antiviral(efficacy(and(host(immune(response(induction(with...

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ANTIVIRAL EFFICACY AND HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE INDUCTION WITH SB 9200, AN ORAL PRODRUG OF THE DINUCLEOTIDE SB 9000, IN COMBINATION WITH ENTECAVIR IN THE WOODCHUCK MODEL OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B Kyle Korolowicz 1 , Maria Balarezo 1 , Radhakrishnan Iyer 2 , Seetharamaiyer Padmanabhan 2 , Dillon Cleary 2 , Rayomand Gimi 2 , Anjaneyulu Sheri 2 , Manasa Suresh 1 , Changsuek Yon 1 , Robin Tucker 3 , Nezam Afdhal 2 , and Stephan Menne 1 1 Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 2 Spring Bank PharmaceuNcals, Milford, MA, 3 Department of ComparaNve Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States pany BACKGROUND SB 9200 is a small orally bioavailable dinucleoNde that acNvates the cellular viral sensors RIGI and NOD2 causing the inducNon of IFN signaling cascade for anNviral defense (1, 2). In preclinical studies, SB 9200 has shown to be a potent agent against hepaNNs B virus (HBV) (1, 3). In woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepaNNs virus (WHV), SB 9200 monotherapy for 12 weeks at two select doses resulted in potent anNviral acNvity (4). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall anNviral response in woodchucks upon inducNon of innate immune response first by treatment with SB 9200 followed by Entecavir (ETV) treatment versus reducNon of viral burden with ETV treatment followed by immune modulaNon with SB 9200. SUMMARY At the end of treatment in Group 2, average reducNons of 6.4 log 10 in serum WHV DNA and 3.3 log 10 in WHsAg were observed whereas in Group 1, average reducNons of 4.2 log 10 and 1.1 log 10 in serum WHV DNA and WHsAg were seen compared to pretreatment levels. Treatment demonstrated significant reducNons of WHV DNA RI, cccDNA, and RNA in Group 2 (76%, 49%, and 51%) and Group 1 (57%, 39%, and 41%). Following cessaNon of treatment and the 8week followup period, recrudescence of WHV replicaNon was observed in Group 1, whereas recrudescence in Group 2 was much delayed with viremia and anNgenemia staying at 1.7 and 0.7 log 10 below pretreatment levels. Overall, both treatment regimens slightly reduced hepaNc WHV anNgen expression and slowed liver disease progression. Seroconversion to anNWHs anNbody was not observed. The anNviral effects were also associated with the inducNon of IFNα, IFNβ, OAS1, CXCL10, ISG15, and IL6 in blood and liver, which were more pronounced in Group 2 compared to Group 1. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES MATERIALS & METHODS Two groups of five woodchucks were treated orally with SB 9200 (30 mg/ kg/day) and ETV (0.5 mg/kg/day). Group 1 received ETV for 4 weeks followed by SB 9200 for 12 weeks. Group 2 received SB 9200 for 12 weeks followed by ETV for 4 weeks. Both groups were monitored for 8 weeks posttreatment. Endpoints included PD, tolerability and anNviral efficacy. Safety parameters included hematology, clinical chemistry, body weights, body temperatures and daily observaNons. Serum DNA load was determined by slot blot hybridizaNon and samples below the limit of detecNon were further evaluated by PCR. Serum surface anNgen (WHsAg) level and anNbod Nter against WHsAg (anNWHs) were assayed by ELISA. HepaNc levels of WHV RNA, covalentlyclosed circular (ccc) DNA, and DNA replicaNve intermediates (RI) were measured quanNtaNvely by Northern or Southern blot hybridizaNon, respecNvely. InducNon of innate immune response to SB 9200 treatment was tested by measuring RNA levels of IFNα, IFNβ, IL6, CXCL10, OAS1 and ISG15 in whole blood and liver. InducNon of host innate immune response by pretreatment with SB 9200 followed by ETV in woodchucks resulted in significant declines in viral DNA, RNA, and anNgens that was superior to that seen using the strategy of viral reducNon with ETV followed by immune modulaNon. These data support the planned Phase II clinical trial of SB 9200 alone and in combinaNon with a nucleoside in the treatment of chronic HBV. 1. Coughlin JE, et al., Bioorg Med Chem Lek 2010;20:17831786 2. Cunningham ME, et al., Hepatology 2013;58:92A207A, Abstract 473 3. Iyer RP, et al., AnNmicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:23182320 4. Korolowicz K, et al., J Hepatol 2015; 62:S557 Contact InformaHon Stephan Menne: [email protected]; Radhakrishnan P. Iyer: [email protected] REFERENCES This study was supported by IDIQ contract HHSN272201000011I, task order HHSN27200002 (D06) to Georgetown University Medical Center and by R01 grant AI094469 to Spring Bank PharmaceuNcals, Inc. from NIAID/DMID. Fig. 1. Changes in levels of serum WHV DNA (top panels) and WHsAg (bo\om panels) relaNve to T 0 (pretreatment baseline) in individual woodchucks administered ETV + SB 9200 (a, d) or SB 9200 + ETV (b, e), and mean of each group (c, f). Fig. 2. Changes in mean hepaNc levels of WHV RI DNA (a), WHV cccDNA (b), and WHV RNA (c) relaNve to week 1 (pretreatment baseline) in response to treatment with ETV + SB 9200 or SB 9200 + ETV. SequenHal treatment with SB 9200 followed by ETV results in marked suppression of serum viremia and anHgenemia and in delayed recrudescence of viral replicaHon compared to sequenHal treatment with ETV followed by SB 9200 SequenHal treatment with SB 9200 followed by ETV induces more pronounced reducHon in hepaHc levels of WHV nucleic acids than sequenHal treatment with ETV followed by SB 9200 SequenHal treatment with SB 9200 followed by ETV induces pronounced and someHmes longlasHng expression increases of type I IFNs, cytokine and ISGs in blood Fig. 5. Changes in mean blood transcript levels of IFNα, IFNβ, and IL6 (top panels) and of CXCL10, OAS1 and ISG15 (bo\om panels) in response to treatment with ETV + SB 9200 (a, c) or SB 9200 + ETV (b, d). Delayed recrudescence of viral replicaHon following sequenHal treatment with SB 9200 and ETV is associated with expression increases of type I IFNs, cytokine and ISGs in liver Fig. 6. Changes in mean liver transcript levels of IFNα, IFNβ, and IL6 (top panels) and of CXCL10, OAS1 and ISG15 (bo\om panels) in response to treatment with ETV + SB 9200 (a, c) or SB 9200 + ETV (b, d). Fig. 3. Changes in cytoplasmic WHcAg (top panels) and membranous WHsAg expression (bo\om panels) in response to treatment with ETV + SB 9200 (a, c) or SB 9200 + ETV (b, d). Changes in mean serum WHV DNA relaNve to T 0 (pretreatment baseline) is ploked on the leo yaxis. The mean immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores for anNgen expression in liver are ploked on the right yaxis. SequenHal treatment with SB 9200 followed by ETV results in greater reducHon of hepaHc WHV anHgen expression than sequenHal treatment with ETV and SB 9200 SequenHal treatment with SB 9200 and ETV or ETV and SB 9200 reduces liver steatosis Fig. 4. Changes in liver steatosis in response to treatment with ETV + SB 9200 (a) or SB 9200 + ETV (b). Changes in mean serum WHV DNA relaNve to T 0 (pretreatment baseline) is ploked on the leo yaxis. The mean score for hepaNc steatosis is ploked on the right yaxis.

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Page 1: ANTIVIRAL(EFFICACY(AND(HOST(IMMUNE(RESPONSE(INDUCTION(WITH ...springbankpharm.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/...antiviral(efficacy(and(host(immune(response(induction(with(sb(9200,(an(oral(prodrug(ofthe(dinucleotide(sb(9000,(in(combination(with(entecavirin(the(woodchuck(model

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ANTIVIRAL  EFFICACY  AND  HOST  IMMUNE  RESPONSE  INDUCTION  WITH  SB  9200,  AN  ORAL  PRODRUG  OF  THE  DINUCLEOTIDE  SB  9000,  IN  COMBINATION  WITH  ENTECAVIR  IN  THE  WOODCHUCK  MODEL  OF  CHRONIC  HEPATITIS    B    Kyle  Korolowicz1,  Maria  Balarezo1,  Radhakrishnan  Iyer2,  Seetharamaiyer  Padmanabhan2,  Dillon  Cleary2,  Rayomand  Gimi2,  Anjaneyulu  Sheri2,  Manasa  Suresh1,  Changsuek  Yon1,  Robin  Tucker3,  Nezam  Afdhal2,  and  Stephan  Menne1  1Microbiology  and  Immunology,  Georgetown  University  Medical  Center,  Washington,  DC,  2Spring  Bank  PharmaceuNcals,  Milford,  MA,  3Department  of  ComparaNve  Medicine,  Georgetown  University  Medical  Center,  Washington,  DC,  United  States  pany  

BACKGROUND  

SB  9200  is  a  small  orally  bioavailable  dinucleoNde  that  acNvates  the  cellular  viral  sensors  RIG-­‐I  and  NOD2  causing  the  inducNon  of  IFN  signaling  cascade  for  anNviral  defense  (1,  2).  In  preclinical  studies,  SB  9200  has  shown  to  be  a  potent  agent  against  hepaNNs  B  virus  (HBV)  (1,  3).  In  woodchucks  chronically  infected  with  woodchuck  hepaNNs  virus  (WHV),  SB  9200  monotherapy  for  12  weeks  at  two  select  doses  resulted  in  potent  anNviral  acNvity  (4).    

OBJECTIVES  

The  aim  of  this  study  was  to  evaluate  the  overall  anNviral  response  in  woodchucks  upon  inducNon  of  innate  immune  response  first  by  treatment  with  SB  9200  followed  by  Entecavir  (ETV)  treatment  versus  reducNon  of  viral  burden  with  ETV  treatment  followed  by  immune  modulaNon  with  SB  9200.    

 

 

SUMMARY  At  the  end  of  treatment  in  Group  2,  average  reducNons  of  6.4  log10  in  serum  WHV  DNA  and  3.3  log10  in  WHsAg  were  observed  whereas  in  Group  1,  average  reducNons  of  4.2  log10  and  1.1  log  10  in  serum  WHV  DNA  and  WHsAg  were  seen  compared  to  pretreatment  levels.  Treatment  demonstrated  significant  reducNons  of  WHV  DNA  RI,  cccDNA,  and  RNA  in  Group  2  (76%,  49%,  and  51%)  and  Group  1  (57%,  39%,  and  41%).  Following  cessaNon  of  treatment  and  the  8-­‐week  follow-­‐up  period,  recrudescence  of  WHV  replicaNon  was  observed  in  Group  1,  whereas  recrudescence  in  Group  2  was  much  delayed  with  viremia  and  anNgenemia  staying  at  1.7  and  0.7  log10  below  pretreatment  levels.  Overall,  both  treatment  regimens  slightly  reduced  hepaNc  WHV  anNgen  expression  and  slowed  liver  disease  progression.  Seroconversion  to  anN-­‐WHs  anNbody  was  not  observed.  The  anNviral  effects  were  also  associated  with  the  inducNon  of  IFN-­‐α,  IFN-­‐β,  OAS-­‐1,  CXCL10,  ISG15,  and  IL-­‐6  in  blood  and  liver,  which  were  more  pronounced  in  Group  2  compared  to  Group  1.  

 

RESULTS  

CONCLUSIONS   REFERENCES  

MATERIALS  &  METHODS  

Two  groups  of  five  woodchucks  were  treated  orally  with  SB  9200  (30  mg/kg/day)   and   ETV   (0.5   mg/kg/day).   Group   1   received   ETV   for   4   weeks  followed  by  SB  9200  for  12  weeks.  Group  2  received  SB  9200  for  12  weeks  followed   by   ETV   for   4   weeks.   Both   groups   were   monitored   for   8   weeks  post-­‐treatment.  Endpoints  included  PD,  tolerability  and  anNviral  efficacy.  

Safety   parameters   included   hematology,   clinical   chemistry,   body  weights,  body  temperatures  and  daily  observaNons.  

Serum  DNA  load  was  determined  by  slot  blot  hybridizaNon  and  samples  below  the  limit  of  detecNon  were  further  evaluated  by  PCR.  Serum  surface  anNgen  (WHsAg)  level  and  anNbod  Nter  against  WHsAg  (anN-­‐WHs)  were  assayed  by  ELISA.  HepaNc  levels  of  WHV  RNA,  covalently-­‐closed  circular  (ccc)  DNA,  and  DNA  replicaNve  intermediates  (RI)  were  measured  quanNtaNvely  by  Northern  or  Southern  blot  hybridizaNon,  respecNvely.  InducNon  of  innate  immune  response  to  SB  9200  treatment  was  tested  by  measuring  RNA  levels  of  IFN-­‐α,  IFN-­‐β,  IL-­‐6,  CXCL10,  OAS1  and  ISG15  in  whole  blood  and  liver.  

 

InducNon  of  host  innate  immune  response  by  pretreatment  with  SB  9200  followed  by  ETV  in  woodchucks  resulted  in  significant  declines  in  viral  DNA,  RNA,  and  anNgens  that  was  superior  to  that  seen  using  the  strategy  of  viral  reducNon  with  ETV  followed  by  immune  modulaNon.  These  data  support  the  planned  Phase  II  clinical  trial  of  SB  9200  alone  and  in  combinaNon  with  a  nucleoside  in  the  treatment  of  chronic  HBV.  

1.  Coughlin  JE,  et  al.,  Bioorg  Med  Chem  Lek  2010;20:1783-­‐1786  2.  Cunningham  ME,  et  al.,  Hepatology  2013;58:92A-­‐207A,  Abstract  473  3.  Iyer  RP,  et  al.,  AnNmicrob  Agents  Chemother  2004;48:2318-­‐2320  4.  Korolowicz  K,  et  al.,  J  Hepatol  2015;  62:S557  

 

 

 

 

 

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Contact  InformaHon  Stephan  Menne:  [email protected];  Radhakrishnan  P.  Iyer:    [email protected]  

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REFERENCES  This  study  was  supported  by  IDIQ  contract  HHSN272201000011I,  task  order  HHSN27200002  (D06)  to  Georgetown  University  Medical  Center  and  by  R01  grant  AI094469  to  Spring  Bank  PharmaceuNcals,  Inc.  from  NIAID/DMID.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig.  1.  Changes  in  levels  of  serum  WHV  DNA  (top  panels)  and  WHsAg  (bo\om  panels)  relaNve  to  T0  (pretreatment  baseline)  in  individual  woodchucks  administered  ETV  +  SB  9200  (a,  d)  or  SB  9200  +  ETV  (b,  e),  

and  mean  of  each  group  (c,  f).  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig.  2.  Changes  in  mean  hepaNc  levels  of  WHV  RI  DNA  (a),  WHV  cccDNA  (b),  and  WHV  RNA  (c)  relaNve  to  week  -­‐1  (pretreatment  baseline)  in  response  to  treatment  with  ETV  +  SB  9200  or  SB  9200  +  ETV.      

 

SequenHal  treatment  with  SB  9200  followed  by  ETV  results  in  marked    suppression  of  serum  viremia  and  anHgenemia  and  in  delayed  recrudescence  of  viral  replicaHon  compared  to  

sequenHal  treatment  with  ETV  followed  by  SB  9200  

SequenHal  treatment  with  SB  9200  followed  by  ETV  induces  more  pronounced  reducHon  in  hepaHc  levels  of  WHV  nucleic  acids  than  sequenHal  treatment  with  ETV  followed  by  SB  9200  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SequenHal  treatment  with  SB  9200  followed  by  ETV  induces  pronounced  and  someHmes  long-­‐lasHng  expression  increases  of  type  I  IFNs,  cytokine  and  ISGs  in  blood  

Fig.  5.  Changes  in  mean  blood  transcript  levels  of  IFN-­‐α,  IFN-­‐β,  and  IL-­‐6  (top  panels)  and  of  CXCL10,  OAS1  and  ISG15  (bo\om  panels)  in  response  to  treatment  with  ETV  +  SB  9200  (a,  c)  or  SB  9200  +  ETV  (b,  d).  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Delayed  recrudescence  of  viral  replicaHon  following  sequenHal  treatment  with  SB  9200  and  ETV  is  associated  with  expression  increases  of  type  I  IFNs,  cytokine  and  ISGs  in  liver  

Fig.  6.  Changes  in  mean  liver  transcript  levels  of  IFN-­‐α,  IFN-­‐β,  and  IL-­‐6  (top  panels)  and  of  CXCL10,  OAS1  and  ISG15  (bo\om  panels)  in  response  to  treatment  with  ETV  +  SB  9200  (a,  c)  or  SB  9200  +  ETV  (b,  d).  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig.  3.  Changes  in  cytoplasmic  WHcAg  (top  panels)  and  membranous  WHsAg  expression  (bo\om  panels)  in  response  to  treatment  with  ETV  +  SB  9200  (a,  c)  or  SB  9200  +  ETV  (b,  d).  Changes  in  mean  serum  WHV  DNA  relaNve   to   T0   (pretreatment   baseline)   is   ploked   on   the   leo   y-­‐axis.   The  mean   immunohistochemistry   (IHC)  scores  for  anNgen  expression  in  liver  are  ploked  on  the  right  y-­‐axis.      

SequenHal  treatment  with  SB  9200  followed  by  ETV  results  in  greater  reducHon  of  hepaHc  WHV  anHgen  expression  than  sequenHal  treatment  with  ETV  and  SB  9200  

SequenHal  treatment  with  SB  9200  and  ETV  or  ETV  and  SB  9200  reduces  liver  steatosis  

Fig.   4.  Changes   in   liver   steatosis   in   response   to   treatment  with   ETV   +   SB   9200   (a)   or   SB   9200   +   ETV   (b).  Changes   in  mean   serum  WHV  DNA   relaNve   to  T0   (pretreatment  baseline)   is  ploked  on   the   leo  y-­‐axis.   The  mean  score  for  hepaNc  steatosis  is  ploked  on  the  right  y-­‐axis.