s Aviation Reporter

WASHINGTON, DC


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More austerity-inducedcuts are being made to Aus-tria’s active air surveillancecapabilities.The head of the combat sec-

tion in theAustrianMinistry ofDefence (MoD),MajorGeneralKarl Schmidseder, told a press con-ference on20August that fromnextmonth the Bundesheer’s15EurofighterTyphoonfight-erswill be held on active quick-reaction alert (QRA) for an hourless per day.Due to a combinationof continuing and fresh budgetarycuts, “wehave to accept gaps, alsoin the air”, he said.From 1 September an average

of 11 daytimeQRA hours will beoperated flexibly, as “there willbe days with 14 hours on readi-ness while on other days it willcease in the afternoon”, saidMajGen Schmidseder, who claimedthere would be “no repercussions

for Austria’s peacetime security”.Referring to previousmeasures

that cut the number ofAustriansupersonic-capable operationalpilots down to 11 and one trainee(detached to Lecce,Italy),MajGen Schmidseder said: “It’s likecar sharing; all 15 [Typhoons] willremain active, butwill be flownby different pilots in rotation.”Given that this means just

four to six Typhoons will beoperational on any given day foramaximum of 1,070 hours peryear for the whole fleet, theMoDconfirmed that 12 of the surviv-ing 22 44-year-old Saab 105ÖEjet trainers will have to soldier onas active air-surveillance assets to

supplement the Eurofighters, fly-ing a total of about 1,200 hoursper year.Although an upgrade plan for

Austria’s Saab 105ÖEs has beendiscussed for several years, theaforementioned 12 aircraft arenow to receive amodest avion-ics upgrade to remain usable inmodern controlled airspace up to2020. No replacement process forthe aircraft has been identified.TheMoD expects that all the

cuts to AustrianAir Force opera-tions will save about EUR4.5million (USD5.9million) a year.According toMaj Gen Schmid-seder, this will bring down therunning costs for all military air

assets in Austria to about EUR65million a year.However, the ‘flexible office

hours’ manning from nextmonth of what used to be 24/7QRA cover over neutral Austriahas provoked harsh criticism. “Itis reasonable for the second-rich-est society in the EU that Aus-tria’s airspace is secured aroundthe clock,” said Colonel GerhardSchweiger, of theAustrianOffi-cers’ Association. “It is a shame;only Luxembourg has a smallerdefence budget than we have.“This should provoke an outcry,

but theAustrianmilitary has nolobby in politics and society.”


Austria furtherreduces QRAcapabilitiesGEORG MADER JDW Correspondent

VIENNA

The Hungarian Ministry ofDefence (MoD) announced on19 August it had signed a con-tract with European missilehouse MBDA to upgrade theMistral short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systemsof the Hungarian DefenceForce (HDF).The agreement, to be imple-

mented from 2016-2018,was signed by Didier Philippe,MBDA’s senior vice-presidentfor Europe, andColonel TiborBalla, deputy head of the Hungar-

ianMoD’s Office of DefenceEconomics.Under the contract the cur-

rentM2missiles of theMistralsystem deployed with the HDFwill be overhauled and upgradedby the Hungarian state-run HMArzenál Zrt company, whichhas co-operated for over 15years with themanufacturers oftheMistral, includingMBDA’spredecessor, the former French-UKMatra BAe Dynamics andits Italian-Swiss subcontractor,OerlikonContraves.

The Hungarian company alsosupported integration of theMistral systemwith the K-1P firecontrol system, amodernisedversion of the Russian K-1Msystem that can control bothRussian-made SAMs such asthe 2K12 Kub (NATO reportingname SA-6 ‘Gainful’), which isalso deployed by the HDF, as wellas NATO-standard systems.A key part ofMBDA’sMistral

upgrade contract with the HDFwill be to supply newerM3mis-siles (which have an extended

range, longer shelf-life, and offerbetter anti-jam protection) aswell as the delivery ofMatis MP3optronic sighting systems, manu-factured by Sagem.The value of the deal was not

disclosed, but theHungarianMoDhas developed amulti-year financ-ing system to cover the procure-ment costs to alleviate the strainon its tight budgetary sources.Mistral M2s on vehicle-

mountedAtlas twin-launchershave been fielded by the HDFsince 1997.

Peter DunaiJDW Correspondent, Budapest


MBDA to upgrade Hungarian Mistrals

EUROPE For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes

PFelstead/IH

S:1568264

Budget cuts mean Austria’s15 Typhoon fighters will beheld on active QRA for an hourless per dayThe Typhoons’ QRA missionwill be supplemented by44-year-old Saab 105ÖEs

An Austrian Air Force Saab 105ÖE performing at RIAT in 2014. Budget cuts toair operations will mean that Austria’s 44-year-old Saab 105ÖEs will have tosupplement the country’s Eurofighter Typhoons on QRA duties.


012-013_JDW_27082014.indd 12 22/08/2014 12:15:48

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Bulgaria’s main political par-ties have agreed to increaseinvestment in military capa-bilities by between 15% to20% of the defence budget,according to interim DefenceMinister Velizar Shalamanov.In an interviewwith Bulgarian

newspaper Capital on 16August,Shalamanov said that “themostimportant decision is the agree-ment between the parties toreach a defence spending targetof 2% of GDP and, more impor-tantly, the separation of 15-20%of that into investments in newhigh-tech capabilities”.Bulgaria announced a USD1.4

billion equipment plan in Febru-ary 2013. Few details were givenat the time and the country’sparlous financial state led to thepostponement of its flagshipfighter aircraft procurement justmonths later. The government isnow developing a new long-termstrategy called ‘Bulgaria in NATO

2020’, which it hopes will estab-lish amore stable and realisticbasis for the defence forces.While Shalamanov did not give

details of specific programmes,he toldCapital: “It is clear thatcritical to us are abilities relatedto aviation security, maritimesecurity, and cyber security,with the ability to support civilauthorities in disasters, accidents,and catastrophes, and effectiveparticipation in the reactionforces and NATO operations inour field of specialisation.“Wewant to see which of

these projects can be imple-mented within the agencies ofNATO and the EU on a bilateral ormultilateral basis, so withmini-mal resources we getmaximumeffect and ensure wewill beinteroperable,” he said.One programme that looks

unlikely to be revived in theshort term is the fighter procure-ment, with Shalamanov saying

that he expected NATO to coverthe capability cap while Bulgariasought a longer-term solution toreplace its Soviet-eraMiG-21bis/UMfighters and Su-25K/UBKground-attack aircraft.“The issue of air safety is

naturally a national priority, butwithinNATO it is amajor taskof the SupremeCommanderofAllied Forces in Europe. Thismeans that if … a nation can-not guarantee air sovereignty,there are effectivemechanismsin a temporary plan for it to beguaranteed under Euro-Atlanticsolidarity. This is one option toreduce dependence onRussia andto allow for a long-term solutionfor Bulgarian combat aircraftwithout being under pressure.”Shalamanov also identified

cyber capabilities as a priority forinvestment. “Allied componentsfor earlywarning and surveillance,missile defence, and air securitydepend on the functioning ofquite complex communication,and information and intelligencesystems.Their protection andtheir functioning in terms of cyberwar are critical. So if you need tofind amodern and very urgent pri-ority, it’s cyber defence,” he said,adding that the cyber domain alsooffered potential for developingBulgaria’s defence industry.


Acceptance trials of Russia’sBeriev A-100 new-generationadvanced airborne earlywarning and control (AEW&C)aircraft could begin in 2017,according to Anatoly Krailyuk,deputy director-general forresearch and developmentat the Vega concern that isbuilding the new platform’sradar system.Speaking on 15August at the

Oboronexpo-2014military exhi-bition in Zhukovsky, Krailyuksaid the new aircraft’s experi-

mental onboard equipment hasbeen completed and its designdocumentation prepared; theequipment is due to be presentedfor acceptance trials in 2016.TheA-100 uses the Il-476 (Il-

76-MD-90A)military transport,powered by PS-90A-76 engines,as its base platform, a productionline forwhich is located at theAviastar factory inUlyanovsk.TheA-100 conversionwork takesplace at Beriev’s Taganrog facility.The newAEW&C platform,

which is being created under a

national defence order pursuantto specifications issued by theRussianMinistry of Defence, is afollow-on to the in-service A-50and updatedA-50UAEW&Caircraft, of which the RussianAir Force operates 10 and threeexamples respectively.TheA-100’s Premier radar sys-

temuses a rotating phased-arrayantenna that providesmechanicalscanning in azimuth and activeelectronic scanning in elevationand turns a full 360° in 5 seconds:twice as fast as the Shmel radar

installed on theA-50. The Premiersystem also offers improved track-ing of high-speed targets.Krailyuk said that theA-100

“indisputably outperforms” thein-service A-50.“Preparations for production

[of theA-100] are underway,” headded. “Wehope that this aircraftwill be readily accepted by theRussianDefenceMinistry and beput into series production.”

Nikolai NovichkovJDW Correspondent, Moscow


Bulgaria to direct upto 20% of defencebudget to equipment

Russia’s A-100 AEW&C platform nears production

MATTHEW SMITH Jane’s Industry Reporter

LONDON

For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes EUROPE

Czechs willingto offer arms,ammo to KurdsThe Czech Foreign Ministryannounced on 15 August itswillingness to provide exportlicences to Czech entities seek-ing to supply the governmentof Iraqi Kurdistan surplus smallarms and ammunition fromArmy of the Czech Republic(ACR) stockpiles as aid tocombat jihadist rebels of theIslamic State.Various Czech defence manu-

facturers such as Tatra Trucks andAero Vodochody have been offeringheavy vehicles and jet training aircraftto the Kurdish and Iraqi authorities.However, any such exports wouldrequire permission from the Czechgovernment, which is in recess untilthe end of August.“We are only willing [at this stage]

to issue [export licences] for smallarms,” First Deputy Foreign MinisterPetr Drulak informed media on 15August.Other types of military aid that

could be provided by Czech entitiesinclude medical equipment andsurplus ballistic vests.

Jiri KominekJDW Correspondent, Prague



012-013_JDW_27082014.indd 13012-013_JDW_27082014.indd 13 22/08/2014 12:15:5122/08/2014 12:15:51

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A new anti-submarine war-fare (ASW) helicopter for thePeople’s Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) is undergoing testing,according to news reports andChinese military websites.The aircraft, believed to be des-

ignated Z-18F, has been devel-oped from theChangheAircraftIndustry Group (CAIG) Z-8, itselfa derivative of the long-servingFrench SA-321 Super Frelon.Images show that the Z-18

features a redesigned cockpit andmodified hull form, while previ-ous company statements suggestextensive use of composites andtitanium in its construction. Thereports also state that it is fittedwith a new type of engine andcomposite main rotor blades.Thesemodifications appear

to be in linewith theAvicopterAC313 commercial design (origi-nally designated Z-8F-100) thatfirst flew fromCAIG’s Jingdezhenproduction facility in 2010. The

AC313 is powered by three Pratt&Whitney (P&W) PT6B-67Aengines, giving it amaximumspeed of about 180 kt, an operat-ing range of 485 nmiles, and aninternal load capacity of 4 tonnes.However, theZ-18military

variants are unlikely tohave P&Wengines given thefines imposedonP&Wfor supplying engines andcontrol systems thatwere subse-quently installed in theWZ-10

attackhelicopter. Instead it is prob-able that theZ-18 is fittedwith adevelopment of theWZ-6deriva-tive of theTurbomecaTurmo3Cthat powers theZ-8.AviationIndustryCorporation ofChina(AVIC) andTurbomeca (Safran) arejointly developing theArdiden3C/WZ16engine thatwill power themedium-liftAC352/Z-15deriva-tive of theEC175.TheZ-18FASWvariant is

equippedwith a dipping sonar and

reports suggest that it can carry upto32 sonobuoys and4 lightweighttorpedoes such as theYu-7. It has aprominent chin-mounted surfacesearch radar and it is probable thatthe aircraft is fittedwith a datalinklike theKa-28s in servicewiththe PLAN, enabling it to operatein third-party targetingmodefor long-range anti-ship cruisemissiles launched fromsurfacecombatants.


China unveilsASW version ofZ-8 helicopterANDREW TATE JDW Correspondent

LONDON

The Indonesian Navy (TenteraNasional Indonesia – AngkatanLaut, or TNI-AL) has begunupgrading its naval base atRanai in Riau Islands to sup-port a planned increase in shipnumbers in the region, a seniorTNI-AL officer has said.Speaking to IHS Jane’son14

August in Jakarta,TNI-ALChiefof Staff for theWestern Fleet(KOARMABAR)CommodoreAmarullaOctavian described the

upgrades as consisting primarily oflogistics support facilities, includ-ing the building of fuel depots, thatwill enable theTNI-AL to sustaindeployments in the area.“The logistics facilities are

being [upgraded] to support theTNI-AL’s increasing presencein the region so thatwemaysafeguard the country’smaritimeterritories from any hostile forcesshould they pose a threat”, hesaid, withoutmaking specific ref-

erence to any particular country.News of the naval base upgrade

follows commentsmade by theIndonesianArmed Forces (TNI)chiefGeneralMoeldoko in Febru-ary on plans to deploy additionalassets in the area as a pre-emptivemeasure against instability in theSouthChina Sea.“Due to their strategic geo-

graphic position, the NatunaIslands could be used as aninfiltration point into Indonesian

territory,” GenMoeldoko said.Aswell as increasing its naval

assets, theTNI has also said thatit plans to expand the presence ofits army and air force in the area,including the deployment of aSukhoi fighter aircraft squadronand four BoeingAH-64EApacheattack helicopters in Riau Islands.

Ridzwan RahmatJane’s Senior Asia-Pacific

Naval Reporter, JakartaFirst published online: 19/08/14

Indonesia upgrades South China Sea naval base

ASIA PACIFIC For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes

Images of a new ASWhelicopter have appeared onChinese websitesThe helicopter, dubbed theZ-18F, is a locally developedversion of the legacy SA-321Super Frelon

COMMENT

None of the current PLAN destroy-ers or frigates will be able tosupport the 13.8-tonne maximumtake-off weight of the Z-18, so inthe near term it will be limited tooperating at sea from the carrierLiaoning and the three Type 071amphibious landing platformdocks. The anticipated construc-tion of Type 081 landing platformhelicopter ships and Type 055destroyers would increase thenumber of platforms that arecapable of embarking the aircraft.The Z-18F is the third variant to

emerge, alongside a utility/VIP transportversion and an airborne early warning(AEW) platform, possibly with the desig-nation Z-18J. Mock-ups and prototypesof the AEW version, which has a radarantenna fitted in place of the loadingramp that is lowered for operation when

the helicopter is airborne, have beenphotographed on Liaoning’s flight deck.As with the Shenyang J-15 carrier

strike aircraft, which features a sharkemblem, the Z-18s appear to be markedwith squadron-type emblems: the AEWvariant is marked with a flying bat andthe ASW aircraft with a swooping eagle.Commentators have suggested thatboth will be embarked on Liaoning indue course, with speculation that thecarrier’s air wing will include four AEWand four ASW helicopters, significantlyenhancing the ships self-protection.IHS Jane’s recently reported that

China also needs to deploy fixed-wingairborne early warning and controlaircraft. Deploying a PLAN equivalentof the US Northrop Grumman E-2CHawkeye, perhaps derived from existingland-based aircraft, therefore representsa minimum requirement, although thiswould also require a carrier fitted with acatapult launching system.

The Z-18F features substantial designmodifications from previous CAIGhelicopters.

Chinese

MND:1568260


014-015_JDW_27082014.indd 14 22/08/2014 12:14:14

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Outgoing Indonesian Presi-dent Susilo Bambang Yud-hoyono has announced a2015 defence budget of INR95trillion (USD8.1 billion): a year-on-year increase of 14%.Theproportion ofGDP that

defencehas been allocated in2015remains relatively lowat about0.8%and the budget increasemainly reflects Indonesia’s

continuing economic expansion(estimated at about 5.7% in2014).Yudhoyono, whowill step

down inOctober tomake wayfor president-elect JokoWidodo,said in his annual budget speechon 15August that themilitaryexpenditure will be directed atcontinuing themodernisationof the IndonesianArmed Forces(TNI) and consequently the

country’s defence industrial base.“The allocation of funds [will

be] used to, among other things,continue to fulfil the basicstrength requirements outlinedin theMinimumEssential Force[MEF] strategy, thus enhancingthe role of Indonesia’s defenceindustry in both the productionand themaintenance of defenceequipment,” he said.No breakdown of the budget

was provided byYudhoyono,although statistics published byIHS Jane’sDefence Budgets showthat Indonesia usually spendsabout 22% of it on procurement.This would provide theTNI

with about USD1.7 billion tospend on acquisitions, with thenavy and air force expected to

Australia has awarded UK-based Supacat Group anAUD105 million (USD98 million)contract for 89 special opera-tions vehicles based on the lat-est version of the Extenda high-mobility transport (HMT), thecompany said on 19 August.TheDefenceMaterielOrganisa-

tion (DMO) awarded the contractfor what it calls the SpecialOperationsVehicle –Commando(SOV-Cdo) after theApril 2012selection of Supacat as preferredbidder for its Joint Project 2097Phase 1B (REDFIN) programme.

Since then Supacat success-fully completed the programme’sprototype development andevaluation phase, the DMO said.TheExtendaHMT is similar to

31HMTSpecialOperationsVehi-cles delivered toAustralia in2009for use by its special forces. JointProject 2097Phase1B (REDFIN)seeks to replace ageingmodifiedLandRoverswith the SOVs-Cdo.The vehicles include crewballis-

tic andmine-blast protection alongwith an integrated logistic supportpackage that covers operating,engineering,maintenance, supply,

and training support. Elbit SystemsofAustralia is providing command-and-control systems.The Supacat statement

described the HMT Extenda asbeing “unique in being con-vertible to either a 4x4 or 6x6configuration tomeet differentoperational requirements. Itadded that the SOV-Cdo will bedelivered in four reconfigurableroles, emphasising the flexibility

of the HMT platform”.The Extenda HMTwill be built

in Australia through SupacatTeamAustralia, which opened inMelbourne in January 2012. “Itis the launch pad for Supacat Ptyin theAustralian defencemar-ket,” saidMick Halloran, manag-ing director of Supacat Pty Ltd.

James HardyJDW Asia-Pacific Editor, London


Indonesia increasesdefence budget by 14%

Supacat wins Australianspecial forces contract

COMMENT

In his last budget speech Yudhoy-ono has effectively highlighted twoof his main legacies: campaigns tomodernise the TNI through the MEFand efforts to support the growthof the national defence industry ina bid to develop skills, create jobs,and enhance innovation in the

industrial sector.The modernisation of the MEF has

been described as not only related toprocurement but also to improving theprofessionalism and effectiveness of theTNI as a modern fighting force.In terms of acquisitions the MEF

strategy aims to establish the scaleand nature of military capabilitiesthat Indonesia needs to to deploy in

response to any strategic threat. Earlystages of the MEF plan have focused oninternal threats but future phases willbe increasingly geared towards externalpressures and towards Indonesiaachieving a military balance with anyperceived threat within the Asian region.Yudhoyono’s focus on developing

the defence industry was crystallised bylegislation in October 2012. The Defence

Industry Law commits the governmentto procure military equipment and main-tenance services from local industrialsources. If capabilities do not residewithin the country, the law requires localindustry to partner foreign contractors indeveloping and manufacturing militaryplatforms indigenously whenever pos-sible. The law is supported by a defenceoffset policy formally introduced in April.

For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes ASIA PACIFIC

receive themost. In the past theprocurement budget has beenaugmented by funds securedthrough foreign loans fromRussiaaswell as other financialmecha-nisms such as export credit.In his speech,Yudhoyono also

includedmilitarymodernisation– orwhat he called the “accelera-tion” of theMEF strategy and the“empowerment” of the defenceindustry – as one of eight nationalpriorities that the state budgetwould support during fiscal year2015.Others included improve-ments tomanufacturing com-petitiveness, themanagement ofnatural resources, the effective-ness of subsidies, education, andsocial security.


Australia’s new special operations vehicles will be based on the latest versionof the Extenda high-mobility transport (HMT).

Supacat:1588261

JON GREVATT Jane’s Asia-Pacific Industry Analyst &

CRAIG CAFFREY Jane’s Defence Budgets Analyst

BANGKOK & LONDON


014-015_JDW_27082014.indd 15 22/08/2014 12:14:16

Smith



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Senior army officials haveexpressed hope that theIsrael Defense Forces (IDF)will acquire better-protectedarmoured vehicles and moreactive protection systems(APS) such as Rafael’s Trophy.The comments came after

sevenmembers of the eliteGolaniBrigadewere killed by a rocket-propelled grenade attack on theirM113 armoured personnel carrier(APC) duringOperation ‘Protec-tive Edge’ against Palestinianmilitants in theGaza Strip.

Senior officers say they wantfar more NamerAPCs, whichhave superior armour, to replacethe thousands ofM113s that theIDF continue to operate. Theyalso say they want to equipmorevehicles with the TrophyAPS,which they credit with defend-ingMerkavaMk 4 tanks againstmore than a dozen anti-tankmissile strikes carried out bymilitants duringOperation ‘Pro-tective Edge’.“WewantmanymoreNamer

APCs for the infantry. If we hadmoreNamers andmore defences,wewould have fewer casualtiesfrommissile strikes such as the

one that occurred on theM113,”a senior army source said.“Therewere arguments before-

hand aboutwhywe needed theNamer andMerkavaMk4. I thinkafterOperation ‘Protective Edge’these questionswill shrink away,”the source added.The officerwarned that, while

the IDF’s current armourwassufficient for an “unstoppable”offensive in theGaza Strip, thiswas “unlikely to be the case forLebanon”, where the IDFwouldcome up against the better-

armedHizbullah group. “Wewillneed large quantities of [new]armoured vehicles [to take onHizbullah],” said the officer.Hundreds of attacks on

modern Israeli AFVs failed tocause significant damage during‘Protective Edge’, the source said,declining to give precise numbers.He said that theTrophy systemhad “pleasantly surprised uswithits extreme precision and uniqueoperational capability. It answeredthe threat.”


IDF wants moreNamer APCs andTrophy systemsYAAKOV LAPPIN JDW Correspondent

TEL AVIV

IsraelDefense

Forces:1568265

The Trophy system, seen here fitted to a Merkava Mk 4 operating in the GazaStrip during Operation ‘Protective Edge’, has proved itself in combat.

The Italian government ishelping the Tunisian Navy andNational Guard bolster theirmaritime patrol capabilities bydonating 12 patrol boats aspart of a security assistancepackage signed in April 2011.The 12 patrol boats include six

P270TNs for theTunisianNavyand six P350TNs for theNationalGuard, all built byCantiere NavaleVittoria (CNV) inAdria.CNV chairman Luigi Duò told

IHS Jane’s that his company haddelivered five of the P350TNsand three of the P270TNs sinceDecember 2012. The next twoP270TNswill be delivered byOctober. The last P350TN andP270TNwere originally optionsand are expected to be deliveredby February 2015, Duò said.The first P270TN, Joumhouria

(P 202), was handed over to theTunisianNavy in July 2013 and

arrived at its home port of LaGoulette near Bizerte in Septem-ber 2013. The next pair – El Jala (P203) andRemada (P 204) –werehanded over on 12 June 2014 atLaGoulette. These three boatsreplaced elderly French-origin31.45m, 80-tonne Istiqlal-classpatrol boats of the same name.P 208will be called Sakiet Sidi

Youssef and P 209Kerkennah,Duò said, while P 209 has yet tobe named.The P270TNhas a length of

27m, a beamof 7.2m, a full-load displacement of around90 tonnes, and a crew of 14. Itswaterjet propulsion system com-prises a centrelineKamewaRolls-Royce 40A3 and twoKamewaRolls-Royce 50A3s, each drivenby anMTU12V2000M84 engine.Its range is 500 nmiles.The P270TN’s command,

control, communications, and

navigation system includesSimrad and SperryMarine radars,amast-mounted electro-opticalsensor, and satellite communica-tions (satcoms), all integrated byAlmavivA. The boats reportedlycost about EUR8million (USD11million) each.TheTunisian variants of the

P350 are based on a design forthe LibyanCoastGuard, whichoperates at least two such vessels.They have aluminiumhulls with alength of 35m, a beamof 7.2m,and a full-load displacement ofabout 140 tonnes. Powered bytwoRolls-RoyceKamewa 63S3waterjets, each driven by anMTU16V4000M93 engine, the boatshave a top speed of 38 kt, a rangeof 600 nmiles, and an enduranceof five to six days.Like the P270TNs, they are

fittedwith a command, control,communications, and navigation

system that includes Simrad andFuruno radars, amast-mountedoptronic sensor, and satcoms.Thesewere also integrated byAlmavivA.While the patrol boatsare being deliveredwithout arma-ment, they can be equippedwith20-30mmguns andmachineguns. The two boats together costabout EUR16.5million, accordingto Italianmedia reports.

Kerry HerschelmanJDW Correspondent,

San FranciscoFirst published online: 21/08/2014

Tunisia’s patrol boat programme progresses steadilyCan

tiere

NavalVittoria:1

5682

54

Tunisia’s National Guard has receivedfive of its six P350TN patrol boats.


017-019_JDW_27082014.indd 17 22/08/2014 14:40:57

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For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA

The Libyan faction led byretired general Khalifah Haftarhas claimed responsibility foran airstrike carried out againstmilitias in Tripoli on the nightof 17-18 August.The strike reportedly targeted

an ammunition store atMitigaAirbase, which is controlled bythe Islamistmilitias fromMisratawho are currently fightingHaftar-alliedmilitias fromAl-Zintan.“The Libyan eagles of the air,

on board Sukhoi-24 long-rangeweapon launchers thatwerebrought back into service again,carried out precise and intensifiedairstrikes early yesterdaymorningon targets of the so-called ‘LibyaDawn’militias,” Haftar’s spokes-man,Muhammad al-Hijazi, told

theAl-Arabiya television newschannel. “The pilots said thatthey had carried out effectivestrikes that led to destroying allthe targeted sites and silencingtheir fire.”The LibyanAir Force’s base at

Binina, outside Benghazi, is loyaltoHaftar and has serviceableMiG-23 andMiG-21 jets. How-ever, none of Libya’s Su-24s hasbeen seen flying since the 2011conflict.Although a half-moonwould

havemeant visibilitywas goodoverTripoli, LibyanAir Force offi-cers have said their pilots are nottrained to carry out night attacks.BrigadierGeneral Saqr Jarushi,

whowas sacked as Libya’s air forcechief but continues to command

Binina, provided a different ver-sion of events. He told the LibyaHerald his aircraft had not carriedout the airstrikes. However, hesaid he had personally providedtarget co-ordinates to a Europeanair force he did not identify.

Later on 18August BrigGenJarushi told the newspaper Su-24sunder his control – but providedby a foreign air force – had carriedout airstrikes he impliedwere inaddition to the earlier ones.


Su-24s carry outTripoli airstrikeJEREMY BINNIE JDW Middle East/Africa Editor

LONDON

ANALYSIS

Algeria and Sudan are the onlycountries in the region that cur-rently operate Su-24s. Sudanreceived its first Su-24MK aircraftfrom Belarus in 2013, but seemsthe less likely of the two to havecarried out the airstrikes inwestern Libya, 2,700 km awayfrom their aircraft’s home at WadiSayyidna Airbase – not leastbecause Haftar’s faction haspreviously accused Khartoum offlying arms to the Misrata militiasin Tripoli.Algeria is not only much closer to

western Libya, but has also upgradedsome of its Su-24MKs to the Su-24MK2 standard, which includes a

new digital map system that wouldmake night attacks easier to carry out.Algerian officials have repeatedly

denied rumours that the Algerianarmed forces are helping to fight Islam-ist militants in Libya or Tunisia, whichwould violate the country’s consti-tutional ban on carrying out militaryoperations inside other countries.However, the Algerian press has

been highlighting the security threatscoming from neighbouring Libya. On6 August the news website Al-Fajrclaimed that the Algerian military hasdeployed S-125 air defence systems tothe eastern border to shoot down theairliners that jihadists have supposedlystolen from Tripoli International Airportwith the intention of carrying outsuicide attacks.

SyrianMilitaryEnc

ylop

aedia:

1528

876

Syria has developed a newpassive armour package toenhance the survivability ofits Russian-supplied T-72M1main battle tanks (MBTs)against RPG-7 rocket pro-pelled grenades.Photographs published on a

pro-Syrianmilitary Facebookpage on 9August show a T-72M1with a locally designed bar/slatarmour array fitted to its turretto provide increased protectionagainst RPG-7 rounds through afull 360°.The bar armour is on an

all-welded frame positioned ashort distance from the turret.It would appear that gaps havebeen left in the left side of thebar armour so that the sightingsystem for the 125mm smoothbore gun is not obscured.Metal chains hang from this

bar armour in a similar war tothe ones that are fitted underthe turret bustle of Israel’s Mer-kava MBTs.The hull of theT-72M1has also

been fittedwith bar/slat armouraround its hull sides and pos-sibly across the rear arc aswell,although this cannot be seen inthe photographs.The upgraded Syrian vehicle

is fitted with a slab of additionalarmour on the glacis plate, whichalready has laminate armour.More chains hang across the

front of the tankwhere it wouldbe difficult to fit bar armourwithout it coming off during crosscountry operations.Bar/slat armour is designed

to neutralise the fuze of sometypes of high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds fired fromthe RPG-7.While its effective-

ness depends on a number offactors, it is generally said todefeat 60% of RPG-7 rounds, aslong as they are the older typewith fuzes that can be neutral-ised by contact with the bars.At this stage, it is unclear

whether this is a prototype bar/slat armour installation or if thepackage has been deployed onSyrian Army T-72M1s for opera-tions.Syria operates a large fleet

of T-72M1MBTs, with somefitted with the standard Russianexplosive reactive armour (ERA)package, which only providesprotection over the frontal arc.The first-generation Russian

ERA only provides protectionagainst projectiles with a HEATwarhead, but the latest gen-eration provides a much higherlevel of protection.

Export T-72MBTs did notalways have the same level ofballistic protection as the T-72sdelivered to the Soviet Army.The T-72MBT was also in manyrespects the second-tier Soviettank after the T-80.

Christopher F FossJane’s Land Consultant, London


Syria enhances T-72 protection

A Syrian T-72M1 fitted with bar/slat and chain armour.


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BUSINESS For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes

Australian Defence MinisterDavid Johnston has outlined apotential plan to bring forwardelements of the programme tolocally build eight Future Frig-ates for the Royal AustralianNavy (RAN) in a bid to bridgean anticipated gap in navalshipbuilding over the next fewyears.Speaking on 21August to the

Australian Business IndustryGroup, Johnston said theAus-tralianDepartment of Defence(DoD)was considering the earlyconstruction of frigatemodules toensureAustralian naval shipbuild-ers were not severely affected bythe expected gap inwork.This gap, often referred to in

Australia as the ‘valley of death’,is expected to emerge betweenthe end of the RAN’s AirWarfare

Destroyer (AWD) programmeand the start of construction ofFuture Submarines towards theend of this decade.Earlier this year the govern-

ment allocatedAUD78million(USD73million) towards bringingforward preliminary designworkon the Future Frigate programme,which seeks to procure eight largemultirole vessels to replace theRAN’s eightAnzac-class frigates.Construction of the vessels was

initially expected to start in theearly 2020s, although Johnstonsaid in his speech that this workcould also be brought forward.Johnston said: “Part of thework

on the Future Frigate programmeis to examinewhetherwe cancommit to the construction ofsome early blocks to ensure thereis no break in production overall.We are now examining all theblocks required for the FutureFrigate andwhether some ofthesemight be constructed early.”He added: “This approach is

intended to foster an enterprise-level shipbuilding plan providingfor the long-term future of navalshipbuilding in this country.”Johnston said a similar

strategy might be applied to theFuture Submarines programme,which will replace the RAN’sCollins-class submarines by themid-2020s.


Australia looks to speed upFuture Frigate elementsJON GREVATT Jane’s Asia-Pacific Industry Analyst

BANGKOK

Germany is to promote indus-try consolidation in Europe,the German Minister forEconomic Affairs and Energy,Sigmar Gabriel, announced on19 August.Gabriel, amember of the Social

Democratic Party, said the coun-try’s industry perspectives “do

not depend on exports alone”.“Weneed to talk about Euro-

pean consolidation,maintenance,and renewal of stocks,” he said.The issue of defence jobswas

also raised, withGabriel sayingthat the issue ofworkforce secu-ritywas not to influence decisionson defence export licences.

His comments followGermanfirms’ complaints thatmorerestrictive arms export controlsinstituted in Junewould affectexport orders.

Charles ForresterJane’s Defence Industry Analyst,

LondonFirst published online: 21/08/14

Germany backs industrial consolidation

COMMENT

The comments by Gabriel are atodds with the country’s previousstance on defence consolidation,with Chancellor Angela Merkeleffectively sinking the mergerbetween EADS (now Airbus Group)

and BAE Systems in 2012.Airbus CEO Tom Enders has since

publicly criticised the German govern-ment and identified declining sales tothe German government and militaryas a key factor behind the company’sfinancial challenges.Gabriel’s announcement comes after

Germany’s KMW and France’s NexterSystems announced in early July thatthey were negotiating to effectivelymerge under an umbrella holdingcompany. The new entity is hoped tobegin trading in early 2015 and willbring together two of Europe’s largestarmoured vehicle manufacturers.

Australia plans to bringforward elements of theFuture Frigates programme toclose shipbuilding gapsThe gap is to emerge betweenthe end of AWD productionand the start of FutureSubmarines contruction

In briefSpain restarts logistics searchSpain has restarted a search for acentralised private logistics operatorfor all three services: a contractworth up to EUR137 million (USD182million). The process was firstlaunched in October with the aim of acontract by May. The reason for thedelay has not been made clear.

Teledyne purchases Atlas IPTeledyne Technologies has boughtmost of the intellectual propertyowned by Atlas Elektronik subsidiaryAtlas Hydrographic but not all itsproduct lines. Teledyne said someemployees would switch companies.

LM completes Zeta buyLockheed Martin has completed thepurchase of Zeta Associates. Zetais a technical engineering servicesbusiness based in Fairfax, Virginia,that had previously been employee-owned. The company, which hasabout 350 employees, specialisesin working with satellite surveillancetechnologies and will be part of Lock-heed’s Space Systems division.

Forgacs buys BroensNaval shipbuilder Forgacs – currentlybuilding modules for Australia’s AirWarfare Destroyer project – hasacquired fellow Australian companyBroens: a precision-engineeringservices group with production facili-ties in New South Wales and SouthAustralia. Broens is a subcontractoron the Lockheed Martin F-35 inter-national fighter programme.

GE stakes KFX claimGeneral Electric (GE) announcedon 21 August its intention to bid tosupply engines in collaboration withlocal industry to power the Republicof Korea Air Force’s (RoKAF’s)proposed KFX indigenous fighter. TheKFX project would involve producingmore than 100 aircraft from around2025 to replace the RoKAF’s ageingfleets of McDonnell Douglas F-4 andNorthrop F-5 fighters.


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For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes BUSINESS

The Russo-Ukrainian jointventure to resume productionof the Antonov An-124 hasbeen shelved due to theongoing political tensionsbetween Russia and Ukraine.According to Russianwire

service ITAR-TASS, RussianDeputyMinister of IndustryandTradeYuri Slusarmade theannouncement on 15Auguston the sidelines of the Interna-tionalAir Transport Forum inUlyanovsk, Russia. Ukraine cur-rentlymaintains a ban on defenceexports to Russia: amove that isforcing Russia to begin focusingon import substitution for itsdefence industry.The resumption of production

of theAn-124, one of theworld’slargest cargo aircraft, and itsIvchenko-Progress D-18Tturbofan engineswas one of theaccords signed betweenRussiaandUkraine on 17December2013. However, it was the signingof these and other economic andfinancial agreements that ulti-mately led to the overthrow of theformer Ukrainian government led

by PresidentViktorYanukovych.The announcement came as

Ukraine’s Ivchenko-Progresscompleted assembly of the firsttwo-stage gas generator assemblyfor theD-18T in July, with thefirst full engine expected to bedelivered for certification testingat the end of 2014. The new vari-ant – theD-18T 3M– is under-stood to have been planned tohave FullAuthorityDigital EngineControls (FADEC), a lifetime of50,000 hours and 11,111 cycles,and improved noise and emissionstandards tomeet internationalcivil aviation requirements.An Ivchenko-Progress spokes-

person told IHS Jane’s on 21

August thatwork on the enginewas continuing in collaborationwithUkraine’sMotor-Sich.When the accordswere signed

inDecember, the then-Ukrainianprimeminister,MykolaAzarov,said that the joint venturebetweenRussia andUkrainewasexpected to produce 80 aircraftworth a total of USD12.9 billion.It is understood that orders forabout 50 aircraft were needed tomake resuming production profit-able, with themanufacturers hav-ing receivedmost of the requirednumber of orders to do so.At least20 of thesewere destined for theRussianAir Force, for which theaircraft is a key part of its heavylift capability.An-124s, which arewidely

used in the commercial cargoand heavy lift industry, havecommonly been leased byNATOcountries from commercial cargocompanies to transport goods toand fromAfghanistan.


Vietnam and the Czech Rep-ublic have signed an agree-ment in Hanoi that cementsthe European country’s posi-tion as one of the biggest sup-pliers of military equipment tothe Vietnamese armed forces.The agreement – signed on 15

August – coincided with furthermeetings in Hanoi betweenViet-namese and US defence officialsabout an expansion of the twocountries’ strategic partnership:

efforts that addmomentum toany US decision to ease its long-standing ban on exporting lethaldefence items to the SoutheastAsian country.TheVietnamese government

said its preliminary agreementwith the Czech Republic featuresa pledge to collaborate inmilitarytechnologies, training, main-tenance and repair, and widerdefence industrial activity inunspecified fields. The agree-

ment will be supported by thesigning of a formal memorandumof understanding that the twocountries will sign soon, said thegovernment.According to EU statistics, the

Czech Republic is Vietnam’s pri-mary European supplier of mili-tary equipment, withmilitarysales between 2010 and 2012totalling around USD71million,ahead of France (USD69million)andGermany (USD27million).

TheCzechRepublic’s sales toVietnam since 2003 are valuedat USD188million.Most salesfeature electronic defence equip-ment and spares for theVietnam-ese armed forces’ ageing Soviet-era inventories.Othermajorsuppliers toVietnam includeRussia, Ukraine, andCanada.

Jon GrevattJane’s Asia-Pacific Industry

Analyst, BangkokFirst published online: 19/08/14

Time called on An-124production re-start

Vietnam, Czech Republic sign defence trade deal

CHARLES FORRESTER Jane’s Defence Industry Analyst

LONDON

IHS/Patrick

Alllen:1414422

Russia, Belaruswork togetheron EW systemsRussian electronics companyKRET has agreed a joint venture(JV) with Belarusian companyAGAT-Control Systems toupgrade, repair, and maintainelectronic warfare (EW) systemsin service with both countries.The announcement of the new

JV, called EW Technology, was madeduring the Oboronexpo-2014 interna-tional exhibition on 15 August.The announcement also sug-

gested that EW Technology’s ser-vices could be exported, with Algeria,Armenia, Cuba, Egypt, Kazakhstan,and Vietnam mentioned as possibleexport destinations.The formation of EW Technology

followed an announcement on 13August by the Belarusian Ministryof Industry and Trade that Belaruswas seeking to supply integratedcircuits for defence applications toRussia. The Russian and Belarusiangovernments also announced inJanuary that they would boostexpenditure on joint militaryprojects by more than 50%. Thiscovers a range of ventures, such asjoint military forces and bases, aswell as space programmes.

Matthew Smith Jane’s IndustryReporter, London


Grounded: the Russo-Ukrainian plan to resume An-124production has been shelved.


020-021_JDW_27082014.indd 21 22/08/2014 14:50:20

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It is now almost a quarter of a centurysince the prime contract for the ANZACShip Project (named after the Austra-

lian and New Zealand Army Corps of theFirstWorldWar) was inked by the Com-monwealth of Australia and the AMECONconsortium. This collaborative programmebetween the Australian and New Zealandgovernments resulted in the design, devel-opment, and construction of 10 ANZAC-class guided missile frigates – variants ofthe Blohm+Voss MEKO 200 design – forthe Royal Australian Navy (RAN), whichreceived eight ships between 1996 and2006, and the Royal New Zealand Navy(RNZN), which commissioned its two shipsin 1997 and 1999.Both navies’ ships were procured under a

single joint project directorate, for which atreaty betweenAustralia and New Zealanddetailing management arrangements wassigned in December 1989.Designed as general-purpose surface

combatants for worldwide operation, the10ANZAC ships were all assembled andintegrated at theWilliamstown, Victoria,Australia, shipyard of what is now BAESystems. Ships for both Australia and NewZealand were delivered to an essentiallycommon platform, propulsion, and combatsystem configuration.On the propulsion side a highly efficient

combined diesel or gas (CODOG)machineryarrangement was selected, using a singleGeneral Electric LM2500-30 gas turbine andtwinMTU 12V-1163-TB83 diesels drivingtwin shafts with controllable-pitch propel-lers. This was designed to give the ships aspeed of 27 kt at full load and a range inexcess of 6,000 nmiles at 18 kt.At the hub of the ANZAC combat sys-

tem was the 9LV 453 command and fire

control system supplied by what is now SaabSystems (previously CelsiusTech) and basedon the company’s 9LVMk 3 product. The9LV 453 configuration comprised sevenType IIA dual-screen multi-function opera-tor consoles (MFCs) interfacing to the keyelements of the combat system throughan Ethernet local area network. Saab alsotook responsibility for the combat systemengineering required to integrate sensors,weapons, and command facilities into a uni-fied combat system.Saab Systems additionally supplied the

G-bandTarget Indication Radar (TIR), basedon the SeaGiraffe 150HC radar, and theCeros200 radar/electro-optic fire control director.The latter comprised aKu-band radar, daylightTV and infrared (IR) cameras, and a laser range-finder, plus anX-band feed for the continuouswave illuminator (CWI) required to supportsemi-activemissile guidance.Long-range surveillance was provided

by a RaytheonAN/SPS-49(V)8 2D L-bandradar and associated Cossor identificationfriend or foe (IFF) interrogator/transponder.Other sensors installed at the outset of theprogramme included a Racal-Thorn Sceptre-A 0.5-18GHz electronic support measures(ESM) outfit, a Dasa Telegon 10 communica-tions ESM (CESM) system, and a ThomsonMarconi Sonar Spherion B bow sonar.Relatively modest warfare capabilities at

start-of-life reflected an intention to acquirefrigates capable of offensive patrol work butretaining adequate self-defence. Accord-ingly, the ANZAC ships were delivered witha single Mk 45Mod 2 5-inch medium-cali-bre gun, RIM-7P NATO SeaSparrow point-defence missiles (fired from an eight-cell Mk41Mod 5 vertical-launch system [VLS] andreceiving guidance support from the Ceros200 CWI), Mk 32 triple torpedo tubes (con-

trolled via a Mk 309 torpedo setting panel)for Mk 46Mod 5 lightweight torpedoes, anda Mk 36 Decoy Launch System (firing 130mm chaff and IR countermeasure rounds).However,much has changed in the 25 years

since the inception of theANZAC Ship Projectwith regard to the policy postures and defenceplanning assumptions of the two partnernations.As the ships come to the halfwaypoint in their careers (theMEKO200ANZwasbuilt for a design life of 25-30 years), theseemerging requirements are today reflected inthe very different frigatemid-lifemodernisa-tion programmes now being pursued on eitherside of theTasman Sea.

RAN enhancementsFor Australia, Project SEA 1348 – therequirement that led to the ANZAC frig-ates – was originally conceived to deliver aso-called ‘Tier 2’ light patrol frigate for low-to medium-intensity missions. Given thislimited role, and the ‘fitted for but not with’philosophy of the time, the ANZACs weredelivered relatively lightly armed. Yet evenbefore the first ship entered service, the RANhad begun to consider a raft of capabilityenhancement options to exploit the growthpotential inherent in the platform and com-bat system.Accordingly, the RAN’s ANZAC fleet

has benefited from a series of incrementalupdate packages. One of the most importanthas been the replacement of the RIM-7Pmissile with the RIM-162 Evolved SeaSpar-rowMissile (ESSM), which offers improvedkinematic performance and a significantlyexpanded engagement envelope over its pre-decessor. Furthermore, the greater packingdensity of ESSM (four quad-packed missilescan be accommodated in a single Mk 41cell) significantly increases the defensive

Sailing apartAlthough Australia and New Zealand jointly procured their ANZAC frigates to a commonbaseline, the two nations are now following very different courses for their respective

mid-life update programmes. Richard Scott reports

BRIEFINGANZAC frigate modernisation


022-029_JDW_27082014.indd 22 22/08/2014 12:11:12

Smith


HMAS Warramunga at sea. Note the Harpoonmissile canisters forward of the bridge.Warramunga was the first ANZAC ship toreceive the Harpoon fit. Australian DoD: 1526622

firepower available to a single ship.The provision of ESSM capability, and

integration into ANZAC frigates, is man-aged under Project SEA 1428; its scope hasincluded design changes to combat systemhardware and software elements, anddesign and modification of ship platformand weapon systems, shore facilities, andlogistic support. The combat system hasbeen redesigned to interface directly to theMk 41 VLS and to a new solid-state CWI(SSCWI) developed by CEA Technologies.The combat system software also incorpo-rates Australian-developed ‘engageability’data and exploits advanced operating modesof the missile during engagement to enablelocal-area defence, high-value unit protec-tion, and crossing target capabilities to beexploited.A first ESSM firing was conducted from

HMASWarramunga offWestern Australiain January 2003.Warramungawas the

first ANZAC frigate to receive the SSCWItransmitter.Under Project SEA 1348 Phase 3A, all

eight ANZAC ships have received the RGM-84L Harpoon Block II anti-ship missile aspart of an Underwater and SurfaceWarfight-ing Upgrade Program. Two quad launchershave been installed in front of the bridge;below decks, the Boeing Advanced HarpoonWeapon Control System (AHWCS) is fitted

to support mission planning, including auto-matic missile flight routing for coastal shore-line areas, selectable terminal trajectory, andmulti-target, multimissile engagement. SaabSystems, through the ANZAC Ship Alliance,developed new software to support theAHWCS combat system interface.A milestone in the integration of Harpoon

onANZAC ships was achieved in December2004 when HMASWarramunga conducteda successful first-of-class test firing of theAHWCSutilising aHarpoon Blast TestVehicleoff the coast ofWestern Australia. A firstHarpoon Block II live firing was performedfromHMAS Perth in June 2012 at the USNavy’s Point MuguMissile Range facilityoff California.Other changes have included the introduc-

tion of the Nulka active missile decoy system(each ANZAC ship has received four quadlaunchers: two fitted amidships on eitherbeam and a further pair mounted back to


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back on the hangar roof); an ESM upgrade(bringing Sceptre-A up to a replacementstandard known as Centaur); introductionof a multilink capability (adding Link 16 andVariable Message Format datalink capabili-ties alongside Link 11); and the replacementof theMk 46Mod 5 lightweight torpedowith the EurotorpMU90 Impact torpedounder Joint Project 2070/Project Djimindi.Under a separate minor project, the Rafael

Mini-Typhoon lightweight remote weaponstation and associated TopLite electro-optical

(EO) director were introduced to servicefrom 2005 to improve force protectionagainst asymmetric threats in the northernGulf. Each ship deploying to the regionreceives two remotely controlled Mini-Typhoon 12.7 mmmountings (fitted portand starboard on the hangar roof) and twoTopLite directors (fitted fore and aft).

ASMD upgradeDuring the mid-1990s the RAN and theAustralian Department of Defence (DoD)

considered an ambitious ANZAC ShipWarfighting Improvement Programme(WIP) under Project SEA 1443. This foresawa substantive upgrade that would combineimproved anti-ship missile defence (ASMD)with an air-warfare capability based on theretrofit of a 3D radar, additional Mk 41VLSand the StandardMissile 2 (SM-2).In the event theWIP was abandoned

in late 1999 after studies showed it to beimpractical within acceptable bounds ofcost and risk. Instead, the DoD announcedthat it would pursue a less ambitious plan toenhance the ASMD capability alone so as to“provide a practical level of self-protectionagainst anti-ship missiles”.This programme, under the umbrella of

Project SEA 1448 Phase 2, has set out toconfer the ANZAC ships with a robust localarea air-defence capability so as to defeat thelatest generation of anti-ship missile threats.Phase 2, in fact, comprises two distinctparts: Phase 2A embraces improvements tothe combat management system (CMS) toshorten the detect-to-engage sequence andthe introduction of an infrared search-and-track (IRST) system to provide improveddetection and indication of low-elevation airthreats in cluttered environments; Phase 2Baddresses improvements to the ships’ fire-control capability to expand the number ofsimultaneous ESSM engagements.The CMS upgrade involves the introduc-

tion of the improved 9LV 453Mk3E systemand the complete remodelling of the opera-tions room. This new action informationorganisation has been designed to reduce thetime between detection and engagementof anti-ship threats and improve the overalltactical information flow among the com-mand team.The operations room is now populated

by 10 new 30-inch widescreen operatorconsoles with touchscreen input technol-ogy and running latest operational softwarefor sensor management, fighter control, andweapon system co-ordination. Large screendisplays on the bulkheads present intelli-gence, CCTV, and status information.Sagemwas in 2005 contracted to supply

its Vampir NG IRST system as part of ProjectSEA 1448 Phase 2. Each ANZAC frigate isto receive two stabilised sensor heads, eachscanning at 90 rpm, fitted fore and aft toensure uninterrupted 360° coverage aroundthe ship.Project SEA 1448 Phase 2B set out to

improve fire-control capability in order to

The CMS upgrade forming part of SEA 1448 Phase 2 involves the introduction of the improved 9LV 453Mk3E system (with 10 new 30-inch widescreen operator consoles) and the complete remodelling of theoperations room. Australian DoD: 1526616

HMAS Perth was the first ship to receive the ASMD upgrade under Project SEA 1448 Phase 2. The newPAR suite is housed in the distinctive mast fitted amidships. Australian DoD: 1526623


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allow ships to control more than one ESSMin flight. The original baseline for thisupgrade provided for one additional Ceros200 CWI director for a second missile chan-nel of fire. In parallel, the Australian DoD

assessed the benefits offered by indigenouslydeveloped phased-array radar (PAR) tech-nology – comprising the CEAFAR S-bandactive phased-array radar and the associatedCEAMOUNT X-band multi-channel active

phased-array missile fire control illumina-tor – in development by Canberra-based CEATechnologies.Following at-sea demonstration and risk

reduction testing during 2004, the DoDin 2005 announced that it had selectedCEAFAR/CEAMOUNT to form the core ofthe ASMD upgrade. CEAFAR is an active3D phased array built up using a modulartile and panel array concept, and employingdigital beamforming techniques in orderto dynamically adapt and change modes tomeet complex environmental conditionsand threat scenarios. The fit adopted for theASMD upgrade has six fixed faces to provide360° surveillance.The associated CEAMOUNT illuminator

features four separate fixed arrays producingelectronically steered beams to provide tar-get illumination and missile uplink supportfor the semi-active radar-homing ESSM. Thisconfers the ability to control multiple ESSMmissiles in flight at the same time, providinga substantial uplift in self-defence capabil-ity and also allowing for the protection ofmission-essential units in consort.

Aus

tralianDoD

:152

6624

A RaytheonRIM-162 ESSMmissile is firedfrom HMAS Perthduring testing atthe Pacific MissileRange Facilityin Hawaii in lateAugust 2013. Thesetests demonstratedESSM missileguidance in ICWImode.


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http://ww.cea.com.au


HMNZS Te Mana sails alongside the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USSAbraham Lincoln in the northern Gulf. New Zealand’s two ANZACfrigates have participated in maritime security operations in the Gulfon a number of occasions. US Navy: 1526618

From an external perspective the installa-tion of the new PAR suite radically changesthe ANZAC profile. A newmast is installedamid ships, atop which sits a distinctivecupola housing the CEAFAR radar andCEAMOUNT illuminator. The legacy TIR isremoved and the AN/SPS-49(V)8 volumesearch radar antenna is re-sited to a newposition atop the cupola.Also introduced under SEA 1448 Phase

2B is a new navigation radar system basedon two Kelvin Hughes SharpEye I-bandradars. Video feeds from the two radars arecombined into a single video output so asto prevent ‘blind arcs’ owing to above-deckobstructions. The system also provides anavigation tactical display in the bridge andoperations room and feeds radar video out-put into the CMS and ECDIS system.HMAS Perthwas used as a pilot ship to

prove the ASMDmodifications implementedunder Project SEA 1448 Phase 2. A first firingtrial, undertaken from the ship inMay 2011as part of Stage 1 trials, saw ESSMmissileguidance exercised in home-all-the-way(HAW)mode. Initial operational release fol-lowed in August 2011.The following year the ship participated in

an advanced air warfare weapons event dur-

ing a multinational firing serial at Exercise‘Rim of the Pacific’ (‘RIMPAC’) 2012 offHawaii. During this ‘RIMPAC’ serial, Perthfired a pair of ESSMs at two sea-skimmingtargets, again in HAWmode.Operational test and evaluation per-

formed at the Pacific Missile Range Facil-ity (PMRF) in Hawaii in late August 2013included a number of successful ESSMfirings in a series of stressing scenarios todemonstrate full Stage 2 capability. Stage 2consists of a software upgrade to both thePAR and CMS enabling missile guidance ininterrupted continuous wave illumination(ICWI) mode.A total of 10 ESSMs were launched in five

live firing serials at PMFR to prove the newcapability, with ICWI used in all live firingserials. Testing at PMRF included success-ful missile engagements against multiplesea-skimming targets, and demonstrated thesuccessful implementation of the ICWI capa-bility by controlling two simultaneous ESSMengagements through the CEAMOUNTilluminator system.Two separate engagements involving

firings of ESSMwere conducted againstGQM-163A Coyote supersonic targets. Bothwere successful.

HMAS Arunta, the second of the RAN’sANZAC ships to receive the ASMD upgrade,began sea acceptance trials in late June 2014.Next in line is HMAS Anzac, which beganHarbour Acceptance Trials in July, with theremaining five ships to be upgraded by theend of 2017; Ballarat, Parramatta, Stuart,Toowoomba, andWarramungawill all enterthe ASMD upgrade and refit cycle during2014-15.With the RAN planning to run its ANZACs

well into the 2020s, the ASMDmodernisa-tion is by nomeans the last major upgradefor the class. Indeed, a number of otherupdates are already under contract, includ-ing a new electronic surveillance capabilityunder Project SEA 1448 Phase 4A (withthe Exelis ES-3701 ESM system replacingCentaur) and a modernised communicationssuite under Project SEA 1442 Phase 4 (beingdelivered by Selex ES).Planning effort continues in support of

the ANZACClass Block Upgrade Programscheduled to commence in 2016. This willincorporate theMaritime CommunicationsModernisation (Project SEA 1442 Phase 4),a proposed Air Search Radar Replacement(Project SEA 1448 Phase 4B), and a PlatformSystems Remediation programme.

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There are also aspirations to provide theclass with a Long Range Persistent Subsur-face Detection Capability under Project SEA1100 Phase 4. Intended to confer the classwith an enhanced anti-submarine warfare(ASW) capability, SEA 100 Phase 4 projectsan ability to employ a towed-array sonarfrom the ANZAC-class frigates to enable thedetection and tracking of submarines andtorpedoes at tactically useful ranges.Another important uplift will come with

the arrival of a new embarked aviation capa-bility. The RAN’s ANZAC ships are currentlyconfigured to embark, operate, and supporta Sikorsky S-70B-2 Seahawk helicopter.However, this will be replaced from 2015onwards by theMH-60Rmulti-mission heli-copter, 24 of which are being procured fromthe US Navy as a ForeignMilitary Sale underProject AIR 9000 Phase 8.

FSU for New ZealandTheANZAC frigates HMNZS Te Kaha andHMNZS TeMana today constitute the RNZN’sCombat Force – in essence, the fighting armof the navy. New Zealand’s Defence Capabil-ity Plan notes that theANZAC frigates andtheir integrated capability systems “representthe onlymaritime force element capable ofoperating across the spectrum of operationsfrom constabulary and humanitarian tasksto combat roles as part of a multinationalresponse”. It adds: “The frigates are also ableto protect other ships including amphibi-ous sealift and logistical support ships [andtheir embarked] naval helicopters provideextended reach, surveillance, and air-deliv-ered weapon capabilities.”During the course of their careers, and not-

withstanding the force generation constraintsinherent in a binary force, TeKaha and TeMana have both been deployed into theGulfand the IndianOcean in support of coalitionmaritime security opera-tions. They have alsobeen routinely deployedinto theAsia-Pacificregion.However, compared

with their Australiancousins, the RNZN’s twoANZAC ships have been the sub-ject of only modest combat system upgrades

during their careers; examples include theinstallation of the Phalanx close-in weaponsystem (CIWS) and the addition of the Mini-Typhoon/Toplite package for force protec-tion against asymmetric threats.Mindful of the need to restore the

warfighting capability of the class, whichhas diminished over time in the face ofevolving regional threats, a Self-DefenceUpgrade (SDU) project was established bythe New Zealand Defence Force in 2007.New Zealand’s 2010 DefenceWhite Paperaffirmed this requirement and proposed that

the ANZAC frigates be upgraded “to improvetheir defensive capability against contempo-rary threats and to enable them to continueto provide a valued contribution to coalitionoperations”.The SDUwas subsequently re-cast as the

Frigate Systems Upgrade (FSU), addressingthe comprehensive modernisation of theANZAC ships’ command, weapon, and sensorsuite in both the above-water and under-water realms. Its objective is to ensure thatthe ships retain a credible capability and canoperate in the South Pacific and wider Asia-

The Royal New Zealand Navy ANZAC frigate HMNZS Te Mana, foreground, pictured in company withAustralian ANZAC ‘sisters’ HMAS Parramatta and HMAS Perth. Visible behind is the UK Royal Navydestroyer HMS Daring. US Navy: 1526621

CGI concept of a post-FSU ANZAC frigate.The topside layout shown in this renderingmay change during the current preliminarydesign phase. NZ MoD: 1526617

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Pacific region out to end-of-life in the 2030s.This FSU in fact forms the largest part of

a Mid-Life Upgrade (MLU) for Te Kaha andTeMana. It follows on from an already-com-pleted CIWS upgrade (improving the originalPhalanx Block 1 to Block 1B standard) and anongoing Platform Systems Upgrade (focusedon the improvement of the frigates’ propul-sion, heating, ventilation, and air condition-ing systems).

ScopeThe FSU project covers the upgrade ofthe surveillance, combat and self-defencecapabilities of the ANZAC frigates to matchcurrent and future threats, while addressingobsolescence in some of the current systems.The full scope includes the replacement ofCMS hardware and software, new radars,electronic detection and other above-watersensors, improved anti-ship missile decoys,a torpedo defence system, an upgrade to thehull-mounted sonar, and the replacement ofthe RIM-7P NATO SeaSparrow point-defencemissile systemwith a more capable LocalArea Air Defence (LAAD) system.Following a request for information

process, the New Zealand cabinet approvedthe FSU Detailed Business Case in November2012, authorising theMinistry of Defence’s(MoD’s) Acquisition Division to issuerequests for tender (RfTs).

The Detailed Business Case endorsed anactive missile system to fulfil the role ofLAAD; although not publicly disclosed at thetime, theMBDA Sea Ceptor system and itsassociated CommonAnti-air Modular Missile(Maritime) – CAMM(M) – were downse-lected at this point.RfTs were issued to industry in March

2013, closing in May that year. Five propos-als were received from potential combatsystem integrators (CSIs) and 19 fromcompanies interested in other aspects of theproject. FromMay through August last yearthe project team – supported by the DefenceTechnology Agency and RNZN subject mat-ter experts – evaluated the totality of RfTresponses.In August 2013, following a detailed

evaluation of the responses, LockheedMar-tin Canada was selected as preferred CSI ten-derer subject to the successful completion ofdue diligence. Its approach for the FSU wasto leverage significant elements of the frig-ate upgrade package already being deliveredby the company for the Royal CanadianNavy’s 12-ship Halifax Class Modernisation(HCM) programme.Cabinet approval came in April 2014 for

the project to commit to contract at a totalproject cost of NZD446million (USD375million), including project managementcosts, contingency, introduction into

service, and capitalisation costs. The projectwill manage a number of separate contractsincluding the prime system integrator(assuming the CSI role), preliminary design,missiles, sonar upgrade, torpedo defencesystem, and ASMD decoys.LockheedMartin Canada, as prime system

integrator, was awarded a NZD207millioncontract on 29April for the design and sup-ply of the CMS for the twoANZAC frigates,together with the supply and integrationof various sensors, the missile system, anda combat system trainer for the DevonportNaval Base in Auckland.Themajority of the work will be com-

pleted in Canada and includes the procure-ment and integration into the ships’ combatsystem of key sensors. Te Kaha and TeManawill effectively ‘slot in’ after the 12 Halifax-class frigates from 2016. There will be about70% commonality between the Canadianand New Zealand ships as far as the effortrequired to deliver the upgrade is concerned.At the hub of the upgraded frigates’

combat system will be a new LockheedMartin Canada CMS based on that alreadybeing delivered for the HCM programme.Known as CMS 330, this will feature ninenewmultifunction workstations, each withthree screens.The legacy AN/SPS-49(V) search radar,

TIR, and Ceros 200 radar/EO director arebeing removed as part of the FSU project.A Navantia gun control unit (GCU) will beprovided by LockheedMartin Canada thatwill interface with CMS 330 and theMk 45Mod 2 gun (the GCU is similar to those fittedon the Spanish Navy F-100 frigates).Many other systems are common to the

HCM programme. These include the ThalesSMART-S Mk 2 3D surveillance radar, aTelephonics IFF suite (AN/APX-505(V) IFFinterrogator and AN/APX-119 transponder),the Elisra NS9003A-V2NZ ESM system, anIBM-supplied datalink processing system(providing tactical data exchange via Link11 and Link 16, with an option expand-ing to Link 22), and the RheinmetallMASS_DUERAS soft-kill countermeasuressystem (incorporating adjunct DUERASchaff rockets alongside standard Omni-Trapammunition).A number of new-to-type sensor systems

have additionally been selected for the FSU.These comprise SAGEM’s Vampir NG IRST(with twin heads), Saab’s Naval LaserWarn-ing System, and the Kelvin Hughes Sharp-Eye radar.

MBDA’s Sea Ceptor system – featuring the CAMM(M) effector – will meet the requirement for a newLocal Area Air Defence capability as part of the FSU for New Zealand’s ANZAC frigates. MBDA: 1526619


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MBDAwas inMay 2014 contracted forthe provision of the Sea Ceptor LAAD sys-tem and the associated CAMM(M)missile.Each frigate will have a capacity of up to20 CAMMmissiles using new standalonelaunchers sited in the same deck space as cur-rent occupied by theMk 41Mod 5VLS.ThyssenKruppMarine Systems Australia

(TKMSA) Pty Ltd was the samemonth takenon contract for the FSU preliminary designphase. In this role TKMSA is taking respon-sibility for the mast and upper deck design,compartment layout, and physical integra-tion of the new and legacy systems.An upgrade of the hull-mounted sonar is to

be implemented by Thales Australia, whichis introducing a Broadband Sonar AdvancedProcessing System (BSAPS) for the SpherionB hull-mounted sonar. BSAPS is a COTS-based signal processing upgrade maturedunder a Capability and Technology Demon-strator programme conducted by Thales inconjunction withAustralia’s Defence Scienceand Technology organisation. Thales is alsosupplying its TUUM-6multi-channel DigitalUnderwater Communication System.

Airborne Systems will provide its FDS-3passive radar decoy system to meet theASMD soft-kill requirement. An exportderivative of the UK’s Outfit DLF(3) system,FDS-3 deploys a rapid-response inflatableRF decoy (based on a fast-erecting structuralcorner-reflector) from deck-mountedlaunch tubes.Turning to torpedo defence, Ultra Elec-

tronics’ Sonar Systems business has beenawarded a NZD9.9million contract to supplyits Sea Sentor Surface Ship Torpedo Defence(SSTD) system as part of the FSU. Ultra willdeliver two Sea Sentor SSTD ship sets, eachcomprising a single in-line towed-array solu-tion utilising a passive tow for detection,classification, and localisation of the inboundtorpedo threat, and a flexible towed-bodycountermeasure able to decoy and jam all tor-pedo types, including wake-homers. Optionallaunchers fitted topside can deploy expend-able acoustic countermeasures.The majority of the FSU work scope

will be completed in Canada at LockheedMartin facilities in Dartmouth, Kanata, andMontreal. Subject to theMoD initiating a

contract change proposal, the installationwork package provided for in the contractwill result in additional work for the Seaspanshipyard in Victoria, British Columbia.The first ship is planned to undertake the

installation or refit phase in the third quarterof 2016 and the second ship approximately12months later. The project is expected tobe completed in 2018.A further boost to the capability of the

ANZAC ships will come with the introduc-tion to service of the Kaman SH-2G(I) SuperSeasprite helicopter as a replacement for thecurrent SH-2G(NZ). New Zealand is acquir-ing 10 SH-2G(I) helicopters, with deliver-ies beginning in early 2015; eight aircraftwill enter service, with the two additionalairframes to be used for spares. This projectalso includes the acquisition of KongsbergPenguinMk 2Mod 7 anti-ship missiles,which will replace the current stock of lesscapable Maverick missiles.

Richard Scottis the IHS Jane’s Naval Consultant,

based in London.First published online: 18/08/2014


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http://www.landforces.com.au

A USAF B-52H Stratofortress bomber takes off ona routine mission from one of Andersen Air ForceBase’s two 11,000 ft runways. Gordon Arthur: 1526633


BRIEFINGThe Asia-Pacific rebalance

As the United States’ westernmost territory, Guam is playing an increasinglyimportant role. Gordon Arthur reports on progress there with improvements to

accommodate part of the US strategic shift to the Pacific

Guamtip of the spear

Just as it was strategically vital in theSecondWorldWar, so is Guam todaya pivotal US base in President Barack

Obama’s strategic rebalance to theAsia-Pacific region in light of North Korea’s bel-ligerence andChina’s risingmight.The US Navy (USN) and USAir Force

(USAF) are resident at Naval BaseGuam andAndersenAir Force Base (AFB) respectively.These installations fall under Joint RegionMarianas: a Department of Defense (DoD)construct established in 2009 to oversee allGuam bases. Facilities are being improvedand expanded as the rebalance takes effect.The USMarine Corps (USMC) is set to jointhe USN and USAF as facility constructionoccurs through to the late 2020s.

Andersen AFBAn important characteristic of the 77 km2

AndersenAFB is that it hosts rotational,

rather than permanent, assets. It supportsa continuous bomber presence, typicallycomprising six Boeing B-52s from thecontinental US (CONUS), on a six-monthrotation. Several RQ-4 Global Hawk Block30 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), basedthere since 2010, proved their worth inJapan’s 2011 earthquake and the 2013typhoon in the Philippines. Four KC-135air-to-air refuellers rotate throughGuam onamonthly basis, giving the USAF a strategicability to project power.It is interesting to note that, after China

established anAir Defence IdentificationZone in November 2013, it was B-52s fromGuam that flew through it tomake a point.Guam’s strategic location was demon-

strated during Exercise ‘Cope NorthGuam’on 17-28 February. Nearly 90US, Japanese, andAustralianaircraft gathered to demon-

strate how assets could quickly surge.Colonel SteveWolborsky (rtd), director

of plans, programmes, and readiness for theUSAF’s 36thWing, described the importanceof the island: “Guam is at the extremity ofUS territory. It’s something Pacific Air Forcescalls the strategic triangle withAlaska,Hawaii, andGuam –Guam being the tip ofthe spear. It’s generally advantageous to theUS to have forces this far forward with thiskind of robust capability.”On the rebalance,Wolborsky said: “We’ve

been in a steady growthmode for 10 years. Ithink there’s a lot of interest inmaking surewe have a long-term resiliency and sustain-ability to operate here as a strategic base.”He noted real growth in exercises and

training, driven in part by Guam’s greaterutilisation in Aviation Training Relocation(ATR), under which Japan pays three quar-ters of the cost of moving US fighter units

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from Japanese bases to train elsewhere.AndersenAFB is technically a USN instal-

lation, as the navy is responsible for basesupport and facilities. Much of the infrastruc-ture is ageing and its newest housing is morethan 50 years old. However, accommodationis being recapitalised and infrastructure suchas water, underground wiring, and sewerageis beingmodernised.Major operational facilities are also being

constructed. New projects authorised forfiscal year 2014 (FY 2014) include two largeaircraft hangars (one general purpose andthe other for maintaining fuel systems) anda hangar for the USN’s newMQ-4CTritons.Set to arrive from late 2017, the Tritons willmonitor the region’s oceanic domain.For FY 2015Guam has received a construc-

tion budget of USD128million. This includesfunding for AndersenAFB’s Northwest Fieldarea, which will gain an airfield operationsfacility for the Red Horse construction bat-talion in addition to a satellite fire station.Meanwhile, under the Pacific AirpowerResiliency initiative, which involves harden-ing critical infrastructure and improvingrapid-recovery capabilities after an attack, theFY 2015 budget approved Increment 2 workfor the fuel maintenance hangar, as well as acombat communications facility.AndersenAFBwill become busier under

the USMC realignment plan agreed withJapan under the Defense Policy ReviewInitiative (DPRI). Facilities are required foran aviation combat element (ACE). A parkingapron forMV-22Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft anda wash rack facility (inaugurated last year forrinsing aircraft operating in a salt-air environ-ment) worth USD73million was contractedinApril 2011.InAugust 2013 the Naval Facilities

Engineering Command (NAVFAC), whichacts as project manager, awarded a follow-onUSD20.2million contract to further developthe USMC’s North Ramp parking area, as wellas associated utilities such as taxiways anda fuel distribution system. A USMC hangarbuilt with Japanese funding was approvedunder the FY 2014 budget.A key construction consideration is Guam’s

area cost factor of more than 2.0: structurescost double what they would in the CONUSbecause the island is isolated, seismicallyactive, and in an area prone to typhoons.Wolborsky said the building boom is “defi-

nitely a niche area” in an otherwise declining

market for USmilitary spending. “I think it’san embodiment of the idea of the rebalance,”he said.While AndersenAFB is starting to see

investment, there is an inevitable lagbetween articulating a grand strategy andgovernment agencies reorienting to executeit, he added. The director admitted no knowl-edge of other air assets being committed toAndersenAFB, but said the base is posturedto host further permanent or rotational units.

Naval Base GuamIn April 2013 the USN announced that afourth Los Angeles-class submarine wouldtransfer to Naval BaseGuam. USS Topekawilljoin USS Chicago,KeyWest, andOklahomaCity in about a year’s time. The base’s biggest

asset is the submarine tender USS FrankCable and there are no known plans to shiftother warships to the island.As part of the submarine deployment,

several projects were authorised in FY 2014:an enhanced ship repair facility, a storagebuilding, and an upgrade to SierraWharf.CaptainMikeWard, Naval BaseGuam’s

commanding officer, said his base hasmainlytenant commands – 32 in total, of which23 are navy – in contrast to rotational unitsthat useAndersenAFB. Hemanages 5,900military personnel/DoD civilians and 5,000familymembers.CaptWard describedmajor infrastructure

projects in Apra Harbor as momentum slowlybuilds. The first two construction projects forthe USMC relocation were officially opened

10 km0

The current location of US Department of Defense facilities andzones on Guam, which occupy about 29% of the island’s land.

22

GUAM

Philippines Sea

PacificOcean

CocosLagoon

PagoBay

Agana Bay

ApraHarbor

Tumon Bay

NCTS Finegan

AndersenSouth

Navy Barrigada

Navalmunitions

site

AndersenAFB

Air Force Barrigada

13

4

5

6

7

8

910

Source: IHS/US DoD

© 2014 IHS, 1521484

US Marine Corps relocation to Guam

43

4666

9

10118

North ramp utilities & parking

Aircraft maintenance hangar

North ramp utilities siteimprovements

Andersen AFB North Gate

Andersen South projects

Defence access road

Defence access road

Port of Guam improvements

Apra Harbor utilities

Wharf projects

US DoD property on Guam

Road

1

8

9

10

6

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on 22 January: a shore-based welcomecentre and a USD88million refurbishment ofTangoWharf and UniformWharf, which wasrendered inoperable after a 1993 earthquake.Another USD70million contract providedutilities and site improvements for Sierra,Tango, Uniform, andVictor wharves topermit embarkation of a USMCAmphibiousReadyGroup (ARG).The refurbishment of the ageing and

underserved X-RayWharf, which is adjacentto Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) ware-housing, was also approved in FY 2014.A USD39.7 million contract was awardedin June, with work set to begin later thisyear. “When you take all these things intoconsideration, the inner harbour will be, ina couple of years, pretty much brand new,”said CaptWard. On 20 September 2013 aUSD52.4 million contract was awarded tobuild a new fuel pipeline and upgrade anexisting one running from Naval Base Guamto Andersen AFB.Work should conclude inFebruary 2016.CaptWard described the base’s housing

as among the best in the navy. The NorthTipalao housing refurbishment concludedin 2013, while NAVFACMarianas awarded aUSD23.8million contract in September thatyear to revitalise 60 homes at the LockwoodTerrace settlement. Upon completion, allhomes will be essentially brand new. About55% of families choose to live on base.USN and foreign vessels regularly pull into

Guam during regional deployments/transits,but CaptWard predicted the tempo wouldpick up once the USMC settles in. Being

able to train at the navy-managed MarianaIslands Range Complex (MIRC) and beforward-deployed is a unique synergy Guamoffers, he noted.

USMC relocationA crucial aspect of Guam’s growingmilitarysignificance will be the eventual relocationof USMC personnel fromOkinawa. Undera revised 2012 plan, around 5,000marines(of which two thirds will be on six-monthlyrotations) and 1,300 familymembers arescheduled to relocate there.This will entail major construction of 525

houses, barracks, base infrastructure, andtraining areas. Major Darren Alvarez, deputydirector of the Joint Guam ProgramOffice(JGPO) responsible for USMC relocationplanning on the island, said the preferredpreliminary site for the marines’ canton-ment is the 5.9 km2 Naval Computer andTelecommunications Station (NCTS)Finegayan near Andersen. Nevertheless,the JGPO lists four alternative cantonmentsites to help decision-makers, as well as fiveproposed live-fire complex sites, for whichNorthwest Field (adjacent to Andersen) isthe preferred option.It was originally envisaged that 8,900

marines and 9,000 dependents would relo-cate to Guam and a previous 2010 record ofdecision covering construction of variousfacilities was made on that basis. Thatapproval permitted ongoing projects such asimprovement at the ACE North Ramp andApra Harbor wharf, training/manoeuvrefacilities at Andersen South, and upgraded

public roads leading from Naval Base Guamto Andersen AFB.However, the reduced relocation figure for

marines, agreed in co-ordination with theJapanese government, required supplementalenvironmental impact statements (SEISs)for the Finegayan cantonment and other ele-ments such as a live-fire range that had beendeferred. Contracted via NAVFAC, the SEISstake time to conduct but are essential to deci-sionmaking. An SEIS considers 18 impactareas, such as water resources, noise, traffic,and socioeconomic factors.“One of the things we’re obviously con-

cerned about is taking into account localsensitivities and concerns,” saidMaj Alvarez.The Department of the Navy published adraft SEIS on 18April and will deliver a finalone by the end of 2014. A record of decisionby theAssistant Secretary of the Navy forEnergy Installations and Environment is thenexpected in early 2015, which will open theway for multi-year contracting and construc-tion to commence around 2015/16.The total relocation cost is expected to be

about USD8.6 billion, of which Japan willfund USD3.1 billion.While the timelinesare open-ended at this time, the draft SEISpredicts the project will take 13 years.

Island defenceResponding to North Korean provocations,the USArmy deployed a Terminal High-AltitudeArea Defence (THAAD)missilebattery toGuam inApril 2013. The THAADbattery is sited on Northwest Field, where itwill have an ongoing presence.Lieutenant Colonel Clyde Cochrane,

the battery’s commander, told IHS Jane’s:“We’re here to act as a strategic deter-rent against North Korea and, should thatdeterrence fail, then we shall neutralise anytheatre ballistic missile threat from NorthKorea.” At the same time, THAAD could justas easily be used to defend against Chinesemissile threats.As the US DoD implements its strategic

shift to the Pacific region, Guam thus servesas an unsinkable logistics base for forward-deployed aircraft and ships in theWesternPacific, enabling US strategic power projec-tion.WithWashington regularly airingconcerns about the lack of transparency inChina’s military build-up, Guam is becomingmore indispensable than ever.

Gordon Arthur is a JDW Correspondent,reporting from Guam.


Apra Harbor with submarine tender USS Frank Cablevisible in the background. Wharf reconstruction workis ongoing in the foreground. Gordon Arthur: 1526635

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In thewake of amajor reorganisation of theRoyal NorwegianNavy (RNoN), RearAdmi-ral Lars Saunes –who took over the helm as

navy chief on 1April – is taskedwith bringingthe service’s newunits to the highest level ofoperational readiness in order tomeet currentand future commitments.“Being amaritime nation, hosting awide

range of offshore infrastructures, as well ashaving aworld-class commercial fleet, theRNoNhas tomaintain a naval capability thatcan be usedwhen national interests are chal-lenged,” he told IHS Jane’s.“Our role in this is to ensure that our assets

are available for international taskingswhenandwhere deemed necessary.Although theprocurement programme left us smaller, weare far better equipped.We nowhave a cred-ible fighting force available for national needsand international engagements.”AdmSaunes said the two cornerstones

of the fleet – the newFridtjof Nansen-classfrigates and the Skjold-class corvettes –werefulfilling all expectations.“Both the frigates and the corvettes provide

uswith an increased operational capabilityin their respective fields of use and greatercredibility to our navy – both nationally andinternationally,” he said.The admiral noted that the capabilities

offered by theNansen class extend beyond airdefence. “Their impressive sensor, weapon andC4I suites give us capabilities not found onother navies’ frigates,” he said.Meanwhile, the new Skjold-class corvettes,

designed for anti-surfacewarfare in littoralwaters, “are amongst ourmost flexible assets”,AdmSaunes continued. “Due to their uniqueseagoing capabilities, advanced technology andtheir crews’ expertise in littoral operations,these units aremuchmore than traditionalfast patrol boats. They contribute substantiallyto awide range of operations in the littoralsand are even suited for interdiction and crisisresponse operations.”With tasks growing in complexity andwith

missions becomingmore diverse, the navyis increasingly focused on contributions tointernational crisesmanagement, peacekeep-ing operations and other NATO commitments,while the coastguard shoulders responsibil-ity for surveillance and control of Norway’s

exclusive economic zone and fishing groundsaround Svalbard and the JanMayen islands, aswell as search and rescue and environmentalprotection operations.In support of the RNoN’s newmobile opera-

tional concept, a new logistic support vessel(LSV) is being built at SouthKorea’s DaewooShipbuilding andMarine Engineering (DSME)under a contract signed in June 2013. Entryinto service is scheduled for late 2017.DSME’s design has been developedwith

BMTDefence Services and is a variant of thelatter’s genericAegir 18 afloat replenishmentand logistics support vessel.The newLSV is primarily intended to

provide afloat support for an RNoN task group,butwill also be able to contribute to otheroperations such as humanitarian relief andlogistics support to forces ashore. The vesselwill additionally offer capacity for aviation,medical, andmaintenance support.“It will be an important forcemultiplier

and, for the first time, give the RNoN anorganic capability to sustain a task group atrange,” the admiral said.Another priority is the acquisition of a new

class of coastguard vessels to replace the navy’sthree Nordkapp-class units. “The new ships,

whichwill enter service from2017 onwards,are necessary tomeet the challengeswe arefacing in theHighNorth,” saidAdmSaunes.However, the navy’smain project is the

replacement of its six Ula-class submarines,commissioned between 1989 and 1992.“Wemust decide onhow to renew the sub-

surface fleet: either to give thema further lifeextension or acquire newboats,” said the admi-ral. “In the case of opting for newbuilds, we’relooking to other navieswith similar require-ments, the SwedishNavy being the privileged,but not necessarily exclusive, partner.”In themeantime, theUla-class boats are

undergoing an upgrade thatwill enable themto remain in operation for the next 15 years.As far as the RNoN’sminewarfare assets are

concerned, the admiral said that a further lifeextension of theOksoy/Alta-class vessels willnot be undertaken because they have beenused farmore than originally expected.“The hulls reach their expected service end

in the 2020s. Likemany navieswe are consid-ering the future of ourmine countermeasures(MCM) capability,” he said. “One option is theuse of a support ship for control of autono-mous underwater vehicles, or unmannedsystems could be embarked in other platformsto provide an organicMCMcapability.”Looking ahead,AdmSaunes sees several

emerging trends that could influence thefuture development of the RNoN.One of these is the impact of globalisation,

resulting in increased reliance on seabornetrade. “Norway is deeply involved and is one ofthemain transporters in theworld,” he noted.“Thereforewe have a vested interest in keep-ing the global trade safe and secure.”Another trend is the ever-increasing

complexity of naval warfare. “This tendencyis particularly challenging for small naviesbecause the capacity and competencewithinthe organisationwill always be limited,”AdmSaunes explained. “To alleviate these chal-lenges, we’re seeking to partnerwith othernavies – clearlywithin the framework ofNATO, but also by increasing bilateral partner-ships, in particular within the areas of trainingand education.”

Guy ToremansJDW Correspondent, BergenFirst published online: 19/08/14

‘We now have acredible fightingforce available’

Guy

Toremans:1526642

INTERVIEW

Rear Admiral Lars SaunesCHIEF OF THE ROYAL NORWEGIAN NAVY


034_JDW_27082014.indd 34 22/08/2014 12:00:45

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